Xen用户手册.docx
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Xen用户手册.docx
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Xen用户手册
用户手册
Xenv3.0
中译部份:
北南南北 etonyFromLinuxSir.Org
DISCLAIMER:
Thisdocumentationisalwaysunderactivedevelopmentandassuchtheremaybemistakesandomissions--watchoutfortheseandpleasereportanyyoufindtothedevelopers'mailinglist,xen-devel@.Thelatestversionisalwaysavailableon-line.Contributionsofmaterial,suggestionsandcorrectionsarewelcome.
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XenisCopyright©2002-2005,UniversityofCambridge,UK,XenSourceInc.,IBMCorp.,Hewlett-PackardCo.,IntelCorp.,AMDInc.,andothers.Allrightsreserved.
Xen是一个开源项目。
Xen的大多部分组件遵循GNUGPL通用公共许可证的第二版发布。
其它部份的组件在GNU次要通用公共许可证,Zope公共许可证2.0,或``BSD-style''许可下发布。
详情请见COPYING文件。
Xenisanopen-sourceproject.MostportionsofXenarelicensedforcopyingunderthetermsoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicense,version2.OtherportionsarelicensedunderthetermsoftheGNULesserGeneralPublicLicense,theZopePublicLicense2.0,orunder``BSD-style''licenses.PleaserefertotheCOPYINGfilefordetails.
XenincludessoftwarebyChristopherClark.Thissoftwareiscoveredbythefollowinglicence:
Xen包括ChristopherClark出品的软件。
它适用以下版权许可;
Copyright(c)2002,ChristopherClark.Allrightsreserved.
Redistributionanduseinsourceandbinaryforms,withorwithoutmodification,arepermittedprovidedthatthefollowingconditionsaremet:
∙Redistributionsofsourcecodemustretaintheabovecopyrightnotice,thislistofconditionsandthefollowingdisclaimer.
∙Redistributionsinbinaryformmustreproducetheabovecopyrightnotice,thislistofconditionsandthefollowingdisclaimerinthedocumentationand/orothermaterialsprovidedwiththedistribution.
∙Neitherthenameoftheoriginalauthor;northenamesofanycontributorsmaybeusedtoendorseorpromoteproductsderivedfromthissoftwarewithoutspecificpriorwrittenpermission.
THISSOFTWAREISPROVIDEDBYTHECOPYRIGHTHOLDERSANDCONTRIBUTORS"ASIS"ANDANYEXPRESSORIMPLIEDWARRANTIES,INCLUDING,BUTNOTLIMITEDTO,THEIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYANDFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSEAREDISCLAIMED.INNOEVENTSHALLTHECOPYRIGHTOWNERORCONTRIBUTORSBELIABLEFORANYDIRECT,INDIRECT,INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL,EXEMPLARY,ORCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES(INCLUDING,BUTNOTLIMITEDTO,PROCUREMENTOFSUBSTITUTEGOODSORSERVICES;LOSSOFUSE,DATA,ORPROFITS;ORBUSINESSINTERRUPTION)HOWEVERCAUSEDANDONANYTHEORYOFLIABILITY,WHETHERINCONTRACT,STRICTLIABILITY,ORTORT(INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCEOROTHERWISE)ARISINGINANYWAYOUTOFTHEUSEOFTHISSOFTWARE,EVENIFADVISEDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCHDAMAGE.
目录
∙
o1.介绍
▪1.1UsageScenarios(应用范围)
▪1.2OperatingSystemSupport(操作系统支持)
▪1.3HardwareSupport(硬件支持)
▪1.4StructureofaXen-BasedSystem(基于Xen的操作系统架构)
▪1.5History(历史)
▪1.6What'sNew(最新特性)
∙1Installation(安装)
o2.BasicInstallation(基本安装)
▪2.1Prerequisites(先决条件)
▪2.2InstallingfromBinaryTarball(通过二进制软件安装)
▪2.3InstallingfromRPMs(通过RPM包安装)
▪2.4InstallingfromSource(通过源码包安装)
▪2.5Configuration(配置)
▪2.6BootingXen启动Xen
o3.BootingaXenSystem启动一个Xen系统
▪3.1BootingDomain0从Domain0开始引导
▪3.2BootingGuestDomains从客户端Domain引导
▪3.3Starting/StoppingDomainsAutomatically自动启动/停止Domain
∙2ConfigurationandManagement(配置和管理工具)
o4.DomainManagementTools(Domain管理工具)
▪4.1Xend
▪4.2Xm
o5.DomainConfiguration(Domain配置)
▪5.1ConfigurationFiles(配置文件)
▪5.2NetworkConfiguration(网络配置)
▪5.3DriverDomainConfigurationDomain(驱动配置)
o6.StorageandFileSystemManagement(存储和文件系统)
▪6.1ExportingPhysicalDevicesasVBDs(物理设备做为VBD)
▪6.2UsingFile-backedVBDs(用文件做为VBD)
▪6.3UsingLVM-backedVBDs(用LVM做为VBD)
▪6.4UsingNFSRoot用NFS (用NFS做为VBD)
o7.CPUManagement(CPU管理)
o8.MigratingDomains(迁移Domain)
▪8.1DomainSaveandRestore(Domain的存储和恢复)
▪8.2MigrationandLiveMigration(迁移和场景迁移)
o9.SecuringXen(安全应用Xen)
▪9.1XenSecurityConsiderations(Xen的安全策略)
▪9.2DriverDomainSecurityConsiderations(驱动Domain安全策略)
▪9.3SecurityScenarios(安全情况)
∙3Reference(参考)
o10.BuildandBootOptions(编译和引导选项)
▪10.1Top-levelConfigurationOptions(高级配置选项)
▪10.2XenBuildOptions(Xen编译选项)
▪10.3XenBootOptions(Xen引导选项)
▪10.4XenLinuxBootOptions(XenLinux引导选项)
o11.FurtherSupport(未来支持)
▪11.1OtherDocumentation(其它文档)
▪11.2OnlineReferences(在线参考)
▪11.3MailingLists(邮件列表)
oA.Unmodified(VMX)guestdomainsinXenwithIntel®VirtualizationTechnology(VT)
▪A.1BuildingXenwithVTsupport(在VT的支持下编译Xen)
▪A.2ConfigurationfileforunmodifiedVMXguests
▪A.3Creatingvirtualdisksfromscratch(从Scratch创建虚拟硬盘)
▪A.4VMXGuests
oB.Vnets-DomainVirtualNetworking(Vnet-Domain虚拟网络)
▪B.1Example(实例)
▪B.2Installingvnetsupport(安装vnet支持)
oC.GlossaryofTerms(术语表)
=10000=100001.1
1.Introduction(介绍)
Xenisanopen-sourcepara-virtualizingvirtualmachinemonitor(VMM),or``hypervisor'',forthex86processorarchitecture.Xencansecurelyexecutemultiplevirtualmachinesonasinglephysicalsystemwithclose-to-nativeperformance.Xenfacilitatesenterprise-gradefunctionality,including:
Xen是一个开放源代码的para-virtualizing虚拟机(VMM),或“管理程序”,是为x86架构的机器而设计的。
Xen可以在一套物理硬件上安全的执行多个虚拟机
∙Virtualmachineswithperformanceclosetonativehardware.(虚拟机的性能更接近真实硬件环境)
∙Livemigrationofrunningvirtualmachinesbetweenphysicalhosts.(在真实物理环境的平台和虚拟平台间自由切换)
∙Upto32virtualCPUsperguestvirtualmachine,withVCPUhotplug.(在每个客户虚拟机支持到32个虚拟CPU,通过VCPU热插拔)
∙x86/32,x86/32withPAE,andx86/64platformsupport.(x86/32,支持PAE指令集的x86/32,x86/64平台)
∙IntelVirtualizationTechnology(VT-x)forunmodifiedguestoperatingsystems(includingMicrosoftWindows).(通过Intel虚拟支持VT的支持来用虚拟原始操作系统(未经修改的)支持(包括MicrosoftWindows)
∙Excellenthardwaresupport(supportsalmostallLinuxdevicedrivers).(优秀的硬件支持.支持几乎所有的Linux设备驱动)
1.1UsageScenarios(应用范围)
UsagescenariosforXeninclude:
Xen的应用范围包括:
ServerConsolidation.(服务器整合)
Movemultipleserversontoasinglephysicalhostwithperformanceandfaultisolationprovidedatthevirtualmachineboundaries.
在虚拟机范围内,在一台物理主机上安装多个服务器,用于演示及故障隔绝。
HardwareIndependence.(无硬件依赖)
Allowlegacyapplicationsandoperatingsystemstoexploitnewhardware.(允许应用程序和操作系统对新硬件的移值测试)
MultipleOSconfigurations.(多操作系统配置)
Runmultipleoperatingsystemssimultaneously,fordevelopmentortestingpurposes.(以开发和测试为目的,同时运行多个操作系统)
KernelDevelopment.(内核开发)
Testanddebugkernelmodificationsinasand-boxedvirtualmachine--noneedforaseparatetestmachine.(在虚拟机的沙盒中,做内核的测试和调试,无需为了测试而半独架设一台独立的机器)
ClusterComputing.(集群运算)
ManagementatVMgranularityprovidesmoreflexibilitythanseparatelymanagingeachphysicalhost,butbettercontrolandisolationthansingle-systemimagesolutions,particularlybyusinglivemigrationforloadbalancing. (和单独的管理每个物理主机相比较,在VM级管理更加灵活,在负载均衡方面,更易于控制,和隔离).
HardwaresupportforcustomOSes.(为客户操作系统提供硬件技术支持)
AllowdevelopmentofnewOSeswhilebenefitingfromthewide-ranginghardwaresupportofexistingOSessuchasLinux.(可以开发新的操作系统,以得益于现存操作系统的广泛硬件支持,比如Linux.)
1.2OperatingSystemSupport(操作系统支持)
Para-virtualizationpermitsveryhighperformancevirtualization,evenonarchitectureslikex86thataretraditionallyveryhardtovirtualize.
ThisapproachrequiresoperatingsystemstobeportedtorunonXen.PortinganOStorunonXenissimilartosupportinganewhardwareplatform,howevertheprocessissimplifiedbecausethepara-virtualmachinearchitectureisverysimilartotheunderlyingnativehardware.EventhoughoperatingsystemkernelsmustexplicitlysupportXen,akeyfeatureisthatuserspaceapplicationsandlibrariesdonotrequiremodification.
WithhardwareCPUvirtualizationasprovidedbyIntelVTandAMDSVMtechnology,theabilitytorunanunmodifiedguestOSkernelisavailable.NoportingoftheOSisrequired,althoughsomeadditionaldriversupportisnecessarywithinXenitself.Unliketraditionalfullvirtualizationhypervisors,whichsufferatremendousperformanceoverhead,thecombinationofXenandVTorXenandPacificatechnologycomplementoneanothertooffersuperbperformanceforpara-virtualizedguestoperatingsystemsandfullsupportforunmodifiedguestsrunningnativelyontheprocessor.FullsupportforVTandPacificachipsetswillappearinearly2006.
ParavirtualizedXensupportisavailableforincreasinglymanyoperatingsystems:
currently,matureLinuxsupportisavailableandincludedinthestandarddistribution.OtherOSports--includingNetBSD,FreeBSDandSolarisx86v10--arenearingcompletion.
1.3HardwareSupport(硬件支持)
Xencurrentlyrunsonthex86architecture,requiringa``P6''ornewerprocessor(e.g.PentiumPro,Celeron,Pentium II,Pentium III,Pentium IV,Xeon,AMD Athlon,AMD Duron).Multiprocessormachinesaresupported,andthereissupportforHyperThreading(SMT).Inaddition,portstoIA64andPowerarchitecturesareinprogress.Xen
目前运行在x86架构的机器上,需要P6或更新的处理器(比如PentiumPro,Celeron,Pentium II,Pentium III,Pentium IV,Xeon,AMD Athlon,AMD Duron)。
支持多处理器,并且支持超线程(SMT)。
另外对IA64和Power架构的开发也在进行中。
Thedefault32-bitXensupportsupto4GBofmemory.HoweverXen3.0addssupportforIntel'sPhysicalAddressingExtensions(PAE),whichenablex86/32machinestoaddressupto64GBofphysicalmemory.Xen3.0alsosupportsx86/64platformssuchasIntelEM64TandAMDOpteronwhichcancurrentlyaddressupto1TBofphysicalmemory.
32位Xen支持最大4GB内存。
可是Xen3.0为Intel处理器物理指令集(PAE)提供支持,这样就能使x86/32架构的机器支持到64GB的物理内存。
Xen3.0也能支持x86/64平台支持,比如IntelEM64T和AMDOpteron能支持1TB的物理内存以上;
XenoffloadsmostofthehardwaresupportissuestotheguestOSrunningintheD
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