英语二 UNIT2 课件.docx
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英语二 UNIT2 课件.docx
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英语二UNIT2课件
02-A.BlackHoles
复习UNIT1:
TEXTB词组:
1.toapplyfor/to
2.day-to-day
3.tohavenoidea
4.totakethetroubletodosth.
5.toputoneselfinsb’splace
6.toone’sadvantage/disadvantage
7.atadisadvantage
8.toaskfor
9.inhand
10.tomakesureof/that
11.toturndown
12.assoonas
第1段Whatisablackhole?
Well,it'sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincetheterms(that/which)wewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequate(a.不适当的)here.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)intowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape----notevenlight.Sowecan'tseeablackhole.Ablackholeexertsastronggravitationalpullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonlyspace--orsowethink.Howcanthishappen?
1.exert:
vt.尽(力);发挥(威力);施加(压力);产生(影响);行施(职权)
例句:
见书P34.
2.orsowethink:
我们就是这样认为的。
本句不表倒装,表对同一事实的确信、证实之意。
比较:
Youaskedhimtoleave,sodidI.你要他离开,我也要他离开。
Youaskedmetoleave,soIdid.你要我离开,我这样做了。
ØAstronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)intowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape–notevenlight.天文科学家和科学家认为黑洞是一个空间区域(而不是某个东西),物质掉进去就难逃罗网,甚至连光也跑不了。
关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,若介词随着关系代词提前,关系代词不能使用that,若介词不提前,则不受此限制。
例如:
Ididn'tknowthematterthat/whichyoureferredto.我不知道你说的那件事。
第2段Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint;theycollapseandsometimesasupernovaoccurs.Fromearth,asupernovalookslikeaverybrightlightintheskywhichshineseveninthedaytime.Supernovaewerereportedbyastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.SomepeoplethinkthattheStarofBethlehem(圣诞星)couldhavebeenasupernova.ThecollapseofastarmayproduceaWhiteDwarforaneutronstar--astar,whosematterissodensethatitcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceofitsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylarge(muchbiggerthanoursun)thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.Anymatterneartheblackholeissuckedin.Itisimpossibletosaywhathappensinsideablackhole.Scientistshavecalledtheboundaryareaaroundtheholethe"eventhorizon."Weknownothingabouteventswhichhappenonceobjectspassthisboundary.Butintheory,mattermustbehaveverydifferentlyinsidethehole.behaviour
Broardenhorizonbehaveyourself!
1.collapse:
见课本P34-35例句
n.倒塌,崩溃,瓦解;(健康等)跨掉,(因精疲力竭)倒下.
v.倒塌,崩溃
2.continually屡次地、频繁地continue,continual
Itisrainingcontinually.
派生词:
continual不断的、连续的
Hehadcontinualcomplaintsaboutourmanner.
近义词:
continuously不断地、连续地
Hecontinuouslymademistakes.
3.shrink(使)缩短,(使)收缩,畏缩
shrink+副词/介词短语:
Thatsweatershrankinthewash.
Thegirlshrankbackinfear.
shrink+名词:
Thisdetergentwon’tshrinkwool这种洗洁剂不会使毛料收缩。
100%cotton
4.result
1)result+from+名词:
由…造成…结果、由…引起
Theterribleaccidentresultedfromhiscarelessness.那桩可怕的事故是因他的疏忽大意引起的。
2)result+in+名词:
导致、引起leadto
Hisattemptresultedinfailure.他的尝试终于失败了。
5.reduce
1)reduce+名词:
把。
。
。
减少、下降、减弱
Shereducedherweightby5kilograms.
2)reduce+名词+to+名词/动名词:
使。
。
。
变为/成为(可用于被动语态)
Thebombsreducedthecitytoruins炸弹使那座城市变为废墟
Shewasreducedtotearsatthesight.她看到那情景就哭了起来。
ØFromearth,asupernovalookslikeaverybrightlightintheskywhichshineseveninthedaytime.从地球上看,超新星就像是天空中一盏明亮的灯,即使在白昼中也闪闪发光。
1)supernova的复数形式是supernovae.
2)inthedaytime与atnight相反,表示“在白昼”例如:
Starsareinvisibleinthedaytime.
ØButifthestarisverylarge(muchbiggerthanoursun)thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesodensethatablackholeresults.如果恒星非常大(比太阳还大的多),那么其收缩过程就极为剧烈,以至产生了黑洞。
so…that在此引导一个结果状语从句,从句谓语动词用陈述语气,若引导目的状语从句,从句谓语动词则用虚拟语气(can/could/may/might+动词原形)。
例如:
Thewriterexplainedsocarefullythatthereadercouldunderstandbetter.
result在这里是不及物动词,表示“作为结果发生”,经常与介词in和from搭配分别表示“导致”和“是由…引起的”。
例如:
Hisillnessresultedfromeatingbadfood.
第3段Forexample,ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.Howeveranobserverattheeventhorizonwouldthinkthatthemanneverreachedthecenteratall.Ourspaceandtimelawsdon'tseemtoapplytoobjectsintheareaofablackhole.Einstein'srelativitytheoryistheonlyonewhichcanexplainsuchphenomena.Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable,sothatthereisno"absolute"timeandspace.Therearenoconstants(常量)atall,andmeasurementsoftimeandspacedependonthepositionoftheobserver.Theyarerelative.Wedonotyetfullyunderstandtheimplicationsoftherelativitytheory;butitisinterestingthatEinstein'stheoryprovidedabasisfortheideaofblackholesbeforeastronomersstartedtofindsomeevidencefortheirexistence.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.InAugust1977,asatellitewaslaunchedtogatherdataaboutthe10millionblackholeswhicharethoughttobeintheMilkyWay.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstarsbelievedtobeblackholes.
1.applytosth.
1)把…应用于…
Studentsaretolearntoapplytopractice.
学生们应学会把理论应用于实践.
2)致力于…
Youonlypassyourexamsifyoureallyapplyyourselftoyourwork.
你只有真正专心用功,考试才能及格.
2.basis基础、根据(复数为bases)
Histheoryhasasolidbasisinfacts.他的理论有很多事实根据。
3.launch见课本P35。
vt.发射,投射;使(船)下水
vt./vi.发动,发起(运动等)
ØItisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.
是最近天文学家才真正开始研究黑洞。
这里的强调句式强调的是一个副词短语onlyrecently.
名词research与介词into搭配表示“对…的研究”,例如:
Scientistscarryoutaresearchintothecausesofcancer.
第4段Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.Binarystars,astheirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.Insomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a"partner"totheonewhichwecanseeinthesky.Matterfromtheonewhichwecanseeisbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstar.Couldthisinvisiblestar,whichexertssuchagreatforce,beablackhole?
Astronomershaveevidenceofafewotherstarstoo,whichmighthaveblackholesascompanions.
ØBinarystars,astheirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother顾名思义,双星就是一对恒星,其空间位置相互影响。
as在这里是一个关系代词,astheir/itsnamesuggests/implies表示“顾名思义”。
例如:
Watchdog,asitsnamesuggests,iskepttoguardproperty.看家狗,顾名思义,是用来看家的。
ØInsomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a“partner”totheonewhichwecanseeinthesky.
在一些双星系中,天文学家证明有一种看不见的伴星,即我们能够在天空中看到的那颗星的“伙伴”apartnerto…表示“是…的伙伴”例如:
Heisagoodpartnertomeinbusiness.
第5段Thestoryofblackholesisjustbeginning.Speculationsaboutthemareendless.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate.Mankindmayonedaymeetthisfate.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.Thesespeculationssoundlikesciencefiction.Butthetheoryofblackholesinspaceisacceptedbymanyseriousscientistsandastronomers.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.
1.speculationn.
1)speculation+about/onupon+名词:
深思、揣想、推测
Hemadespeculationsonthepurposeoflife.他对人生的目的进行深思。
2)peculation+in+名词:
对。
。
。
投机
Speculationinstocksisadangerouswayofmakingafortune.股票投机是一种危险的发财方式。
2.swallowv.
1)swallow+up+名词:
吞没、吞。
。
。
。
Heswallowedupthemedicinewithwater.
2)Swallow+名词:
(口语)轻信、忍受
Shecouldn’tswallowhisinsults.
3.operatev.见课本P35-36
vi.运转,起作用;动手术(ON,UPON)
vt.操作,操纵,经营;对…动手术
ØOntheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.而科学家们认为,有朝一日高度发达的技术或许能利用黑洞的能量造福人类。
1)oneday既可指(过去)有一天,也可以指(将来)总会有一天。
例如:
Onedaywe’llgetourselvesanewcar.
2)Makeuseof表示“利用”,与put…touse意思相同,use前可以有形容词修饰。
例如:
Weshouldmakefulluseofournaturalresources.
ØTheyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime..他们向我们展示了一个与我们这个世界运行方式完全不同的世界,并对我们最基本的时空体验提出了质疑。
1)Totally是副词修饰different,相当于completely.
2)Atotallydifferentwayfromourown也可以说成awaytotallydifferentfromour
own.Question作及物动词用,表示“向某人提问,质问”Sheopenlyquestionedthe
truthofthisstatement.她公开对这件事的真实性表示怀疑。
02-B.WorldswithinWorlds
第1段Firstofallletusconsidertheearth(thatistosay,theworld)asaplanetrevolvingroundthesun.Theearthisoneofnineplanetswhichmoveinorbitroundthesun.Thesenineplanets,togetherwiththesun,makeupwhatiscalledoursolarsystem.Howthiswonderfulsystemstartedandwhatkeptitworkingwithsuchwonderfulaccuracyislargelyamysterybutastronomerstellusthatitisonlyoneofmillionsofsimilarsystemsinspace,andoneofthesmallest.
1.revolve
1)旋转(与around,about连用):
Thewheelisrevolvingaboutitsaxis.轮子在轴上转动。
Theearthrevolvesroundthesun.地球绕太阳转。
2)围绕、以…为主题:
Theirtroublesrevolvearoundmoneymanagement.他们的麻烦围绕着金钱管理
2.largely
1)大部分地;主要地:
Itislargelyamatterofconjecture.这多半是猜测。
2)大量地:
Wedislikehiminthathedrinkslargely.我们不喜欢他主要是因为他酗酒。
3.Thesenineplanets,togetherwiththesun,makeupwhatiscalledoursolarsystem.这九大行星和太阳一起组成了所谓的我们的太阳系。
1)togetherwith的意思是“与…一起”,由它引导的短语在句子中往往作状语,而在本句中它作插入语。
2)whatiscalled是一个宾语从句,在句子中作插入语。
4.Howthiswonderfulsystemsta
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