中考英语动词的语态专项复习.docx
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中考英语动词的语态专项复习.docx
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中考英语动词的语态专项复习
中考英语动词的语态专项复习
中考英语动词的语态专项复习
(一)用法梳理以及针对性练习
被动语态
(一)
各个时态的被动语态
1.被动语态的用法:
当说话者强调的是动作本身,且没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时,常使用被动语态。
被动语态可避免提及动作的执行者,这样有利于对观点的陈述。
在被动语态中,句子的主语是动作的承受者。
2.八种时态的主动变被动形式:
1)一般现在时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+is/are+过去分词
Wekeepthebutterinthefridge.=>Thebutteriskeptinthefridge.
2)一般过去时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+was/were+过去分词
Janepaintedapicture.=>ApicturewaspaintedbyJane.
3)一般将来时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+willbe+过去分词
Theteacherwillallowyoutoleaveearly.=>Youwillbeallowedtoleaveearly.
4)过去将来时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+wouldbe+过去分词
Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.=>1wassurehewouldbepunished.
5)现在进行时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)十is/arebeing+过去分词
Heisrepairingmybike.=>Mybikeisbeingrepairedbyhim.
6)过去进行时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+was/werebeing十过去分词
Hewasmakingamodelplane.=>Amodelplanewasbeingmadebyhim.
7)现在完成时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+has/havebeen+过去分词
Theyhavecaughtthethief.=>Thethiefhasbeencaught.
8)过去完成时的被动语态:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+hadbeen+过去分词
Theytoldmethatpeoplehadsenthimtothehospital.=>Theytoldmethathehadbeensenttothehospital.
3.情态动词can,may,must的被动形式:
情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。
1)情态动词can的主动变被动:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)十canbe+过去分词
Wecanusecoaltoproduceelectricity.=>Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricity.
2)情态动词may的主动变被动:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+maybe+过去分词
Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.=>Anewschoolmaybeopenednextyear.
3)情态动词must的主动变被动:
主语(主动语态中的宾语)+mustbe过去分词
Youmustdothehomeworkcarefully.=>Thehomeworkmustbedonecarefully.
【技能点睛】
不及物动词(如appear,die,disappear,happen,rise)和状态动词(如become,cost,contain,fail,have,last,looklike)不能构成被动语态。
EXERCISES
1.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1)Water(cover)mostoftheEarth'ssurface.
2)MostoftheEarth'ssurface(cover)bywater.
3)Theletter(post)aweekagoandit(arrive)yesterday.
4)Jack'sparents(die)whenhewasveryyoung.Heandhissister(bringup)bytheirgrandparents.
5)IwasborninBeijingbutI(grow)upinShanghai.
6)WhileIwasonholiday,mycamera(steal)frommyhotelroom.
7)Acinemaisaplacewherefilms(show).
8)Allthewindowsofthebuilding(damage)inastormafewdaysago.
2.根据括号中的提示,用被动语态形式提问:
1)Askaboutthetelephone.(wheninvent)
2)Askaboutthehouse.(whenbuild)
3)Askaboutthetable.(whatusedfor)
4)Askaboutthewine.(whatmakefrom)
5)Askaboutthephotos.(wheretake)
3.选择最佳答案填空
1)—Henry,you______________onthephone.
—Oh,.Thankyou.
A.arewanted;IcomeB.arewanted;I'mcoming
C.arebeingwanted;IcomeD.arewanting;I'mcoming
2)—Whatanicewatchitis!
—It'smybirthdaypresent.ItinJapan.
A.makeB.makesC.ismakingD.ismade
3)Studentsslipperswhentheyareatschool,
A.don'tallowtowearB.arenotallowedtowear
C.arenotallowedtoputonD.arenotallowedwearing
4)—Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessSue,too.
—YoumeanifSuecomesyou'llcome.
A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited
5)—Iwanttoknowwhenhaveafieldtrip.
—We'llhaveitwhenallthework.
A.youare;willfinishB.youwill;finishes
C.youwill;isfinishedD.youwill;isfinish
6)Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.
A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof
7)ThedoctorlookedoverPetercarefullyafterhetothehospital.
A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken
【Keys】
1.1)covers2)iscovered
3)wasposted,arrived
4)died,werebroughtup5)grew
6)wasstolen
7)areshown8)weredamaged
2.1)Whenwasthetelephoneinvented?
2)Whenwasthehousebuilt?
3)Whatwas/isthetableusedfor?
4)Whatis/wasthewinemadefrom?
5)Wherewerethephotostaken?
3.1)B2)D3)B4)D5)C6)D7)D
被动语态
(二)
主动变被动应注意的几个问题
1.带复合宾语的句子如何改为被动语态:
1)将带复合宾语的句子改为被动语态时,把主动结构中的宾语改成主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。
Wealwayskeeptheclassroom(宾语)clean(宾语补足语).我们经常使教室保持干净。
→Theclassroom(原宾语)isalwayskeptclean.
Ifindthebook(宾语)veryinteresting(宾语补足语).我发现这本书很有趣。
→Thebook(原宾语)isfoundveryinteresting.
2)下列动词后接动词作宾语补足语时应省去to,若改为被动语态,to必须还原。
感到feel;听hear,listento;使,让make;看see,lookat,watch,notice
Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.我经常听见他唱歌。
→Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.
Hemademeworkallday.他让我整天工作。
→Iwasmadetoworkallday.
2.带双宾语的句子如何改为被动语态:
带双宾语的句子改为被动语态时,通常将间接宾语改成主语,而直接宾语保留下来。
有时也可把直接宾语改为主语,间接宾语前加上to或for。
主动:
Wegavehim(间接宾语)awarmwelcome(直接宾语).我们热烈欢迎他。
→He(原间接宾语)wasgivenawarmwelcome(直接宾语).
→Awarmwelcome(原直接宾语)wasgiventohim(间接宾语).
主动:
Mymothermademe(间接宾语)anewdress(直接宾语).母亲给我做了件新衣。
→I(原间接宾语)wasmadeanewdress.(直接宾语).
→Anewdress(原直接宾语)wasmadeforme(间接宾语).
下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时,间接宾语前加to:
award授予bring带来give给hand交给leave遗赠
lend借出mail寄给offer提供pass传给pay支付给
下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时,间接宾语前加for:
boil煮沸book预订bring带来build建筑buy买
make制作order订购pick摘prepare准备reach够取
3.带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态的两个句型:
①宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语的过去分词+宾语从句谓语的不定式
②It+be+主句谓语的过去分词+that+原宾语从句
Peoplesaysheknowsfivelanguages.人们说他懂5种语言。
→Sheissaidtoknowfivelanguages.
→Itissaidthatsheknowsfivelanguages.
WebelievethebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.我们相信这书已被翻译成英语。
→ThebookisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.
→ItisbelievedthatthebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.
EXERCISES
1.将下列句子改为被动语态:
1)Somebodyhascleanedtheroom.
2)Theyhaveputoffthemeeting.
3)Somebodyisusingthecomputeratthemoment.
4)Theyarebuildinganewroadaroundthecity.
5)Youcanfinishtheseexercises.
2.根据汉语意思完成下列句子:
1)这本书写得很好。
Thebook____________________________________________.
2)我的新自行车昨天被偷了。
Mynewbike_________________________________________.
3)我听说这儿要新建一座博物馆。
Ihearanewmuseum___________________________________.
4)所有这些问题都必须回答。
Allthesequestionsmust_________________________________.
5)人们给他一本新书。
(两种译法)
He____________________.Anewbook____________________.
3.选择最佳答案填空:
1)Thepizzabymymother.Wouldyouliketohavesome?
A.makesB.wasmakingC.madeD.wasmade
2)—DidJackcometoourpartyyesterday?
—No,he.
A.wasn'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.isn'tinvitedD.hasn'tinvited
3)—Thesebananaslookdifferentandtheyaresweet.
—Right.TheyherefromTaiwanyesterday.
A.wasbroughtB.werebroughtC.bringD.arebrought
4)—Whoisthelittleboyinthepicture?
—It'sme.Thepicture10yearsago.
A.tookB.istakenC.hastakenD.wastaken
5)—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?
Theyareallreadytostart.
—I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.
A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold
6)Therecorderyesterday.ItworksOKnow.
A.repairedB.wasrepairedC.hasrepairedD.willberepaired
7)Manyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.
A.pulldownB.willbepulleddown
C.willpulldownD.arepulleddown
【Keys】
1.1)Theroomhasbeencleaned.
2)Themeetinghasbeenputoff.
3)Thecomputerisbeingusedatthemoment.
4)Anewroadisbeingbuiltaroundthecity.
5)Theseexercisescanbefinished.
2.1)iswellwritten2)wasstolenyesterday
3)willbebuilthere4)beanswered
5)wasgivenanewbook;wasgiventohim.
3.1)D2)A3)B4)D5)D6)B7)B
强化练习
I.Choosethebestanswer.
()1.AtoymonkeytothechildasapresentonChristmasDaylastyear.
A.gaveB.isgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgiving
()2.Insomeplaces,littletomakesmokeclean.
A.doesB.isdoneC.hasdoneD.isdoing
()3.Hisheadmustatonce.
A.operateB.operateon
C.beoperatedD.beoperatedon
()4.Thepersonsunder16yearsoldshouldn'ttogototheInternetBar.
A.toallowB.beallowingC.beallowedD.allow
()5.ThesecondregionalmeetingonbirdfluinVietnamnotlongago.
A.heldB.washeldC.willheldD.willbeheld
()6.MrSmith,togetherwithhiswife,toattendthepartylastweek.
A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.wereinvitedD.toinvite
()7.Thewindowbythenaughtyboyyesterday.
A.breaksB.brokeC.isbrokenD.wasbroken
()8.Footballeverywhereintheworld.
A.areplayedB.isplayedC.isplayingD.wasplaying
()9.Allthequestionsonthepaper.
A.answerB.areanswered
C.willanswerD.areanswering
()10.Thebabypandaisbythenurses.
A.takecareB.takencare
C.takencareofD.takecareof
()11.Englishisbytravelersintheworld.
A.usedB.usingC.useD.touse
()12.Trafficrulesmustbythedrivers.
A.obeyB.obeyC.beobeyedD.isobeyed
()13.Thefoodandmedicineshouldatalowtemperature.
A.keepB.bekeptC.keepingD.kept
()14.Inthatsmallcity,thegirlstogooutatnight.
A.isn'tallowedB.mustn'tallowed
C.aren'tallowedD.wasn'tallowed
()15.Englishbymanypeopleasasecondlanguage.
A.arelearntB.werelearnt
C.learntD.islearnt
()16.ItissaidthataChildren'sPalacebytheminthatcityin2008.
A.willbuiltB.hasbuilt
C.willbebuiltD.arebuilt
()17.WhenIwasinEngland,thatrestaurantatthattime.
A.iswelcomedB.waswelcomed
C.waswelcomingD.welcomes
()18.Newlaws__________________tofightpollutioninthenearfutureinChina.
A.willbemadeB.willmake
C.ismadeD.havemade
()19.Thewetclothesoutside,ortheywon'tbedryeasily.
A.shouldhangupB.shouldhungup
C.shouldbehungupD.shouldbehangedup
()20.Where_______________theWorldExpo2010?
A.is,heldB.will,beheld
C.was,heldD.has,beenheld
II.TurnthefollowingsentencesIntopassivevoice.
1.Theywritemanybusinessletterseveryday.
Manybusinessletters____________________________everyday.
2.MostofthepeopleinthatCountryspeakFrench.
French_____________________________bymostofthepeopleinthatcountry.
3.ThousandsofpeoplevisittheGreatWalleveryday.
TheGreatWall______
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