SSS听力文本汇总.docx
- 文档编号:30017043
- 上传时间:2023-08-04
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:26.70KB
SSS听力文本汇总.docx
《SSS听力文本汇总.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《SSS听力文本汇总.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
SSS听力文本汇总
MAY,2010
BrainHearsJustbySeeing
Thebrain'sauditorycortexreactstoandcategorizesstimulievenwhenyouonlyseethesoundbeingproducedandcan'thearit.KarenHopkinreports
May3,2010
Whenmytoddlerhearsastrangenoise,he’llsay,“Mom,whatdoesthatsoundlooklike?
”Hisamusingphrasinginnocentlymixessightandsound.ButnowastudyinthejournalNatureNeurosciencesuggeststhatthebrainactuallylinkstheaudiowiththevisual.Becausesimplyseeingavaseshatteractivatesthepartofthebrainthathandlessound.
IfIaskedyoutoimaginearoostercrowing,you’dprobablyhearthe[audioofroostercrowing]inyourhead.Butwhat’shappeninginyourbrain?
Weknowwhichbrainregionshandlesoundwavesthatcomeinthroughyourears.Arethesameareasactivewhenyousimplyimaginethesound?
Scientists[AntonioDamasioetal.]placedvolunteersinanMRIscannerandshowedthemaseriesofninesilentvideos.Theclipsshowedthingslikethebreakingvase,acowmooingoraviolinbeingplayed.Andinthesubjects’brains,theauditorycortex—whichhandlessounds—wasnotonlyactivatedbythesights,butitwouldcategorizethem.Sothepatternsofactivitythatrepresentahowlingdogandachainsawweredistinct.
ThatmeansthatHamletcouldhearthedifferencebetweenahawkandahandsaw—evenifheonlysawthem.
—KarenHopkin
EvolvedBloodAllowedMammothstoSurvivetheIceAge
Itwasn'tjusttheirthickfurthatallowedthemammothstosurvivethebittercold--itwasalsotheirblood.ChristopherIntagliatareports
May4,2010
Acouplemillionyearsago,mammothsmigratednorthfromAfricatocolonizeEurasia.Sometimearoundthenamassiveiceagekickedin—anditwasstaywarmordie.Sotheirtailsandheat-sheddingearsshrunk,andtheygrewthickcoatsofoilyfur.
Butifyou'reoutinthecoldalldayyoualsoneedsomebiochemicaladjustments.Hemoglobinistheproteininredbloodcellsthatdeliversoxygentoyourtissues.Anditdoesn'toff-loadoxygenwellatlowtemperatures;itjustclingstoitmoretightly.Somammothssolvedthatproblembyevolvinghemoglobinthatreleasesoxygenmoreeasilyinthecold.That’saccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.
ResearchersgottheDNAthatcodesforhemoglobinfroma43,000-year-oldmammothspecimen.TheythenusedE.colibacteriatoproduceactualmammothhemoglobin.Thentheycomparedmammothhemoglobintothatoftheirlivingcousins,Asianelephants,at37,25and10degreesCelsius.Duetojustafewkeystructuralchanges,mammothhemoglobincanreleaseoxygenmorereadilyatcoldtemperatures.Whichwasjustthethingtohelpmammothskeeptheircool.
—ChristopherIntagliata
HappinessIsaWalkinthePark
Newresearchshowsthatevenjustfiveminutesofexerciseinanaturalsettingcansignificantlyboostyourmood.CynthiaGraberreports
May5,2010
Thispodcastisoneminutelong.Ifyoulistenwhilegoingforawalkinaparkorworkinginagarden,you’re20percentofthewaytogivingyourmentalhealthagoodboost.
Becauseexercisinginnaturalareasisnotonlygoodforyourphysicalhealth—itcanimproveyourmoodandsenseofwell-beinginaslittleasfiveminutes.SosaysresearchinthejournalEnvironmentalHealthandTechnology.
Exercisealoneisknowntomakeyouhappier.Soisbeinginanaturalsetting.SoscientistsattheUniversityofEssexwantedtoseetheeffectofcombiningthetwo.Theyevaluated10differentUKstudiesinvolvingmorethan1,200people.
Participantshadtakenpartinactivitiessuchasgardening,sailingandcountrywalks,andratedtheirmoodandself-esteem.
Theresearchshowedthatbothareasgetasignificantboostwithaslittleasfiveminutesofoutdoorexercise.Andpeoplewithmentaldisordersbenefittedthemost.Thestudyauthorssaythisisthefirststudytoquantifytheamountoftimeneededtogetapositiveeffect.Sodownloadafewpodcastsandheadoutforawalkinthepark.
—CynthiaGraber
WatchingBrainCellsinAction
Anewresearchtoolusinglightallowsscientiststowatchindividualbraincellsreactinrealtime.ChristieNicholsonreports
May6,2010
Thebigdreamforneuroscientistsistobeabletowatchourbraincellsinaction,inrealtime.
Well,newresearchhasmaybefoundthemostpromisingtoolyet—atechniquetowatchindividualneuronslightupinresponsetoastimulus,likeflippingonalightswitch.
ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteinsertedalight-sensitiveproteinintoalabmouse.Whenaneuronfires,calciumionsfloodthroughspecialcellchannels.Andwhenthislight-sensitiveproteinbindstocalcium,itradiatesyellowlight.Sowhentheneuronfiresitglowsyellow.
Whenscientistsshotapuffofairatthemouse’swhiskers,thebraincellsinthesensoryareasofthecortexglowedyellow.Theywatchthisviathinglassfibersinsertedintothatbrainregion.
Withthistechniquescientistsnowhaveawaytowatchsinglecellactivityinmanydifferentregionsofthebrainatonce.
ThehopeistoinvestigatehowthebrainformsandlosesneuralconnectionsduringlifeexperiencesandwhensufferingfromillnessessuchasAlzheimer’s,Parkinson’sandschizophrenia.
—ChristieNicholson
LaughingProvesAsEffectiveAsExercise
Recentresearchshowsthatlaughtercanproducethesamehealthbenefitsasphysicalexercise.KarenHopkinreportsMay7,2010
[ClipofRodneyDangerfieldsaying“It’snoteasybeingme;whenIwasbornthedoctortoldmymother,‘IdidallIcould,buthepulledthroughanyway.’”]
Rodneymightafeltbad…butheshouldmakeyoufeelgood,becauseanewstudyshowsthatlaughtercanproducethesamehealthbenefitsasphysicalexercise.Thateuphoricfindingwaspresentedatthe2010ExperimentalBiologyconferenceinAnaheim.
Theideathatagoodguffawmightbegoodforyousurfacedinthe1970s.Sincethen,mirthhasbeenshowntoreducestressandevenboostimmunity.
Tocontinuecataloguingthehealthbenefitsofhilarity,scientistsatLomaLindaUniversityhadvolunteerswatchavideo:
either20minutesfromafunnymovieorstand-uproutine.Andtheresearchersfoundthatlaughingalongwithsomelight-heartedcomedyactuallyloweredvolunteers’bloodpressure.Anditalteredtheirappetitehormonesinthesamewaythatmoderateexercisewould.
Likeagoodjoke,thestudybearsrepeating.Buttheresultssuggestyoumightmakegigglingpartofyourfitnessregime.Sogoahead,LOL.Orforafullworkout,ROTFL.Butifyou’regonnaROTFLPMP,well,youshouldwearextra-absorbentworkoutpants.
—KarenHopkin
WashAwayYourDoubt
Arecentstudysuggeststhatwashingourhandsaftermakingadecisioncankeepusfromsecond-guessingourchoice.KarenHopkinreports
May10,2010
We’veallagonizedoverdifficultdecisions.GotocollegeorbackpackaroundEurope?
Buyorrent?
Applepieordeathbychocolate?
Well,agonizenomore—becauseastudyinthejournalSciencesuggeststhatsimplywashingyourhandsaftermakingatoughchoicecankeepyoufromsecond-guessing.
Washingyourhandsofasituationisapowerfulmetaphor.Butscientistsgottowondering,coulditbesomethingmore?
Previousstudieshadshownthatwashingcanremovetheguiltpeoplefeelaboutpastmisdeeds.Butisthatbecausethebrainsomehowlinksphysicalandmoralcleanliness?
Orbecauseablutionwashesawaythepast?
Tofindout,psychologistsremovedanymoralimplicationsfromaforceddecision.TheyaskedstudentstochoosebetweenthingslikeapairofCDsortwoflavorsofjam.
Theyfoundthatsubjects whowashedtheirhandsrightaftermakingtheirchoicedidn'tlookback.Theymadepeacewiththeirpicksandmovedon—whereasthosewhodidn'thaveaccesstosoapspentmoretimetryingtojustifywhichjamtheytookhome.
Soifyouwanttoavoidrethinkingthepast,latherandrinse.Andifnecessary,repeat.
—KarenHopkin
Post-PatriotActPathogenResearch:
LessBangperBuck
Newguidelinesgoverningresearchonpotentialbioweaponsafter9/11havecutdownthenumberofresearchpaperspublishedperfundingdollar.CynthiaGraberreports
May11,2010
ThePatriotActandtheBioterrorismPreparednessActwerepassedin2001and2002.Theselawsinpartcoverresearchonpathogensandtoxinsthoughttohavepotentialasbioweapons.
TheBushadministrationincreasedfundingforresearchonsuchtoxinsandpathogens—butthelawsaddedagreatmanyproceduralstepsforsuchresearch,andrestrictedwhocouldworkwiththemicrobes.ScientistsatCarnegieMellonrecentlyevaluatedtheimpactofthelawsonresearchintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.[ElisabethCasmanetal.,http:
//bit.ly/ddGnoX]
Theycheckedoutworkwithanthraxbacteria,theebolavirus,alongwithacontrol,Klebsiellabacteria.Theresearchersdidfindanincreaseinthetotalnumberofpaperspublished.Butbeforethelaws,17anthraxpapersappearedpermilliondollarsoffunding.Withtherestrictions,onlythreepapersappearedpermilliondollarsoffunding.Forebola,thenumbersdroppedfrom14tosixpaperspermilliondollars.Figuresforthecontrolstayedthesame.
Thebottomline:
thestudyauthorssaythatresearchonanthraxandebolahasnotbeenseriouslyinhibited.Butithasbeenmadesignificantlylessefficient.
—CynthiaGraber
CheapPhotovoltaicsWinsM.I.T.CleanEnergyPrize
AteamfromStanfordUniversitytooktheannualM.I.T.CleanEnergyPrize,and$200,000,forcomingupwithacheap,flexiblephotovoltaicelectrode.CynthiaGraberreports
May12,2010
TimeforM.I.T.’sCleanEnergyPrize.Theannualcompetitiongivesteamsofuniversitystudentsachancetocompetefor$200,000tokick-starttheirnewcleanenergybusiness.
Onefinalistdesigned
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- SSS 听力 文本 汇总