动词的不同形式.docx
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动词的不同形式.docx
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动词的不同形式
动词的不同形式
序号汉语原形过去式过去分词
ABC
1喝drinkdrankdrunk
2摇铃,打电话ringrangrung
3唱歌singsangsung
4游泳swimswamswum
5开始beginbeganbegun
6落下fallfellfallen
7生长growgrewgrown
8知道knowknewknown
9放飞flyflewflown
10吹动,吹奏blowblewblown
11拿,取taketooktaken
12犯错误mistakemistookmistaken
13驾驶drivedrovedriven
14写writewrotewritten
15上升riseroserisen
16骑rideroderidden
17说speakspokespoken
18打破breakbrokebroken
19醒wakewokewoken
20忘记forgetforgotforgotten
21选择choosechosechosen
22吃eatateeaten
23给givegavegiven
24看见seesawseen
25做dodiddone
26画drawdrewdrawn
27躺lielaylain
28出示showshowedhown
29去gowentgone
30穿wearworeworn
31是am,iswasbeen
32是arewerebeen
drink---drank----drunk
ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum
sing----sang----sung
sink----sank----sunk
blow----blew----blown
grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
fly----flew----flown
take----took----taken
shake----shook----shaken
drive----drove----driven
write---wrote---written
rise---rose---risen
ride----rode----ridden
speak----spoke----spoken
steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken
wake----woke----woken
freeze----froze----frozen
forget----forgot----forgotten
choose----chose----chosen
draw----drew----drawn
eat----ate----eaten
fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given
hide----hid----hidden
see----saw----seen
do----did----done
下面是不规则的
bringbroughtbrought
buildbuiltbuilt
buyboughtbought
catchcaughtcaught
digdugdug
feelfeltfelt
findfoundfound
getgotgot
havehadhad
hearheardheard
holdheldheld
keepkeptkept
※learnlearntlearnt
leaveleftleft
lendlentlent
makemademade
meetmetmet
paypaidpaid
saysaidsaid
sellsoldsold
sendsentsent
shineshoneshone
sitsatsat
sleepsleptslept
※smellsmeltsmelt
spendspentspent
standstoodstood
teachtaughttaught
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
understandunderstood
understood
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。
如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。
如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。
如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。
如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:
t〕的过去式。
如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:
hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:
d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:
n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。
如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have/has—had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
概念
表示过去了的动作或事件。
Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰见了他。
构成
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。
动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:
workedplayedwantedacted
以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
livedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraisedwiped
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:
studiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped
注:
不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flewis/am-wasare-weresee-sawbring-brough
用法:
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工厂工作。
IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。
(2)
一般过去时态:
表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
谓语动词要用一般过去式。
时间标志:
yesterday(昨天),lastweek(上周),lastmonth(上个月),lastyear(去年),twomonthsago(两个月前),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),in1990(在1990年),inthosedays(在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语。
如:
Iwasbornin1990.(我出生在1990年)。
Whendidyougotothepark(你是什么时候去的公园)。
Iwenttotheparklastweek.(我是上周去的公园)
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。
1.Be动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.
构成:
肯定句:
主语+was(were)+宾语
如:
Iwaslateyesterday.(昨天我迟到了。
)
否定句:
主语+was(were)+not+宾语
如:
Weweren'tlateyesterday.(我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:
Was(Were)+主语+宾语
如:
Wereyouillyesterday(你昨天病了吗)
肯定回答:
Yes,Iwas.(是的,我病了。
)
否定句:
No,Iwasn't.(不,我没病。
)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+宾语
如:
Whenwereyouborn你是什么时候出生的
读法:
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音:
1.在清辅音后读作[t]。
如:
asked,helped,watched,stopped
2.在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。
如:
enjoyed,studied,moved,called
3.在t/d后读作[id]。
如:
wanted,needed
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1.以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。
如:
put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2.以d结尾的词,把d变成t。
如:
build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent
3.以n结尾的词,在词后加t。
如:
mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow/aw结尾的词,把ow/aw变成ew。
如:
blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5.含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o/i的词,将o/i变成a。
如:
sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank
不规则变化动词表:
原形过去式
abideabode,
abidedabode,
alightalighted,
arisearose
awakeawoke
bewas,werebeen
bearboreborne,born
beatbeatbeaten
becomebecamebecome
befallbefellbefallen
begetbegotbegotten,begot
beginbeganbegun
beholdbeheldbeheld
bendbentbent
bereavebereaved,bereftbereaved,bereft
beseechbesought,beseechedbesought,beseeched
besetbesetbeset
bespeakbespokebespoken,bespoke
bespreadbespreadbespread
bestrewbestrewedbestrewed,bestrewn
bestridebestrodebestridden,bestrid,bestrode
betbet,bettedbet,betted
betakebetookbetaken
bethinkbethoughtbethought
bidbade,bidbidden,bid
bidebode,bidedbided
bindboundbound
bitebitbitten,bit
bleedbledbled
blendblended,blentblended,blent
blessblessed,blestblessed,blest
blowblewblown
breakbrokebroken
breedbredbred
bringbroughtbrought
broadcastbroadcast,broadcastedbroadcast,broadcasted
browbeatbrowbeatbrowbeaten
buildbuiltbuilt
burnburnt,burnedburnt,burned
burstburstburst
buyboughtbought
cancould-
castcastcast
catchcaughtcaught
chidechid,chidedchid,chidden,chided
choosechosechosen
cleavecleaved,cleft,clovecleaved,cleft
cleaveclavecloven
clingclungclung
clotheclothed,cladclothed,clad
comecamecome
costcostcost
creepcreptcrept
crowcrowed,crewcrowed
cutcutcut
daredared,durstdared
dealdealtdealt
digdugdug
dispreaddispreaddispread
dodiddone
drawdrewdrawn
dreamdreamed,dreamtdreamed,dreamt
drinkdrankdrunk
drivedrovedriven
dwelldwelt,dwelleddwelt,dwelled
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
feedfedfed
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought
findfoundfound
fleefledfled
flingflungflung
flyflewflown
flyfledfled
flyfliedflied
forbearforboreforborne
forbidforbade,forbadforbidden
forecastforecast,forecastedforecast,forecasted
fordofordidfordone
foregoforewentforegone
foreknowforeknewforeknown
forerunforeranforerun
foreseeforesawforeseen
foreshowforeshowedforeshown
foretellforetoldforetold
forgetforgotforgotten,forgot
forgiveforgaveforgiven
forsakeforsookforsaken
forswearforsworeforsworn
freezefrozefrozen
gainsaygainsaidgainsaid
getgotgot,gotten
gildgilded,giltgilded
girdgirded,girtgirded,girt
givegavegiven
gowentgone
gravegravedgraven,graved
grindgroundground
growgrewgrown
hamstringhamstringed,hamstrunghamstringed,hamstrung
hanghunghung
hanghangedhanged
havehadhad
hearheardheard
heaveheaved,hoveheaved,hove
hewhewedhewed,hewn
hidehidhidden,hid
hithithit
holdheldheld
hurthurthurt
inlayinlaidinlaid
keepkeptkept
kneelknelt,kneeledknelt,kneeled
knitknitted,knitknitted,knit
knowknewknown
ladeladedladed,laden
laylaidlaid
leadledled
leanleaned,leantleaned,leant
leapleapt,leapedleapt,leaped
learnlearnt,learnedlearnt,learned
leaveleftleft
lendlentlent
letletlet
lielaylain
lieliedlied
lightlitlit
lightlightedlighted
loselostlost
makemademade
maymight-
meanmeantmeant
meetmetmet
meltmeltedmelted,melten
misdealmisdealtmisdealt
misgivemisgavemisgiven
mislaymislaidmislaid
misleadmisledmisled
mistakemistookmistaken
misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood
mowmowedmowed,mown
mustmust-
oughtought-
outbidoutbade,outbidoutbidden,outbid
outbreedoutbredoutbred
outdooutdidoutdone
outeatoutateouteaten
outfightoutfoughtoutfought
outgooutwentoutgone
outgrowoutgrewoutgrown
outlayoutlaidoutlaid
outrideoutrodeoutridden
outrunoutranoutrun
outselloutsoldoutsold
outshineoutshoneoutshone
outshootoutshotoutshot
outsitoutsatoutsat
outspendoutspentoutspent
outspreadoutspreadoutspread
outthrowoutthrewoutthrown
outthrustoutthrustoutthrust
outwearoutworeoutworn
overbearoverboreoverborne
overbidoverbidoverbidden,overbid
overblowoverblewoverblown
overbuildoverbuiltoverbuilt
overbuyoverbought
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