机械工程及自动化专业外文翻译加工中心加工标准1.docx
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机械工程及自动化专业外文翻译加工中心加工标准1.docx
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机械工程及自动化专业外文翻译加工中心加工标准1
外文原文:
Machiningcenterstandards
(1)sub-roughingandfinishingmachiningcenter.
(2)largemachiningprocesses:
Open-rough---heat---Semi-agingtreatment---finishingmolding---surfacefinish---partingsurface---polishedfinish.
(3)moldsurfaceshouldnothavehadaknifebiting,cuttingtumor,strikershouldnothavedownround,Daojuanglitches,ifsuchproblemscomes,itisafaileddeal.
(4)formingface,theallocationofsurfaceandmatchingtheface,handfairing,caltropclear,thesurfaceroughnessof0.8,non-moldingsurfaceandmatchingthemouthandfacecannotappearfrontacuteanglerequiredtosmooththetransition.
(5)sub-typesurfacemachiningprocess:
Rough---semi-finishing---moldingsurface---polishedfinish
(6)avoidtheemptypartofthegainsandinfluentialaestheticknifemarks.
(7)wick-pointholetoadoptthecountryheartbit,itallowstheballknife.
(8)theerrorofpartnothavetobemorethan0.02thenaknife.
(9)eachpartmusthavealinedrawingprocessingbenchmark,thebenchmarkprocessshouldbesmooth,noobviousmarksofknives,roughnessrequiresmorethan0.8.
CNCmachiningcentertoimprovewaysofcuttingefficiency
CNCmachining,astherepresentativeoftheadvancedproductiveforcesofmodernmanufacturingindustry,inmechanical,aerospaceanddie,etc.playaveryimportantrole.Sincethe90's,Europe,theUnitedStates,andJapanisracingtodevelopandapplyanewgenerationofhigh-speedCNCmachinetools,speedingupthepaceofdevelopmentofhigh-speedmachinetools.High-speedspindleunitmotorspindlespeed15000~100000r/min,high-speedandhighplus/minustherateoffeedoftherapidtraversespeedsofmovingparts60~120m/min,cuttingfeedrateofupto60m/min,feedratehigh-speedmachiningcenterofupto80m/min,airspeedupto100m/minorso.U.S.CINCINNATIcompaniesHyperMachmachinefeedrateisupto60m/min,quickto100m/min,spindlespeedhasreached60000r/min.Intheprocessingprecision,thepast10years,thegenerallevelofprocessingprecisionCNCmachinetoolsfrom10μmto5μm,Precisionmachiningcentersfromthe3~5μmto1~1.5μm,andtheultra-precisionmachiningaccuracyhasbeguntoenterthenano-scale(0.01μm).Thenewgenerationofhigh-speedCNCmachinetoolsinparticularthedevelopmentandapplicationofhigh-speedmachiningcentersarecloselyrelatedwiththeultra-high-speedcutting.
1.Domesticandinternationaldifferencesinlevelsofmachiningcentercutting
Nowadaystheadvancedcountriesturningandmilling,cuttingspeedhasreached5000~8000m/minabove;rpmspindlein30000r/min(someashighas100,000r/min)ormore.Forexample:
Inthemillingplane,theforeigncuttingspeedgenerallygreaterthan1000~2000m/min,onlytheequivalentofforeigndomestic1/12~1/15,thatis,thedomesticdry12to15hoursofliveabroad,equivalenttodryahours.Accordingtothesurvey,manyoftheactualcuttingmachiningcenterslessthan55%ofworkingtime.Therefore,howtoimproveprocessingefficiency,reducerejectionratebecomeslargenumberofenterprisestoexploreissues.CNCmachiningcenterforcuttingefficiencyofthedomesticpartoftheinvestigationfoundthatprevalenceoflowprecision,suchasknives,bladesbeatingalargeamountofprocessingroughnessislow,processequipmentisnotcompleteandmanyotherissues.
2.waystoimprovethecuttingefficiency
(1)areasonablechoiceCutting
Representedbythecurrenthigh-speedofdrycutting,hardmachiningandothernewcuttingtechnologyhasshownalotofadvantagesandstrongvitality,asmanufacturingtechnologytoimproveprocessingefficiencyandquality,themainwaytoreducecosts.
Practicehasprovedthat,whenthecuttingspeedincreasedby10timesthefeedrateincreased20-fold,farbeyondthetraditionalcuttingofthe"forbiddenzone",thecuttingmechanismofafundamentalchange.Theresult:
aunitofpower,metalremovalrateincreasedby30%to40%,30%lowercuttingforces,cuttingtoollifeincreasedby70%,significantlyreducedstayintheworkpieceonthecuttingheat,cuttingvibrationalmostdisappeared;cuttingoccurredinthenatureofaleap.Basedonthecurrentmachinesituation,shouldgivefullplaytothehigh-speedprocessingcapabilityofadvancedtoolsrequiredtousehigh-speedprocessing,andincreasedperunittimethevolumeofmaterialwasremoved(materialremovalrateQ).
Inselectingareasonableamountofcuttingthesametime,aswechoosefine-toothedblade(inthetooldiameterperinchknifeteeth≥3),toincreasetheamountoffeedpertooth,improveproductivityandtoollife.Thepilotstudy:
Whenthelinespeedof165m/min,feedpertoothof0.04mm,thefeedspeedof341m/min,toollifeof30.Ifthecuttingspeedupto350m/min,feedpertoothof0.18mm,feedratecanreach2785m/min,processingefficiencyistheoriginal817%,whilethetoollifeincreasedto117.
(2)Selectgoodperformancetoolmaterial
IntheCNCmachining,metalcuttingtoolsoftheroleofnolessthanWatt'sinventionofsteamengine.Manufactureofthetoolmaterialmusthaveaveryhightemperaturehardnessandwearresistance,thenecessarybendingstrength,impacttoughnessandchemicalinertness,goodmanufacturability(machining,forgingandheattreatment,etc.),isnoteasytodeform.Goodperformanceathomeandabroadtoolmaterialsare:
metal-ceramic,carbide-coatedcuttingtools,ceramiccuttingtools,polycrystallinediamond(PCD)andcubicboronnitride(CBN)cuttingtoolsandsoon.Theyeachhavecharacterandadapttothescopeoftheworkpiecematerialandcuttingspeedvaries.CBNcuttingforhighhardnesssuchashardenedsteelandhardcastiron,suchastheprocessingofhigh-hardsteel(50~67HRC)andchilledcastiron,themainchoiceofceramiccuttingtoolsandCBNtools,theprocessinghardness60~65HRCthefollowingartifactsareavailableceramictool,whiletheworkpieceisabove65HRCusingCBNcuttingtoolsforcutting;PCDformachiningnon-ferrousmetalsandalloys,plasticsandglass,steel,processedaluminumalloy,themainuseofPCDanddiamondfilm-coatedcuttingtools;carbontoolsteelandalloytoolsteelisnowusedonlyforFILE,die,andTapsandothertools;carbidecoatedtools(suchascoatingsTiN,TiC,TiCN,TiAIN,etc.)Althoughthehigherhardness,suitableforawiderangeofmachiningworkpiece,buttheitsanti-oxidationtemperatureisnothigh,sotheimprovementofcuttingspeedisalsolimited,generallyintherangeof400~500m/minwithintheprocessingofironandsteelparts,whiletheAl2O3coatinghigh-temperature,highhardness,high-speedprocessingwithinthescope,itswear-resistantnaturethantheTiC,TiN-coatedverywell.
Inaddition,thetoolcuttingpartofthegeometricparametersonthelevelofcuttingefficiencyandprocessingqualityhasagreatinfluence,high-speedcuttingtoolwhentheanteriorhorngenerallysmallerthannormalcutting10°,posteriorhornofthebig5°~8°.CornerOfficeinordertopreventthermalwear,Lord,Vicecuttingedgeconnectionsshouldberoundingorchamfertiptipinordertoincreaselocalknifesharpcorners,increasingthelengthofthecuttingedgenearthetipandthetoolmaterialvolume,inordertoimprovethetoolrigidityandreducetherateoftoolbreakage.
(3)toacceleratethedevelopmentofcoatingtechnology
Toolcoatingtechnologysinceitsinception,thetoolperformanceimprovementsandadvancesinprocessingtechnologyplaysanimportantroleincoatedtoolshasbecomeasymbolofmoderntoolsinthetoolintheproportionofmorethan50%.Inthe21stcentury,theproportionofcoatedtoolswillfurtherincreaseisexpectedtoCBNcoatingtechnologybreakthroughsintechnology,sothatthegoodperformanceofCBNtoolsinmoreandcuttingprocesshasbeenapplied(includingthesophisticatedtoolsandformingtools),Thiswillcomprehensivelyimprovethelevelofprocessingferrousmetalcutting.Inaddition,thenano-scalemulti-layerandanewultra-thincoatingmaterialswillacceleratethespeedofdevelopmentandapplicationofthecoatingwillbecomethemainwaytoimprovethetoolperformance.
(4)Selecthigh-precisionblades
Bladeprecisionislow,beatingtoobig,facemillingofflatfinishwillreduceorevensulcus.High-precisionCNCmachinetoolsonthebladerunoutshouldbecontrolledwithin2~5μm.WiththedevelopmentofCNCmachinetools,thecorrespondingbladesurfacemodificationcoatingappearedtreatment(substrateforhigh-speedsteel,WCotypecarbide,Ti-basedmetalsceramics),greatlyimprovestheprecisionblades.Meanwhile,theemergenceofnewtypesofindexableinsertsstructures,suchasforturningtheefficientlightscrapingblade,theshapeofcomplexwithanteriorhorncutterblade,ball-endcutterblade,anti-rejectionhigh-speedcutterbladeflyingandsoon.Indexableinsertsintothematerial,coating,troughanewstageofcomprehensivedevelopment,inaccordancewithprocessingmaterialsandmanufacturingprocessesfortherationalcombinationofmaterials,coatings,troughfeatures,developedwiththebestmachiningresultsoftheblade,tomeettheHigh-speed,high-lifeofcuttingthedifferentrequirementsofproductiontechnology.
(5)toimprovesurfacequality
Whilemaintainingthesamecuttingefficiency(iethesameQvalue),increasingcuttingspeedcanbeimprovedchipformationprocessandincreasethecuttingdamping,fluttersuppression,withacorrespondingreductionintheinletofeachcuttertoothtothecuttingsurfacecanlowertheamountoftraceresiduesintheformationofheight,toimprovethesurfaceroughness,thusfacilitatingtheprocessingofprecisionpartsandmol
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