3 At War with the Planet.docx
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3 At War with the Planet.docx
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3AtWarwiththePlanet
LessonThreeAtWarwiththePlanet
BarryCommner
●Objectives
Studentswillbeableto:
1.learnthedifferentlawsgoverningthenaturalworldandtheman-madeworldsoastounderstandbetterthenatureoftheconflictbetweenmanandthenature;
2.linkwhatwearefacinginrealitywithwhatisdiscussedintheessay;
3.graspthecharacteristicsoftheessay(itsformalchoiceofwords,complicatedsentencestructure,clearorganizationandtheuseofcontrastinpresentingtheargument);
4.enlargetheirvocabularybypickingupthosespecialterminologyemployedintheessay;
5.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.
●Timeallotment:
Theteachingplanistobecarriedoutwith8periods.
Aboutthetitle:
Doesthistitleappearstrikingtoyou?
Itisimportantforanessay,ashortstoryoranoveltohaveaninterestingandinvitingtitle,atitlethatcanarousereaders’interestandcuriositytoreadon.Forinstance,uponseeingthistitle,onecan’thelpwondering:
whoisatwarwiththeplanet?
Whatkindofwarthatcanbe?
Isthethirdworldwargoingtohappen?
Fromtheguidetoreading,welearnthatthisistheopeningchapterofMakingPeacewiththePlanet,abookwithasameinterestingtitlebyBarryCommoner.FromGuidetoReadingandnote1,weknowthatCommonerisaleadingenvironmentalistintheUnitedStates.Sothisessayisabouttheenvironmentalproblems.Let’sgorighttothetextbody.
GeneralStructure:
PartI(Para.1)
Thisistheintroductorypartinwhichtheauthorraisesthethemethatpeopleliveintwoworlds.Likeinlessonone,theauthorcomestothepointrightway.
PartIII(Paras.6-9)
Thefirstlawoftheecosphereandthelawgoverningtherelationshipbetweenman-madeobjectsandthesurroundings
PartIV(Paras.10-11)
theclosedcyclicalprocessofecosphereandthelinearprocessoftechnosphere
PartV(Paras.12-14)
theconsistentandharmoniousnatureoftheecosphereascontrastedtotherapidchangeandvariationofthetechnosphere
PartVI.(Paras.15-16)
comparisonbetweentheconsequencesoffailureortheecosphereandthatofthetechnosphere
PartVII(Paras.17-21)
thedangeroftakingsideinthewarofthetwoworlds
PartVIII.(Paras.22-23)
Conclusion:
theauthoronceagainstressestheimportanceofunderstandingtheinterplayofthetwoworldsandonthebasisofthisunderstanding,makingitourtasktofindwaystomakepeacewiththeplanet.
Detailedstudyofthetext
PartI(Para.1)
Para.1
Thisfirstsentencehasalreadykeptusinsuspense.Whydopeopleliveintwoworlds,whatkindofworldsarethey,thisworldandthenext?
Couldwelivehereandthereatthesametime?
1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarethetwoworldsthatpeoplelivein?
●Thetwoworldsrefertothenaturalworldandtheworldofhumancreation,thatis,man-madeworld.
2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthesetwoworlds?
Howdopeoplethinkofthesetwoworlds?
●Thenaturalworldisbeyondhumancontrol.Generallywethinkthatweareresponsibleforeventsofourownworld,butnotforwhatoccursinthenaturalworld.
●Exemptfrom:
freefromanobligation,dutyorpayment
e.g.goodsexemptfromtax
Thehandicappedareexemptfrommilitaryservice.
Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?
Itservesasanintroduction.Inthispart,theauthorraisesthethemethatpeopleliveintwoworlds.
PartII(Paras.2-5)inparttwo,theauthorexplainswhythetwoworldsareatwar
Para.2
3.now,onaplanetaryscale,thisdivisionhasbeenbreached
●breach:
break,tomakeagapinawallsorbarrier,etc.
●Thisisatransitionalsentence,linkingupthefollowingpartwiththefirstparagraph.Italsoleadstofurtherexplanationoftheinteractionbetweenthetwoworlds.
●Globally,thedivisionbetweenthetwoworldshasbeenbroken.Theyarenolongerseparated.Theimpliedmeaningiswhathumansdointhetechnospherewillhaveeffectontheecosphere.
4.…evendroughts,floods,andheatwavesmaybecomeunwittingactsofman.
●Boththeholeinozonelayerandglobalwarmingareconsequencesofhumandeeds.Theyinturnwillcauseothernaturaldisasterslikedroughts,floodsandheatwaves.Inthissense,whatpeopledointhetechnospheremayunintentionallyhaveadverseeffectsontheecosphere.
●Doyouthinkitacorrectstatement?
Ifyes,couldyougiveanexampleofthiskind?
Forexample,inordertoreclaimland,ortogatherfirewood,peoplewouldcutdowntreesandbushes,thuscausingdeforestation.Withouttheprotectionofforests,therewillbefloods,droughtsandlandslides.Inhistory,ourloessplateauwasoncecoveredwiththickforestandthesoilwasfertile.Withforestgone,ithasturnedintoabarrenland
Para.3
5.LiketheCreation,theportendingglobaleventsarecosmic…
●toportend:
tobeanomenorwarningof
portending:
ominous,threatening
●globalevents:
refertoeventssuchastheholeintheozonelayerandglobalwarming
●likethecreationoftheuniverse,eventsthathappenontheearthmayhavevasteffects,especiallyontherelationshipbetweentheplanetearthandthesun
6.Thesun’spowerfulinfluenceontheearthisexertedbytwoforces
●exert:
touseorapplyaquality,skill,pressure,etc施加
e.g.heexertedallhisinfluencetomakethemaccepthisplan.
Sheexertedalotofpressureonherchildrentosucceed.
●Thesunexertsit’spowerfulinfluenceontheearththroughtwoforces.
7.Solarenergyfuelstheenergy-requiringprocessesoflife;itcreatestheplanet’sclimateandgovernsthegradualevolutionandthecurrentbehaviorofitshugeandvariedpopulationoflivingthings
●..solarenergyfuelstheenergy-requiringprocessesoflife…
Tofuel:
toprovidefuel,togivepowerto
Thephotosynthesisofplantsisacaseinpoint.
●Thecurrentbehaviorofmanyanimalsandplantsistheresultofclimatechangeovermillionsofyears.
8.Wehavebeentamperingwiththispowerfulforce,unaware,liketheSorcerer’sapprentice,ofthepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofouraction.
●tamperwithsth:
tointerferewithoraltersthwithoutauthority
●sorcerer’sapprentice:
seenote2.It’saninterestingfolklore.
●WhydoestheauthorsaythatwehavebeenbehavingliketheSorcerer’sApprentice?
---BecausewehavebeendoingthingswithoutknowingthattheymayhaveseriouseffectsontheplanetEarth
Para.4
9.WehavebecomeaccustomedtothenowmundaneimageoftheEarthasseenfrom….ismisleading.
●mundane:
commonplace,ordinary
●swirl:
v.(ofair,water,etc.)tomoveorflowwithtwistsandturnsandwithvaryingspeed.
Swirlofsth:
aswirlingmovementofsth
●fleecy:
oforlikethewoolcoatofasheeporgoat;softandlight
10.Eveniftheglobalwarmingcatastrophenevermaterializes,andtheozoneholeremainsanesoteric,polarphenomenon,alreadyhumanactivityhasprofoundlyalteredglobalconditionsinwaysthatmaynotregisteronthecamera
●esoteric:
adj.(fml)likelytobeunderstoodonlybypeoplewithaspecialknowledgeorinterest;mysterious,obscure;
●register:
becaptured,appearapparent
●humanactivityhasalreadygreatlychangedglobalconditionsinhidden/covertwaysthatarehardtodiscover
Thefollowingsentencegivesussupportingexamples:
radioactivityhaschangedglobalconditionsyetitishardtocaptureradioactivitywithacamera,right?
11.…noxiousflamesofsmogblanketovermajorcities…
●flame:
brightlight
●smog:
alow-lying,perceptiblelayerofpollutedair
●blanket:
tocoverwithathicklayer
12.…carcinogenicsyntheticpesticideshavebeendetestedinmother’smilkallovertheworld…
●carcinogenic:
causingorproducingcancer
●Testsofmother’smilkallovertheworldshowtheexistenceofsyntheticpesticidewhichmightcausecancer.Thisindicatesthatmothershaveeatenfoodwithresiduesofsyntheticpesticide.
13.…greatforestshavenbeencutdown,destroyingecologicalnichesandtheirresidentspecies.
●niche:
(biology)theconditionsinwhichaspeciescanlivesuccessfully
●ecologicalnichesandtheirresidentspecies:
生态小环境及生活在其中的物种。
Para.5
14.Clearly,weneedtounderstandtheinteractionbetweenourtwoworlds:
thenaturalecosphere,thethinglobalskinofair,water,andsoilandtheplantsandanimalsthatliveinit,andtheman-madetechnosphere---powerfulenoughtodeservesograndioseaterm.
●-sphere:
suffix.(formingns)aregionsurroundingaplanet,esptheEarth
●whatistheecosphere?
(生态圈)
Accordingtotheauthor,theecospherereferstoair,waterandsoilthatcovertheearthandtheplantsandanimalsthatliveinit.
15.thetechnospherehasbecomesufficientlylargeandintensetoalterthenaturalprocessesthatgoverntheecosphere
●Humanactivitieshavetakenplaceoversuchlargeareasandwithsuchintensitythattheyhavealreadycauseddisastrouseffectsonecology.
16.…catastrophicallydiminishingourabilitytoprovideforbasichumanneeds.
●Frequentnaturaldisasters(causedbyorworsenedbyhumandisruptionoftheecologicalsystem)havereducedourabilitytosatisfytheneedsofpeopleonearth.
17.Thehumanattackontheecospherehasinstigatedanecologicalcounterattack.Thetwoworldsareatwar.
●Thisisthethemeoftheessay.Itsumsuptheargumentsinthepreviousparagraphs.
●Instigate:
tomakesthbeginorhappen;initiate;touchoff;triggeroff;sparkoff
e.g.toinstigateastrike/anattack
Thepolicehaveinstigatedanofficialinquiryintotheincident
PartIII(Paras.6-9)
Thispartdealswiththefirslawoftheecosphereandthelawgoverningtherelationshipbetweenman-madeobjectsandthesurroundings
Para.6
18.Thetwos
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