Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo.docx
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Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo.docx
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Chapter1EnglishLiteratureofAnglo
Chapter1EnglishLiteratureofAnglo-SaxonPeriod
I.Introduction
1.Thehistoricalbackground
(1)BeforetheGermanicinvasion
(2)DuringtheGermanicinvasion
a.immigration;
b.Christianity;
c.heptarchy.
d.socialclassesstructure:
hide-hundred;eoldermen(lord)–thane-middleclass(freemen)-lowerclass(slaveorbondmen:
theow);
e.socialorganization:
clanortribes.
f.militaryOrganization;
g.Churchfunction:
spirit,civilservice,education;
h.economy:
coins,trade,slavery;
i.feastsandfestival:
Halloween,Easter;j.legalsystem.
2.TheOverviewoftheculture
(1)ThemixtureofpaganandChristianspirit.
(2)Literature:
a.poetry:
twotypes;b.prose:
twofigures.
II.Beowulf.
1.Ageneralintroduction.
2.Thecontent.
3.Theliteraryfeatures.
(1)theuseofalliteration
(2)theuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements
(3)themixtureofpaganandChristianelements
III.TheOldEnglishProse
1. Whatisprose?
2. figures
(1) TheVenerableBede
(2) AlfredtheGreat
Chapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheLateMedievalAges
I.Introduction
1.TheHistoricalBackground.
(1)Theyear1066:
NormanConquest.
(2)Thesocialsituationssoonaftertheconquest.
A.Normannoblesandserfs;
B.restorationofthechurch.
(3)The11thcentury.
A.thecrusadeandknights.
B.dominanceofFrenchandLatin;
(4)The12thcentury.
A.thecentralizedgovernment;
B.kingsandthechurch(HenryIIandThomas);
(5)The13thcentury.
A.ThelegendofRobinHood;
B.MagnaCarta(1215);
C.thebeginningoftheParliament
D.EnglishandLatin:
officiallanguages(theend)
(6)The14thcentury.
a.theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons—conflictbetweentheParliamentandKings;
b.theriseoftowns.
c.thechangeofChurch.
d.theroleofwomen.
e.theHundredYears’War—starting.
f.thedevelopmentofthetrade:
London.
g.theBlackDeath.
h.thePeasants’Revolt—1381.
i.ThetranslationofBiblebyWycliff.
(7)The15thcentury.
a.ThePeasantsRevolt(1453)
b.TheWarofRosesbetweenLancastersandYorks.
c.theprinting-press—WilliamCaxton.
d.thestartingofTudorMonarchy(1485)
2.TheOverviewofLiterature.
(1)thestoriesfromtheCelticlandsofWalesandBrittany—greatmythsoftheMiddleAges.
(2)GeoffryeofMonmouth—HistoriaRegumBritanniae—KingAuthur.
(3)Wace—LeRomandeBrut.
(4)Theromance.
(5)thesecondhalfofthe14thcentury:
Langland,Gawinpoet,Chaucer.
II.SirGawinandGreenKnight.
1.ageneralintroduction.
2.theplot.
III.WilliamLangland.
1.Life
2.PiersthePlowman
IV.Chaucer
1.Life
2.LiteraryCareer:
threeperiods
(1)Frenchperiod
(2)Italianperiod
(3)masterperiod
3.TheCanterburyTales
A.TheFramework;
B.TheGeneralPrologue;
C.TheTaleProper.
4.HisContribution.
(1)HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes.
(2)HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglishlanguage.
(3)ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.
V.PopularBallads.
VI.ThomasMaloryandEnglishProse
VII.ThebeginningofEnglishDrama.
1.MiraclePlays.
MiracleplayormysteryplayisaformofmedievaldramathatcamefromdramatizationoftheliturgyoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Itdevelopedfromthe10thtothe16thcentury,reachingitsheightinthe15thcentury.Thesimplelyriccharacteroftheearlytextswasenlargedbytheadditionofdialogueanddramaticaction.Eventuallytheperformancewasmovedtothechurchyardandthemarketplace.
2.MoralityPlays.
Amoralityplayisaplayenforcingamoraltruthorlessonbymeansofthespeechandactionofcharacterswhicharepersonifiedabstractions–figuresrepresentingvicesandvirtues,qualitiesofthehumanmind,orabstractconceptionsingeneral.
3.Interlude.
Theinterlude,whichgrewoutofthemorality,wasintended,asitsnameimplies,tobeusedmoreasafillerthanasthemainpartofanentertainment.Asitsbestitwasshort,witty,simpleinplot,suitedforthediversionofguestsatabanquet,orfortherelaxationoftheaudiencebetweenthedivisionsofaseriousplay.Itwasessentiallyanindoorsperformance,andgenerallyofanaristocraticnature.
Chapter3EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissance
I. AHistoricalBackground
II.TheOverviewoftheLiterature(1485-1660)
Printingpress—readership—growthofmiddleclass—trade-educationforlaypeople-centralizationofpower-intellectuallife-exploration-newimpetusanddirectionofliterature.
Humanism-studyoftheliteratureofclassicalantiquityandreformededucation.
Literarystyle-modeledon
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