英语选词填空要整理.docx
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英语选词填空要整理.docx
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英语选词填空要整理
中考英语选词填空试题解题指导 选词填空型“完形填空”是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空,词序打乱,让学生根据短文容选择正确的词语填空。
此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词的一种考查形式。
要完成好这类题,做到事半功倍,需要掌握一定的方法与技巧。
1.在拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,例如:
名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-a.,副词-ad.等等。
同时对词义作初步的理解。
2.统览全局,把握大意。
要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。
只有了解了短文的大意,把握了全局才能主导方向,从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子,缩小词的选择围。
3.根据语法,判定词性。
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。
进一步缩小词的选择围,从而正确地选词。
4.利用语境,确定词形。
当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。
如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式;名词的数和所有格;代词的各种形式与单复数;形容词、副词的比较级以与基数词、序数词的转换形式等。
在填词过程中,需要瞻前顾后,既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。
当你选定一个名词时,要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。
例如:
match-matches,friend-friend's/friends'。
其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词,例如:
sun-sunny,use-useful/useless/used,danger-dangerous在遇到动词时,要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以与非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-todo,现在分词-doing,过去分词-done,固定搭配-enjoydoingsth./usedtodosth./havesth.done…)形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级,还有它们之间的相互转换以与形容词变名词的需求也需考虑,例如:
interesting-more/themostinteresting,happy-happily,happy-happiness;填入代词时,需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以与分数和虚实数的用法,例如:
three-third,2/3-twothirds,onethousand/thousandsof 冠词只需要在a或an之间判别,如agirl/anoldman;当遇到介词和连词时,就更简单,只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配,填入即可。
为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:
空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有's不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。
5.复读全文,验正答案。
填完单词后,不可孤立地逐个检查词,而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中,复读全文,仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景容,读起来是否流畅,是否符合句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等。
发现问题与时更正。
通过再读全文,很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。
[举例分析]先阅读短文,掌握其大意。
然后从方框中所给的词中选出最恰当的10个,并用其适当形式填空,每个词限用一次。
French,same,words,Chinese,example,many,why,great,much,what,another,tell
Languageschangewithtimeandtheworld.SodoesEnglish.New__1__areborrowedfromotherlanguages.Aboutninehundredyearsagotherewere__2__changesinEngland.Agreat__3__wordswereborrowedintoEnglishfrom__4__.Aboutfivehundredyearsagotherewas__5__change.Thistimeitwasachangeinpronunciation(发音),butthespellingwasnot__6__changed.Englishwordsarespelledquitethe__7__astheywereinthosedays.Thespellingshowshowwordswerespokenatthattime.Itdoesnot__8__usmuchaboutthepronunciationofwordstoday.For__9__,theletters“gh”intheword“night”showusnothingabouthowitisspokennow.That’s__10__studentslearningEnglishfindEnglishspellingsoconfusing(容易弄混淆的).
[答案简析]通过阅读,我们知道这是一篇关于英语词汇和读音的演变。
1.words。
意思是“一些新的词汇是借用于其他语言”。
2.great。
“巨大的变化”为greatchange。
3.many。
words为可数名词的复数形式,用many修饰。
4.French。
从前文…wereborrowedintoEnglishfrom…可知应填French(法语)。
5.another。
大约500年前,英语又发生了变化。
6.much。
英语发音虽然有了变化,但拼写没有太多的变化。
7.same。
拼写还是和原来相同。
8.tell。
前一句用shows,很显然,此处应用tell表示“告诉”。
9.example。
这里是在举例子。
Forexample意为“例如”。
10.why。
由于英语在拼写方面没有太大的变化,而在读音上发生了变化。
这就是学英语的学生拼写容易出错的原因。
Exercise:
A.短文填空,从下面方框中选出10个单词,用它们的适当形式填入短文空格,使短文意思正确、通顺。
(注意:
每词限用一次,其中有两词多余)
(enjoy,live,quiet,tired,small,dinner,behind,interesting,not,walk,no,take) DoyouknowSunGarden?
SunGardeningoodplace( )in.It'savery( )district.It's( )onthebusystreet.Ifyouare( )afterwork,youcan( )thedistrict'squietnesshere.Andthereisa ( )parknearhere.Inthemorningorafter( )youcan( )throughthepark. ( )theparkisabookstore.Therearelotsof( )booksinthestore.Soyoucanoftenseelotsofpeoplereadingbooksinthepark. B:
feel,give,turn,work,help,waiter,thing,nearly,he,only,else,one. Awomanwaseatinginarestaurant.Sheaskedthewaitertodomany
(1)________forher.Nowshewas
(2)________thewaiteralotoftrouble.(3)________,sheaskedthewaitertoturnontheairconditioner(空调)becauseshe(4)_________toohot.Thensheaskedhimto(5)________itoffbecauseshewastoocold.Thiswentonandonfor(6)________halfanhour.Butthewaiterwasverykindand(7)_________.Hedideverythingthewomanasked(8)________todowithoutgettingangry.Finally,someone(9)________intherestaurantaskedwhythe(10)________didn’tjustthrowthewomanout.“Oh,Idon’tcare.”thewaitersaid,Smiling.“Wedon’tevenhaveanairconditioner.”
C.call,swim,anything,clever,bear,can,his,give,girl,something,read,takeManyyearsago,therewasafamily___1___Franklin.TheylivedinBoston.Therewerefive___2___andsixboysinthefamily.OnaJanuarydayin1760,anotherbabyboy___3___.Theyboy’smotherandhisfather___4___theboyaname—Benjamin.Benjaminwasthe___5___ofallthechildren.Hecouldreadwhenhewasfiveandhe___6___writebythetimehewasseven.Whenhewaseighthewassenttoschool.InschoolBenjaminhadbeengoodat___7___andwritingbutnotgoodatmaths.Hereadallof___8___father’sbooks.Andwhenever(每当)hehadalittlemoney,heboughtabookwithit.Helikedbooks.Theytoldhimhowtodo___9___.Atthattimeheinventedthepaddles(脚蹼)for___10___.\D:
need,animal,I,put,make,except,find,end,look,since,little,enough Letmetellyouastory.Agoodfriendof___1___liveswithsixhundredanimalsonanisland.Ever___2___heleftschool,hehastravelledallovertheworld___3___foranimalsforhisownzoo.Hewritesbooksabouthistravels,andabouthiswonderful___4___.Themoneyforhisbookshelpshimtopayforalltheanimalfood.Myfriendtoldmethatwhenhewaslookingforwaterlastweek(Thereisnotenoughwaterontheisland,thoughthereisalotallaroundit),he___5___oil(石油).He___6___moneyforhistravelsandforhiszoo,andalittleoilwouldbuy___7___waterforalongtime,butheknowsthatifhetellsanybodyelseaboutit,itwillbethe___8___ofhiszooandhislife’swork.SoIthinkhewillnottellanybody___9___youandmeaboutwhathefound—becauseoilandwatercan’t___10___together.Oilmaybringgreatertroubletohisanimalsthannothavingenoughwater.Doyouthinkso?
E:
Leaf,then,large,learn,ones,grow,Thick,has,mean,first,easy,begin. Everybodylovesoranges.Theyaresweetandjuicy.They’reinsections,soitis1toeatthem.Someorangesdonothaveanyseeds.Somehavea2skin,andsomehaveathinskin.Theorangetreeisbeautiful.Ithasalotofshinygreen3Thesmallwhiteflowerssmellverysweet.Anorangetree4flowersandfruitatthesametime.Therewereorangetreestwentymillionyearsago.Theorangeswereverysmall,notlikethe5today.TheorangetreeprobablycamefromChina.Manydifferentkindsofwildoranges6inChinatoday.TheChinesestartedtoraise(栽培)orangetreeesabout4,400yearsago.FarmersinotherpartsofAsiaandtheMiddleEast7toraiseorangesfromthechinese.8theytaughtEuropeans.TheSpainishplantedorangetreesintheNewWold(NorthandSouthAmerica).TheytookthemtoFlorida9.OrangesareaveryimportantcropinFloridaToday.InEnglish,orange10bothafruitandacolor.Weusethenameofthefruitforthecolor.KEY:
A. live quiet not tired enjoy small dinner walk Behind interesting B:
1.things2.giving3.First4.felt5.turn6.nearly7.helpful8.him9.else10.Waiter C:
1.called2.girls3.wasborn4.gave5.cleverest6.could7.reading8.his9.something10.Swimming D:
1.mine2.since3.looking4.animals5.found6.needs7.enough8.end9.except10.beput E:
1.easy2.thick.3.leaves4.has.5.ones.6.grow.7.learned\learnt8.Then9.first.10.means.
(1)well,soft,second,better,may,strongly,afraid,sand,stayup, if,now,house Wecan’tstopanearthquake(地震),butwecandothingstomakesuretheydon’tdestroy(毁坏)wholecities.First,itisnota1.________ ideatobuildhousesalonglineswhere 2.________oftheearth’splates(板块)jointogether.Second,ifyouthinkthere 3.________beanearthquake,itisbettertobuildhousesonrocks,noton 4.________.Third,youmustmakethehousesas 5.________aspossible.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmay 6.________. . Scientistsare 7.________ thatonedayanevenbiggerearthquakewillhitthepartaroundSanFrancisco(旧金山).Theycallit“TheBigOne”.However,peopletodayarestillbuildingmore 8.________ .ThepopulationinandaroundSanFranciscois 9.________ tentimesmorethanitwasin1906.Thismeansthat 10.________ thereisanotherearthquake,agreatmanyhousesandbuildingswillbedestroyed.
(2)forget,bring,mend,beside,luck,pick,same,differently,I,every,stop,each Mr.Brownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peoplesometimes1________ himbrokenumbrellas,andthenhetookthemtoabigshopinLondon.Theywere 2________there. OnedayMr.BrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He3________ totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Sittinginfrontofhimwasamanwithanumbrellastanding 4_______theseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brown 5________ uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgettingoff,hewas 6________ bytheman.Hesaidangrily,“That’s 7________ !
”Mr.Brown’sfaceturnedredandhegaveitbacktothemanatonce. WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookat 8________ ofthem,hesaid,“You’vemendedthemverywell.” Intheafternoonhegotintothetrainagain.The 9________ manwasinthesameseat.HelookedatMrBrownandhissixumbrellas,“You’vehada 10________day,”hesaid.(3)notspeak,call,idea,and,what,garden,hear,quiet,do,eat,name,say Afarmersawanoldmangrowingsomethingontheothersideoftheriver. Thefarmer 1.________outtohim,“Whatareyougrowing,Grandpa?
” Theoldman 2.________foramoment,thensaid,“Swimover3. ________I’lltellyou.” Thefarmerdidn’tlikethe 4.________ ofswimmingacrosstheriver.Buthewantedtoknow 5.________ theoldmanwasdoing.Heswamover.Th
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