英语考研真题答案.docx
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英语考研真题答案.docx
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英语考研真题答案
2007英语考研真题答案
【篇一:
【考研】6.2007年考研英语真题及答案完整解析】
class=txt>sectioniuseofenglish
directions:
readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[a],[b],
[c]or[d]onanswersheet1.(10points)
by1830theformerspanishandportuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.borninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandiberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.
ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.romancatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bythespanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintaincatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.thedefenseofthechurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.
theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.bolivarhadreceivedaidfromhaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.by1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptspain’s17colonies.earlypromisestoendindiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.[a]natives[b]inhabitants[c]peoples[d]individuals[a]confusedly[b]cheerfully[c]worriedly[d]hopefully[a]shared[b]forgot[c]attained[d]rejected[a]related[b]close[c]open[d]devoted[a]access[b]succession[c]right[d]return[a]presumably[b]incidentally[c]obviously[d]generally[a]unique[b]common[c]particular[d]typical
8.
9.[a]freedom[b]origin[c]impact[d]reform[a]therefore[b]however[c]indeed[d]moreover
10.[a]with[b]about[c]among[d]by
11.[a]allowed[b]preached[c]granted[d]funded
12.[a]since[b]if[c]unless[d]while
13.[a]as[b]for[c]under[d]against
14.[a]spread[b]interference[c]exclusion[d]influence
15.[a]support[b]cry[c]plea[d]wish
16.[a]urged[b]intended[c]expected[d]promised
17.[a]controlling[b]former[c]remaining[d]original
18.[a]slower[b]faster[c]easier[d]tougher
19.[a]created[b]produced[c]contributed[d]preferred
20.[a]puzzledby[b]hostileto[c]pessimisticabout[d]unpreparedfor
sectioniireadingcomprehension
parta
directions:
readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[a],[b],
[c],or[d].markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(40points)
text1
ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sworldcuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:
elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.ifyouthenexaminedtheeuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheworldcupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.
whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?
hereareafewguesses:
a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.
andersericsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratfloridastateuniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”ericssongrewupinsweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:
trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”ericssonrecalls.“hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”
thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledericssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:
thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.or,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
21.thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto
[a]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.
[b]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheworldcup.
[c]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.
[d]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
22.theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans
[a]fun.
[b]craze.
[c]hysteria.
[d]excitement.
23.accordingtoericsson,goodmemory
[a]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.
[b]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.
[c]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.
[d]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
24.ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
[a]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.
[b]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.
[c]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.
[d]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
25.whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?
[a]“faithwillmovemountains.”
[b]“onereapswhatonesows.”
[c]“practicemakesperfect.”
[d]“likefather,likeson.”
text2
forthepastseveralyears,thesundaynewspapersupplementparadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“askmarilyn.”peopleareinvitedtoquerymarilynvossavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheraniqof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.iqtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.soitisabitconfusingwhenvossavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaveragejoe(whoseiqis100)as,what’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?
orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
it’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.
clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?
howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?
thedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheiqscore,eventhoughiqtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:
thestanford-binetintelligencescaleandthewechslerintelligencescales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheworldwideweb.superhighscoreslikevossavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.otherstandardizedtests,suchasthescholasticassessmenttest(sat)andthegraduaterecordexam(gre),capturethemainaspectsofiqtests.
suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesrobertj.sternberg.inhisarticle“howintelligentisintelligencetesting?
”,sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.moreover,iqtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.researchhasfoundthatiqpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,iqwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.anyonewhohastoiledthroughsatwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.
26.whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[a]answeringphilosophicalquestions.
[b]foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.
[c]tellingthedifferenc
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