数学专业词汇 英文版.docx
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数学专业词汇 英文版.docx
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数学专业词汇英文版
Absolutestability
Asystemdescriptionthatrevealswhetherasystemisstableornotstablewithoutconsiderationofothersystemattributessuchasdegreeofstability.312
Actuator
Thedevicethatcausestheprocesstoprovidetheoutput;thedevicesthatprovidesthemotivepowertotheprocess.
All-passnetwork
Anonminimumphasesystemthatpassesallfrequenceswithequalgain.
Bandwidth
Thefrequencyatwhichthefrequencyresponsehasdeclined3dBfromitslow-frequencyvalue.
Blockdiagram
Unidirectional,operationalblockthatrepresentsthetransferfunctionsoftheelementsofthesystem.
Automation
Thecontrolofanindustrialprocessbyautomaticmeans.
Bodeplot
Thelogarithmofmagnitudeofthetransferfunctionisplottedversusthelogarithmof\omiga,thefrequency.Thephase,\phi
ofthetransferfunctionisseparatelyplottedversusthelogarithmofthefrequency.
Canonicalform
Afundamentalorbasicformofthestatevariablemodelrepresentation,includingdiagonalcanonicalform,Jordancanonicalform.
Characteristicequation
Therelationformedbyequatingtozerothedenominatorofatransferfunction.
Closedloopfeedbackcontrol
Asystemthatusesameasurementoftheoutputandcomparesitwiththedesiredoutput.
Closedlooptransferfunction
Aratiooftheoutputsignaltoinputsignalforaninterconnectionofsystemswhenallthefeedbackorfeedforwardloopshavebeenclosedorotherwiseaccountedfor.Generallyobtainedbyblockdiagramorsignalflowgraphreduction.
Compensator
Anadditionalcomponentorcircuitthatisinsertedintothesystemtoequalizeorcompensatefortheperformancedeficiency.
Components
Theparts,subsystems,orsubassembliesthatcompriseatotalsystem.
Controlsystem
Aninterconnectionofcomponentsformingasystemconfigurationthatwillprovideadesiredresponse.
Controllabilitymatrix
AlinearsystemiscontrollableifandonlyifthecontrollablematrixWchasfullrank.Forsingleinputsingleoutputlinearsystemsthesystemiscontrollableifandonlyifthedeterminantofthecontrollabilitymatrixisnonzero.
Controllablesystem
Asystemwithunconstrainedcontrolinpututhattransfersanyinitialstatex(0)toanyotherstatex(t).
Design
Theprocessofconceivingorinventingtheforms,parts,anddetailsofasystemtoachieveareasonedpurpose.
Detectable
Asysteminwhichthestatesthatareunobservablearenaturallystable.
Differentialequation
Anequationincludingdifferentialsofafunction.
Digitalcontrolsystem
Acontrolsystemusingdigitalsignalsanddigitalcomputertocontrolaprocess.
Discretetimeapproximation
Anapproximationusedtoobtainthetimeresponseofasystembasedonthedivisionofthetimeintosmallincrements\deltat.
Disturbancesignal
Anunwantedinputsignalthataffectsthesystem'soutputsignal.
Errorsignal
Thedifferencebetweenthedesiredoutputandactualoutput.
Estimation
Thedifferencebetweentheactualstateandtheestimatedstate.
Feedbacksignal
Ameasureoftheoutputofthesystemusedasfeedbacktomcontrolthesystem.
Finalvalue
Thevaluethatoutputachievesafteralltheresponsehavefaded.Alsoreferredtoasthesteadystate.
Frequencyresponse
Thesteadystateresponseofasystemtoasinusoidalinputsignal.
Laplacetransform
Atransformationofafunctionf(t)fromthetimedomainintothecomplexfrequency.
Linearapproximation
Anapproximatemodelthatresultsinlinearrelationshipbetweentheoutputandtheinputofthedevice.
Linearquadraticregulator
Anoptimalcontrollerdesignedtominimizethequadraticperformanceindex.
Linearized
Madelinearorplacedinalinearform.
Locus
Apathortrajectorythatistracedoutasaparameterischanged.
Mathematicalmodels
Descriptionsofthebehaviorofasystemusingmathematics.
Matrixexponentialfunction
Animportantmatrixfunctiondefinedase^At=I+At+(At)^2+...
thatplaysaroleininsolutionoflinearconstantcoefficientdifferentialequations.
Minimumphase
Allthezerosofatransferfunctionlieintheleftsideofthes-plane.
Negativefeedback
Theoutputsignalisfedbacksothatissubtractsfromtheinputsignal.
Observabilitymatrix
AlinearsystemisobservableifandonlyiftheobservabilitymatrixWohasfullrank.
Observablesystem
Asystemwithanoutputthatpossessesacomponentduetoeachstatevariable.
Observer
Adynamicsystemusedtoestimatethestateofanotherdynamicsystemgivenknowledgeofthesysteminputandmeasurementsofsystemoutputs.
Openloopcontrolsystem
Asystemthatutilizesadevicetocontroltheprocesswithoutusingfeedback.
Optimalcontrolsystem
Asystemwhoseparametersareadjustedsothattheperformanceindexreachesanextremumvalue.
Optimization
Theadjustmentoftheparameterstoachievethemostfavorableoradvantageousdesign.
Outputequation
Thealgebraicequationthatrelatesstatevectorx,andtheinputu,totheoutputsy,throughtherelationshipy=Cx+Du.
Overshot
Theamountofthesystemoutputresponseproceedsbeyondthedesiredresponse.
Parameterdesign
Amethodofselectingoneortwoparametersusingtherootlocusmethod.
Peaktime
Thetimeforasystemtorespondtoastepinputandrisetoapeakresponse.
Performanceindex
Aquantitativemeasureoftheperformanceofasystem.
Physicalvariables
Thestatevariablesrepresentingthephysicalvariablesofthesystem.
PIDcontroller
AwidelyusedcontrollerusedinindustryoftheformG(s)=Kp+Ki/s+Kds.
Poleplacement
Adesignmethodologywhereintheobjectiveistoplacetheeigenvaluesoftheclosedloopsystemindesiredregionsofthecomplexplane.
Poles
Therootsofthedenominatorpolynomial(i.e.Therootsofthecharacteristicequation)ofthetransferfunction.
Positivefeedback
Theoutputsignalisfedbacksothatitaddstotheinputsignal.
Referenceinput
Theinputtoacontrolsystemoftenrepresentingthedesiredoutput.
Robot
Aprogrammablecomputerintegratedwithareprogrammable,multifunctionalmanipulatorusedforavarietyoftasks.
Robustcontrol
Asystemthatexhibitsthedesiredperformanceinthepresenceofsignificantplantuncertainty.
Robuststabilitycriterion
Atestforrobustnesswithrespecttomultiplicativeperturbationsinwhichstabilityisguaranteedif|M|<|1+1/G|.
Rootlocus
Thelocusorpathoftherootstracedoutonthesplaneasaparameterischanged.
RouthHurwitzcriterion
Acriterionfordeterminingthestabilityofasystembyexamingthecharacteristicequationofthetransferfunction.
Sampleddata
Dataobtainedforthesystemvariablesonlyatdiscreteintervals,dataobtainedonceeverysamplingperiod.
Simulation
Amodelofsystemusedtoinvestigatethebehaviorofasystembyutilizingactualinputsignal.
Stability
Aperformancemeasureofasystem;asystemisstableifallthepolesofthetransferfunctionhavenegativerealparts.
Stabilizable
Asysteminwhichthestatesthatarenotcontrollablearenaturallystable.
Statedifferentialequation
Thedifferentialequationforthestatevector:
x=Ax+bu.
Statetransitionmatrix
\phi(t),Thematrixexponentialfunctionthatdescribestheunforcedresponseofthesystem.
Statevariables
Thesetofvariablesthatdescribethesystem.
Statevector
Thevectormatrixcontainingallnstatevariable;x1,x2,...,xn.
Statespacerepresentation
Atimedomainmodelcomprisedofthestatedifferentialequation,x=Ax+Bu,y=Cx+Du.
Statevariablefeedback
Whenthecontrolsignalfortheprocessisadirectfunctionofallthestatevariables.
Steadystate
Thevaluethatafterallthetransientconstituentsoftheresponsehavefaded.Alsoreferredtoasfinalstate.
Synthesis
Theprocessbywhichnewphysicalconfigurationsofarecreated.Thecombiningofseparateelementsordevicestoformacoherentwhole.
System
Aninterconnectionofelementsanddevicesforadesiredpurpose.
Timedelay
Apuretimedelay,Tsothateventsoccurringattimetatonepointinthesystemoccursatanotherpointinthesystematalatertime(t+T).
Timedemain
Themathematicaldomainthatincorporatesthetimeresponseandthedescriptionofasystemintermsoftimet.
Timevaryingcontrolsystem
Asystemforwhichoneormoreparametersmayvaryingwithtime.
Tradeoff
Theneedtomakeajudgmentabouthowmuchcompromiseismadebetweenconflictingcriteria.
Transferfunction
Underzeroinitialconditions,theratiotheLaplacetransformoftheoutputvariablestotheLaplacetransformoftheinputvariable.
Transientresponse
Theconstituentofthesystemresponsethatdisappearswithtime.
Unitimpulse
Atestinputconsistingofanimpulseofinfiniteamplitudeandzerowidth,andhavinganareaofunity,usedtodeterminetheimpulseresponse.
Zeroorderhold
Amathematicalmodelofasampleanddataholdoperationwhoseinputoutputtransferfunctionisrepresentedby
G=(1-e^-ts)/s.
Zeros
Therootsofnumeratorpolynomialofthetransferfunction.
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