钻机各部件中英图解Drilling Rig Components.docx

钻机各部件中英图解Drilling Rig Components.docx

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钻机各部件中英图解DrillingRigComponents

DrillingRigComponents

PetexandtheUniversityofTexasAustin

©Petex2001

DrillingRigComponents

1.CrownBlockandWaterTable

2.CatlineBoomandHoistLine

3.DrillingLine

4.Monkeyboard

5.TravelingBlock

6.TopDrive

7.Mast

8.DrillPipe

9.Doghouse

10.BlowoutPreventer

11.WaterTank

12.ElectricCableTray

13.EngineGeneratorSets

14.FuelTank

15.ElectricalControlHouse

16.MudPumps

17.BulkMudComponentTanks

18.MudTanks（Pits）

19.ReservePit

20.Mud-GasSeparator

21.ShaleShakers

22.ChokeManifold

23.PipeRamp

24.PipeRacks

25.Accumulator

Additionalrigcomponentsnotillustratedatright.

26.Annulus

27.Brake

28.CasingHead

29.Cathead

30.Catwalk

31.Cellar

32.ConductorPipe

33.Degasser

34.Desander

35.Desilter

36.Drawworks

37.DrillBit

38.DrillCollars

39.Driller'sConsole

40.Elevators

41.HoistingLine

42.Hook

43.Kelly

44.KellyBushing

45.KellySpinner

46.Mousehole

47.MudReturnLine

Equipmentusedindrilling

48.RamBOP

49.Rathole

50.RotaryHose

51.RotaryTable

52.Slips

53.Spinningchain

54.Stairways

55.Standpipe

56.SurfaceCasing

57.Substructure

58.Swivel

59.Tongs

60.Walkways

61.WeightIndicator

CrownBlockandWaterTable

Anassemblyofsheavesorpulleysmountedonbeamsatthetopofthederrick.Thedrillinglineisrunoverthesheavesdowntothehoistingdrum.

 CatlineBoomandHoistLine

Astructuralframeworkerectednearthetopofthederrickforliftingmaterial.

DrillingLine

Awireropehoistingline,reevedonsheavesofthecrownblockandtravelingblock（ineffectablockandtackle）.Itsprimarypurposeistohoistorlowerdrillpipeorcasingfromorintoawell.Also,awireropeusedtosupportthedrillingtools.

Monkeyboard

Thederrickman'sworkingplatform.Doubleboard,tribbleboard,fourableboard;amonkeyboardlocatedataheightinthederrickormastequaltotwo,three,orfourlengthsofpiperespectively.

TravelingBlock

Anarrangementofpulleysorsheavesthroughwhichdrillingcableisreeved,whichmovesupordowninthederrickormast.

TopDrive

Thetopdriverotatesthedrillstringendbitwithouttheuseofakellyandrotarytable.Thetopdriveisoperatedfromacontrolconsoleontherigfloor.

Mast

Aportablederrickcapableofbeingerectedasaunit,asdistinguishedfromastandardderrick,whichcannotberaisedtoaworkingpositionasaunit.

DrillPipe

Theheavyseamlesstubingusedtorotatethebitandcirculatethedrillingfluid.Jointsofpipe30feetlongarecoupledtogetherwithtooljoints.

Doghouse

Asmallenclosureontherigfloorusedasanofficeforthedrillerorasastorehouseforsmallobjects.Also,anysmallbuildingusedasanofficeorforstorage.

 BlowoutPreventer

Alargevalve,usuallyinstalledabovetherampreventers,thatformsasealintheannularspacebetweenthepipeandwellboreor,ifnopipeispresent,onthewellboreitself

WaterTank

Isusedtostorewaterthatisusedformudmixing,cementing,andrigcleaning.

ElectricCableTray

Supportstheheavyelectricalcablesthatfeedthepowerfromthecontrolpaneltotherigmotors.

EngineGeneratorSets

Adiesel,LiquefiedPetroleumGas（LPG）,naturalgas,orgasolineengine,alongwithamechanicaltransmissionandgeneratorforproducingpowerforthedrillingrig.Newerrigsuseelectricgeneratorstopowerelectricmotorsontheotherpartsoftherig.

FuelTanks

Fuelstoragetanksforthepowergeneratingsystem.

ElectricHouse

Ondieselelectricrigs,powerfuldieselenginesdrivelargeelectricgenerators.Thegeneratorsproduceelectricitythatflowsthroughcablestoelectricswitchesandcontrolequipmentenclosedinacontrolcabinetorpanel.Electricityisfedtoelectricmotorsviathepanel.

MudPump

Alargereciprocatingpumpusedtocirculatethemud（drillingfluid）onadrillingrig.

 BulkMudComponentsinStorage

Hoppertypetanksforstorageofdrillingfluidcomponents.

MudPits

Aseriesofopentanks,usuallymadeofsteelplates,throughwhichthedrillingmudiscycledtoallowsandandsedimentstosettleout.Additivesaremixedwiththemudinthepit,andthefluidistemporarilystoredtherebeforebeingpumpedbackintothewell.Mudpitcompartmentsarealsocalledshakerpits,settlingpits,andsuctionpits,dependingontheirmainpurpose.

ReservePits

Amudpitinwhichasupplyofdrillingfluidhasbeenstored.Also,awastepit,usuallyanexcavated,earthen-walledpit.Itmaybelinedwithplastictopreventsoilcontamination.