职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案051614.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案051614.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案051614
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-14
1、TheGuitarTheMuseumofFineArtsintheeasterncityofBostonrecentlybeganshowingacollectionofguitars.TheexhibitiscalledDangerousCurves:
TheArtoftheGuitar.Itshowshowtheinstrumentdevelopedduringthepastfourcenturies.Probablynoothermusicalinstrumentisaspopulararoundtheworldastheguitar.Musiciansusetheguitarforalmosteverykindofmusic.Countryandwesternmusicwouldnotbethesamewithoutaguitar.ThetraditionalSpanishfolkmusiccalledFlamencocouldnotexistwithoutaguitar.ThesoundofAmericanbluesmusicwouldnotbethesamewithoutthesadcryoftheguitar.Androckandrollmusicwouldalmostbeimpossiblewithoutthisinstrument.Musicexpertsdonotagreeaboutwheretheguitarfirstwasplayed.Mostagreeitisancient.SomeexpertssayaninstrumentverymuchlikeaguitarwasplayedinEgyptmorethanathousandyearsago.SomeotherexpertssaythattheancestorofthemodernguitarwasbroughttoSpainfromPersiasometimeinthetwelfthcentury.TheguitarcontinuedtodevelopinSpain.Intheseventeen-hundreditbecamesimilartotheinstrumentweknowtoday.Manyfamousmusiciansplayedtheinstrument.ThefamousItalianviolinistNiccoloPaganinniplayedandwrotemusicfortheguitarintheearlyeighteenhundred.FranzSchubertusedtheguitartowritesomeofhisfamousworks.OneguitarintheBostonFineArtsdisplaywasplayedbyLesPaul.Itisaveryoldelectricguitar.MisterParlbeganexperimentingwithwaystomakeanelectricguitarinthenineteen-thirties.TheGibsonGuitarCompanybeganproducingitsfamousLesParlGuitarin1952.Theinstrumenthasthesameshapeandthesamesixstringsasthetraditionalguitar,butitsoundsverydifferent.Theguitarhasalwaysbeenimportanttobluesmusic.TheelectricguitarMisterPaulhelpeddevelopmademodernbluesmusicpossible.Therehavebeenmanygreatbluesguitarists.Yet,musicexpertssayallbluesguitarplayersaremeasuredagainstonemanandhisfamousguitar.ThatmanisB-BKing.EverybluesfanknowsthatyearsagoB-BKingnamedhisguitarLucille.LucilleissoimportanttoAmericanmusicthattheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD-Chasaskedforit.Theywanttodisplaythelarge,beautifulblackguitarinoneofthemuseumsbecauseitisapartofAmericanculture.Accordingtosomeexperts,Spainisoneoftheoldestcountrieswhereguitarwasfirstplayed.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
根据一些专家的意见,西班牙是吉他最早的演奏国家之一。
由第4段可以找到答案。
2、WillWeTakeVacationinSpaces?
WhenMikeKellyfirstsetouttobuildhisownprivatespace-ferryservice,hefiguredhisbread-and-butterbusinesswouldbelofting(发射)satellitesintohigh-Earthorbit.Nowhethinkshemayhavefiguredwrong."Peoplewerealwaysaskingmewhentheycouldgo,"saysKelly,whorunsKellySpace&TechnologyoutofSanBemardino,California."Irealizedthatrealmarketisinspacetourism."Accordingtopreliminarymarketsurveys,thereare10,000would-be-space-touristswillingtospend$1millioneachtovisitthefinalfrontier.SpaceAdventureinArlington,Virginia,hastakenmorethan130depositsforatwo-hour,$98,000spacetourtentativelyandsomewhatdubiously(可疑地)settoactorby2005.GeneMeyersofthespaceIslandGroupsays:
"Spaceisthenextexotic(风光奇特的)vacationspot."Thismayallsoundgreat,butthereareafewhurdles(困难).Puttingasimplesatelliteintoorbitwithnooxygen,lifesupportorreturntripnecessaryalreadycostsanastronomical(天文数字)$22,OOO/kg.Andthatdoesn'tincludetheoustofinsuringrichandpossiblylitigiouspassenger.JohnPikeoftheFederationofAmericanScientistsacerbically(尖刻地)suggeststhattheentiregroupofentrepreneurstryingtocorner(垄断)thespace-tourismmarkethavebetweenthem"justenoughmoneytoblowuponerocket."TheU.S.spaceagencyhasplentyofmoneybutzerointerestinmailingspacelessexpensiveforthelittleguys.Sothelittleguysareracingtodowhatthegovernmenthasfailedtodo:
designareusablelaunchsystemthatisinexpensive,safeandreliable.KellySpace'sprototypelookslikeaplanethathassproutedrocketengines.RotaryRocketinRedwoodCity,California,hasaboosterwithrotorstomakeahelicopter-stylereturntoEarth;KistlerAero-spaceinKirkland,Washington,ispiecingtogetheritsversionsfromoldSovietengines,shuttle-stylethermalprotectiontilesandanelaborateparachutesystem.Thefirstpassengercountdownsarestillyearsaway,butbureaucratsattheFederalAviationAdministrationinWashingtonarealreadyinformallydiscussingflightregulations.Afterall,youcan'tbetooprepared,foratriptothatgalaxyfar,faraway.Forthosewhoareintentonjoiningthe100-milehighclub,HiltonandBudgetareplottingtobuildspacehotels.BeforetheRussianspaceshipMircamedown,somepeopleweretalkingaboutusingitasalow-rentspacehoteltoreducethecost.Ifaspacehotelisfinallybuiltinspace,andifyouarethinkingofstayinginit,youmaywanttochecktheMichelinratingsbeforebookingyourselfasuite.SpaceAdventureinArlingtonhastaken130depositstotaling$98,000foratwo-hourspacetour.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
第2段第2句的意思是:
每人交100万美元的定金,而不是总共98000美元,从这句话中可以看出历时两个小时的太空旅行计划在2005年,该旅行是试验性的,并且在一定程度上令人质疑。
因此题干的说法是错误的。
3、RadiocarbonDatingNowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(质子)andsixneutrons(中子)initsnucleus(原子核).Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减).Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线).ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,theamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织).Onceanorganism(有机体)diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,主要答案依据在文章第一段第一段:
Now-adaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon,orcarbon-14dating,谈到现在科学家可以通过一种叫做放射性碳定年法来解读过去,题干是其近义解释,所以正确,答案是A。
4、RadiocarbonDatingNowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(质子)andsixneutrons(中子)initsnucleus(原子核).Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减).Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线).ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,theamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织).Onceanorganism(有机体)diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有较大难度,答案依据不明显,需要通读全文作出判断。
通读全文后可以发现文章并未提及碳的半衰期是25,000年,所以本题是未提及的,答案是C。
5、InventorofLEDWhenNi
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