定语从句全解.docx
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定语从句全解.docx
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定语从句全解
定语从句-全解
I.定义:
定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,定语可由单词、短语来充当。
当用一个句子来充当名词或代词的修饰语时,这种起定语作用的句子就被称为定语从句。
Theyhaveacleverson.
Doyouknowthemanoverthere?
Iknowthemanwhowrotethebook.
II.要点:
1.定语从句的前面都有先行词(被修饰语)
Thisistheboywhomwearelookingfor
2.定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后
3.先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词(有时可省略)
4.关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分
Thegirlwhoisstandingunderthetreeismysister.
Themanwhomyouwanttoseehascome.
III.关系词基本用法
主格
宾格
所有格
人
who
whom
whose
物
which
which
ofwhich
但that一般可用来代替who,whom,which,作宾格时可省略
Doyouremembertheteacherthat/whotaughtusEnglish?
Abookstoreisastorethat/whichsellsbooks.
Theman(that/whom/who)youknowisafamousprofessor.
A)that不能用来替代who,whom,which的两种情况
1)“介词+whom/which”的结构中,不能用that
Sheisagoodstudentfromwhomweshouldlearn.
2)在非限制性定语从句中,逗号后面不能用that
Shesanganewsong,whichwelikeverymuch.
注意:
非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略
B)用that不用which的一些特殊情况
1)先行词为all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
2)先行词前有形容词最高级修饰
ThisisthemostexcitingreportthatIhaveeverread.
3)先行词前有first,last,next,only,very,all,any等词修饰
Thefirststep(that)wearetotakeisverydifficult.
4)先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时,用that不用which,也不用who/whom
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthebooksthatinterestedhim.
C)关系副词when,where,why
用关系副词when时,它的先行词是表示时间的名词,用where时先行词是表示地点的名词,而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason,使用时应注意以下几点:
1)关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分
ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.
Thisisthecity(which/that)hehasvisited
Idon’tknowthereasonwhysheislate.
Thatisthereason(which/that)everybodyknows
Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenhearrived?
Doyoustillremembertheday(that/which)wespenttogether?
2)关系副词when,where,why可由“介词+which”的结构来替代
Isthisthereasonforwhichtheycame?
HeleftthedayonwhichIcame.
注意:
how不能用来引导定语从句
Thisisthewayhowhedidit.
D)As作关系代词的用法
与thesame,such连用
ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.
SuchbooksasIhavereadareclassicalworks.
练习:
1.Thebook______isyellowwasgiventomebyMr.Li.
A)it’scoverC)whosecover
B)itscoverD)thecoverofthat
2.Whowasthegrey-hairedoldwoman______atyesterday’smeeting?
A)wesawherC)wesaw
B)wesawwhomD)shewasseen
3.Hemakesgooduseofthetime______hecanspare.
A)whenC)that
B)inthatD)inwhich
4.Idon’tknowtheroom______
A)whereourheadmasterlivesin
B)ourheadmasterlivesin
C)inthatourheadmasterlives
D)inwhichdoesourheadmasterlive
5.Thisistheleastinterestingbook______
A)whichIhaveeverreadC)whatIhaveeverread
B)IhaveeverreadD)whichIhaveeverread
6.Youmustdoeverything_____Ihavetoldyouto.
A)whichB)thatC)whenD)how
7.Hasall_____canbedone_____?
A)what/doneC)that/beendone
B)that/bedoneD)what/alreadydone
8.Oct.1,1949istheday_____evenasmallchildcanwellremember.
A)whenB)thatC)whatD)why
9.Thatwastheroom______theypretendedtobeworkinghard.
A)whichB)inthatC)inwhichD)that
10.Thisisthereason______Ilovetoreadthestory.
A)WhyB)becauseC)whenD)since
11.Shehadthreesons,all______becamedoctors.
A)ofwhichB)whichC)ofwhomD)who
12.Haveyouboughtthesamedictionary______Ireferredtoyesterday?
A)thatB)whichC)whatD)as
13.Thedoctor______steppedin.
A)Dellawaswaitingforhim
B)whomDellawaswaiting
C)Dellawaswaitingfor
D)whoDellawaswaiting
14.Iwanttobuysuchadictionary_____youboughtlastweek.
A)thatB)whatC)likeD)as
15.ThisistheTVstation______wevisitedlastyear.
A)WhereB)thatC)towhichD)inwhich
16.Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespenttogetherinAustralia?
A)whenB)duringwhichC)whichD)onwhich
17.Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason_____mayexplainhisabsence?
A)whyB)whenC)thatD)what
18.MaryisgoodatEnglishandmathematics,______weallknowverywellinourschool.
A)thatB)whatC)/D)as
19.Let’sgoandvisitMr.Brown,______youknowvisiteduslastyear.
A)thatB)whoC)whomD)whose
20.Sheispleasedwith______youhavegivenherand______youhavetoldher.
A)that/thatB)what/thatC)what/allwhatD)all/what
21.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.
A)beB)amC)areD)is
22.I’llrememberthedaysandnights______weweretogetherinAustralia.
A)whenB)thatC)atwhichD)atwhen
23.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.
A)inthatweliveC)onwhichwelive
B)whereweliveinD)welivein
24.Thisisthemostdifficultbook______.
A)whatIhaveeverreadC)whichIhaveeverread
B)IhaveeverreaditD)thatIhaveeverread
25.Therecomesatimeineveryman’slife______.
A)thenhehastothinkC)whenhehastothink
B)thereforehehastothinkD)aboutwhichhehastothink
26.Hespokeconfidently,_____impressedmemost.
A)sothatB)thatC)itD)which
27.Hetookdownasquaregreenbottle,_____hepouredintoadish.
A)itscontentB)whichcontentC)thecontentofwhichD)thecontentofthat
28.Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner_____shehadpromisedus.
A)thatB)whichC)asD)what
29.All_____isacontinuoussupplyofthebasicnecessitiesoflife.
A)whatisneededB)forourneedsC)thethingneededD)thatisneeded
30.Thegoals_____hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.
A)afterwhichB)forwhichC)withwhichD)atwhich
31.Thetimeisnotfaraway_____moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.
A)whenB)asC)untilD)before
32.Theresidents,_____hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.
A)allwhosehomesB)alltheirhomes
C)allofwhosehomesD)alloftheirhomes
33.Languageisacity,tothebuildingof_____everyhumanbeingbroughtastone.
A)whichB)thatC)itD)this
34.Youwillwanttwotreesabouttenfeetapart,from_____tosuspendyourtent.
A)thereB)themC)whereD)which
35.Themerefact_____mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.
A)whatB)whichC)thatD)why
36.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,_____uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
A)ofwhomB)forwhomC)withwhichD)inwhich
37.I’veneverbeentoBeijing,butit’stheplace_____.
A)whereI’dliketovisitB)Imostwanttovisit
C)inwhichI’dliketovisitD)thatIwanttovisititmost
38.Wegrowallourownfruitandvegetables,_____savesmoney,ofcourse.
A)whichB)asC)thatD)what
39.Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway_____.
A)natureisbeingruinedB)whichnatureisruined
C)onwhichtoruinnatureD)ofnaturetoberuined
英语关系副词用法说明
一、关系副词的特点
关系副词用于引出定语从句,英语的关系副词主要有when,where,why三个。
如:
Sundayisthedaywhenveryfewpeoplegotowork.星期日是没什么人上班的日子。
That’sthereasonwhyhedislikesme.这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
DoyouknowashopwhereIcanfindsandals?
你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗?
注:
关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。
关系副词when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。
二、使用关系副词应注意的几点
1.how不能用作关系副词,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于theway后表示方式:
他说话就是那个样子。
误:
Thisisthewayhowhespoke.
正:
Thisishowhespoke./Thisistheway(that,inwhich)hespoke.
2.关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,但why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句,可用forwhichreason)。
3.引导定语从句时,when的先行词为时间,where的先行词为地点,why的先行词为原因(主要是thereason),但是反过来却不一定。
如:
Don’tforgetthetime(that)I’vetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
Doyouknowthehouse(that)heboughtrecently?
你知道他最近买的那座房子吗?
Pleasetellmethereason(that)youknow.请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
关系副词用法小归纳
■when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词;在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价),其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。
如:
1988wastheyearwhenhewasborn.1988是他的出生年。
句中的whenhewasborn为修饰theyear的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于inwhich。
表示在某一年,英语习惯上用介词in,如in1988,in2008等,所以此处用inwhich。
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
句中的whenIfirstmetyou为修饰theday的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于onwhich。
表示在某一天,英语习惯上用介词on,如onthatday,onFriday等,所以此处用onwhich。
Don’tforgetthetimewhentheweddingwillstart.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。
句中的whentheweddingwillstart为修饰thetime的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于atwhich。
表示在某一时刻,英语习惯上用介词at,如atthattime,atthemoment等,所以此处用atwhich。
■where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语,表示地点,用以修饰表示地点的先行词;在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价),其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。
如:
Whatisthenameofthetownwhereyoulive?
你住的那个城市叫什么名字?
句中的whereyoulive为修饰thetown的定语从句,关系副词where在此相当于inwhich。
表示在住在某城市,英语习惯上说明liveinacity,所以此处用atwhich。
Thiscrossmarksthespotwhereshedied.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的whereshedied为修饰thespot的定语从句,关系副词where在此相当于atwhich。
表示在在某一地点,英语习惯上说明ataspot,所以此处用atwhich。
关系副词when主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
如:
Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.这就是他出生的村子。
That’sthehotelwherewewerestayinglastsummer.这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
BarbarywasworkinginAubury,whereshewentdailyinabus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that,which等。
如:
Heworksinafactorythat[which]makesTVsets.他在一家电视机厂工作。
关系代词that/which在定语从句中用作主语。
另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。
如:
Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。
Therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。
Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
Idon’twantajobwhereI’mchainedtoadeskallday.我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。
关系代词where与fromwhere有何区别
where用作关系副词引导定语从句时,由于它本身在
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