选词填空专项训练精选.docx
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选词填空专项训练精选.docx
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选词填空专项训练精选
ThedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobviousundertheconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfoundatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerandfillittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebuttendstodiffusethroughoutthe__1__available;itmustthereforebekeptinaclosedcontainerorheldbyagravitationalfield,asinthe__2__ofaplanet'satmosphere.Thedistinctionwasa__3__featureofearlytheoriesdescribingthephasesofmatter.Inthenineteenthcentury,forexample,onetheorymaintainedthataliquidcouldbe"dissolved"inavaporwithoutlosingitsidentity,andanothertheory__4__thatthetwophasesaremadeupofdifferentkindsofmolecules.Thetheoriesnowprevailingtakeaquitedifferentapproachbyemphasizingwhatliquidsandgaseshavein__5__Theyarebothformsofmatterthathaveno__6__structure,andtheybothflowreadily.
Thefundamentalsimilarityofliquidsandgasesbecomesclearlyapparentwhenthetemperatureandpressureare__7__somewhat.Supposeaclosedcontainer__8__filledwithaliquidisheated.Theliquidexpands,orinotherwordsbecomeslessdense;someofitevaporates.Incontrast,thevaporabovetheliquidsurfacebecomesdenserastheevaporatedmoleculesare__9__toit.Thecombinationoftemperatureandpressureatwhichthedensitiesbecome__10__iscalledthecriticalpoint.
A.addedB.caseC.prominentD.held
E.equalF.partiallyG.exampleH.previous考试大论坛
I.spaceJ,liftedK.permanentL.particularly
M.extendedN.raised0.common
I.I2.B3.C4.D5.O6.K7.N8.F9.A10.E
Likemostparents,geologistBrainAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter'ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern;Thepublicschoolshe___1___inSeattlehasunreinforcedbrickwalls,a___2___beingeasytocollapseduringearthquakes.Thesame___3___ofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.
Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefound___4___signsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforadestructiveshockinthenearfuture.
AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedthe___5___uncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeed___6___thisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.
What'sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldshaketheregion's___7___centerswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseem___8___incomparison.
"Ithinkit'squitetruetosaythatnothinghasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,"saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward.Atthemeeting,Somervilleandhiscolleagues___9___estimatesofthedegreeofshaking.PortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringsucha___10___earthquake.
A.massiveB.recentlyC.constructionD.displayed
E.relativelyF.attendsG.typeH.strike
I.structureJ.participatesK.excessiveL.mild
M.disturbingN.population0.presented
1.F2.C3.G4.M5.B6.H7.N8.L9.O10.A
Sugarissomuchapartofourmodernlifethatweonlyreallythinkaboutitwhen,forsome___1___,wecannotobtainit.Ithasbeenknowntomanforatleast3,000years,buthas___2___intocommonuseonlyin___3___times.Untilquiterecentlyitwasconsideredasamedicineandasaluxuryfortheveryrichonly.
Sugaris,then,___4___toourcivilization.Butwhat___5___isit?
Ofcourse,mostofusrecognizesugarimmediatelyasthesweetmaterialwhichweputincoffeeorcakes.Thiscommonformofsugarisderivedfromtwoplants:
thesugarcane(atypeofgrasswhichgrowstoaheightoftwentyfeet)andthesugarbeet(whichgrowsunderground).Butthereareinfactmanytypesofsugar,andthechemistrecognizeshundredsofdifferent___6___,eachcomingfromadifferentsource.
About90%ofthesugarisproducedasfood.Only10%isusedinindustryfor___7___otherthanfoodproduction.Yetsugarhasgreatpossibilitiesforuseasthebasisofchemicals.Itcanevenbeusedformakingplastics.Inthefuturethesepotentialuseswillcertainlybedevelopedmorethaninthepast.
Therearemanyreasonswhyweshould___8___theproductionofsugar.Mostimportantisthatitisoneofthemosthighlyconcentratedofenergyfoods.
Thussugarcaneandbeetproduceanaverageof7,000,000caloriesperacre.Inthiswaytheyhavetheadvantageoverpotatoeswhichgiveonly4,000,000,whilethe___9___forwheatandbeansis2,000,000each.Sothreeacresoflandgrowingwheat,beansandpotatoesgiveonly___10__moreenergythanoneacreofsugar.
A.slightlyB.intentionC.reasonD.modern
E.stronglyF.figureG.comeH.significant
I.exactlyJ.increaseK.proposalsL.turn
M.purposesN.varietiesO.serious
I.C2.G3.D4.H5.I6.N7.M8.J9.F10.A
Duringthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,migrationshavetakenplacewithin__1__countries;thecitieswiththeirindustrieshaveattractedpeopleawayfromthecountry.Thepossibilityofearningafixed__2__inafactoryorofficewasmoreattractivethanthepossibilityofstayingonthefarmandhavingone'swork__3__byfrost,storms,ordroughts.Furthermore,thedevelopmentofagriculturalmachinerymadeitpossibleforfewerpeopletodothesame__4__ofwork.
Thus,atthesametimewhentheindustrialrevolutionmadeitpossibletoproducegoodsmore__5__andmorequicklyinfactories,agriculturalrevolutionalsotookplace.Insteadofleavingfieldsemptyeverythirdyear,farmersbegantoplantcloverorsomeothercropthatwould__6__thesoil.Insteadofusingonlyanimalfertilizer,farmersbegantousechemicalfertilizerstokeepthesoilrich.ThesemethodshaveenabledFrenchfarmers,forexample,togetfivetimesasmuchwheataswas__7__fromthesamelandtwocenturiesago.
Inmanycountriesfarmersfinditmore__8__toraiseonlyonecroporonekindofanimal.Theychoosethekindthatgivesthebestresults.Thentheysellallthattheyproduce,insteadoftryingtogrowalittleofeverythingandconsumewhattheygrow.Thisisamorefeasibletypeof__9__becausemodernmethodsandmachineryareadaptedtospecificanimalsandspecificcrops.Therefore,itwouldbetooexpensivetodoalltheworkbyhand,ortobuythe__10__neededforseveraldifferentkindsoffarming.
A.salaryE.desertedI.equivalentM.destroyed
B.freelyF.operationJ.enrichN.certain
C.profitableG.amountK.fruitfulO.cheaply
D.obtainedH.paymentL.equipment
1.N2.A3.M4.G5.O6.J7.D8.C9.F10.L
ScientistsatSussexUniversityappeartobeonthewayto___1___howthemosquito,carrierofdiseasessuchasmalariaandyellowfever,homesinonitstarget.Theproblemisthattheyhavefoundthatthebestwaytoavoidbeingbittenis:
stopbreathing,stopsweating,andkeepdownthetemperatureofyourimmediatesurroundings.__2__thefirstsuggestionisimpossibleandtheothersverydifficult.
Scientistshavefoundthattherearethree___3___stagesinamosquito'sassault.Stageoneisatfiftyfeetaway,whentheinsectfirstsmellsamanoraanimalto___4___.Stagetwoisthoughttocomeintooperationabouttwenty-fivefeetfromthetarget,whentheinsectbecomesguidedbythecarbondioxidebreathedoutbytheintendedvictim.Stagethreeiswhenthemosquitoisonlyamatterofinchesfromits___5___thewarmthandmoisturegivenoffbythevictimisthefinalclue.
Theresearchersthen*___6___howrepellentsinterferewithitsthree-stageattack.Theyfoundrepellentsactmoresubtlythanbyjustgivingoffanastysmell.ACanadianresearchersaysthatrepellentsappearto___7___mosquitoesfirstwhenitisfollowingthecarbondioxideandsecondduringthefinalapproach,wherethewarmthandmoisturearetheinsect's___8___.
Airpervadedbyoneofthemanychemicalrepellentsstopsthemosquitoreactingtothevictim'scarbondioxide,andtherepellentseemstoaffectthetinyhairswithwhichtheinsectsensesmoistureintheair.Thesensorsareblockedsothatthe___9___doesnotknowwhetheritisflyingthroughamoistcurrent,orthesensorsaremadetosendthe___10___signals.
A.examinedB.animalC.wrongD.insect
E.biteF.UnfortunatelyG.inventingH.distinct
I.preyJ.guideK.checkedL.definite
M.UnnecessarilyN.confuseO.discovering
1.O2.F3.H4.E5.I6.A7.N8.J9.D10.C
TheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesafter1952wastheeconomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despite__1__alarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedina__2__ofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950's,maybetypicalas__3__therapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwas__4__at10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufactureswasabout40percentmorethanithad__5__intheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarI.Thecountry'sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincome__6__forspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundthe__7__.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalit
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