英语四级考试阅读模拟题.docx

英语四级考试阅读模拟题.docx

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英语四级考试阅读模拟题

2021年12月英语四级考试阅读模拟题

【#四六级考试#导语】愿全国所有的考生都能以平常的心态参加四级考试，发挥自己的水平，考出理想的成绩。

我真心地祝福你们。

以下是2.2021年12月英语四级考试阅读模拟题

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

WorldMustAdapttoUnknownClimateFuture

A.Thereisstillgreatuncertaintyabouttheimpactsofclimatechange，accordingtothelatestreportfromtheIntefgovernmentalPanelonClimateChange，releasedtoday.Soifwearetosurviveandprosper,ratherthantryingtofendoffspecificthreatslikecyclones，wemustbuildflexibleandresilient（有弹性的）societies.

B.Today’sreportisthesecondofthreeinstalments（分期连载）oftheIPCC’sfifthassessmentofclimatechange.Thefirstinstalment，releasedlastyear,coveredthephysicalscienceofclimatechange.Itstatedwithincreasedcertaintythatclimatechangeishappenin9，andthatitistheresultofhumanity’sgreenhousegasemissions.Thenewreportfocusesontheimpactsofclimatechangeandhowtoadapttothem.Thethirdinstalment，onhowtocutgreenhousegasemissions，comesoutinApril.

C.ThelatestreportbacksofffromsomeofthepredictionsmadeinthepreviousIPCCreport，in2007.Duringthefinaleditingprocess.theauthorsalsoretreatedfrommanyofthemoreconfidentprojectionsfromthefinaldraft，leakedlastyear.TheIPCCnowsaysitoftencannotpredictwhichspecificimpactsofclimatechange―suchasdroughts，stormsorfloods――willhitparticularplaces.

D.Instead，theIPCCfocusesonhowpeoplecalladaptinthefaceofuncertainty,arguingthatwemustbecomeresilientagainstdiversechangesintheclimate.“Thenaturalhumantendencyistowantthingstobeclearandsimple.”saysthereport’sco-chairChrisFieldoftheCarnegieInstitutionforScienceinStanford，Califomia.“Andoneofthemessagesthatdoesn’tjustcomefromtheIPCC，itcomesfromhistory,isthatthefuturedoesn’teverturnoutthewayyouthinkitwillbe.”Thatmeans，Fieldadds，that‘'beingpreparedforawiderangeofpossiblefuturesisiustalwayssmart”.

E.HereNewScientistbreaksdownwhatisnewinthereport，andwhatitmeansforhumanity’seffortstocopewithachangingclimate.Acompanionarticle，“Howclimatechangewillaffectwhereyoulive”，highlightssomeofthekeyimpactsthatdifferentregionsarefacing.WhathaschangedinthenewIPCCreport?

F.Inessence，thepredictionsareintentionallyvaguer.Muchofthefirlnerlanguagefromthe2007reportaboutexactlywhatkindofweathertoexpect，andhowchangeswitlaffectpeople，hasbeenreplacedwithmorecautiousstatements.Thescaleandtimingofmanyregionalimpacts，andeventheformofsome，nowappearuncertain.

G.Forexample，the2007reportpredictedthattheintensityofcyclonesoverAsiawouldincreaseby10to20percent.Thenewreportmakesnosuchclaim.Similarly,thelastreportestimatedthatclimatechangewouldforceuptoaquarterofabillionAfricansintowatershortagebytheendofthisdecade.Thenewreportavoidsusingsuchfirmnumbers.

H.Thereporthasevenwatereddownmanyofthemoreconfidentpredictionsthatappearedinthelcakeddrafts.Referencesto“hundredsofmillions”ofpeoplebeingaffectedbyrisingsealevelshavebeenremovedfromthesummary,ashavestatementsabouttheimpactofwarmertemperaturesoncrops.“Ithinkit'sgonebackabit，”saysJeanPalutikofofGriffithUniversityinBrisbane，Queensland，Australia，whoworkedonthe2007report.“Thatmaybeagoodthing.Inthefourth[climateassessment]wetriedtodothingsthatweren’treallypossibleandthefifthhassortofrebalancedthewholething.”

Sodoweknowlessthanwedidbefore?

I.Notreally,saysAndyPitmanoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinSydney,Australia.Itisjustmorerigorouslanguage.“Pointingtothesignofthechange，ratherthantheprecisemagnitudeofthechange，isscientificallymoredefensible，”hesays.

J.Wealsoknowmoreaboutwhatwedon’tknow,saysDavidKarolyattheUniversityofMelbourne.“Thereisnowabetterunderstandingofuncertaintiesinregionalclimateprojectionsatdecadaltimescales（时标）.”

Arewelessconfidentaboutalltheimpactsofclimatechange?

K.Notquite.Therearestillplentyofconfidentpredictionsofimpactsinthereponv―atleastinthedraftchaptersthatwerelcakedlastyear,andwhichareexpectedtoberoughlythesamewhentheyarereleasedlaterthisweek.TheseincludemoreraininpartsofAfrica，moreheatwavesinsouthemEurope，andmorefrequentdroughtsinAustralia（see“Howclimatechangewillaffectwhereyoulive”）.Italsoremainsclearthattheseasarerising.Howdoweprepareincasesinwhichthereislowconfidenceabouttheeffectsofclimatechange?

L.That’sexactlywhatthisreportdealswith.Inmanycases，theuncertaintyisamatterofmagnitude，sothechoicesarenothard.“Itdoesn’treallymatterifthecarhitsthewallat70or80kilometresanhour,”saysKaroly.“Youshouldstillwearyourseatbelt.”Sowhenitcomestosea.1evelriseorheatwaves，theuncertaintydoesnotchangewhatweneedtodo：

buildseawalls，useefficientcoolingandsoforth.

M.Butinsomecases――suchasAfricanrainfall，whichcouldgoupordown――themodelsarenotgivingusgreatadvice.soallweknowisthatthingswillchange.“Wearenotcertainabouttheprecisenatureofregionalchange，butweareabsolutelycertaintherearegoingtobeprofoundchangesinmanyregions，”saysPitman.Eventhen，therearethingswecandothatwillalwayshelp.Abigoneisgettingpeopleoutofpoverty.Thereportsayspovertymakesotherimpactsworseandmanysuggestedadaptationsareaboutalleviatingit.TheIPCCsuggestsgivingdisadvantagedgroupsmoreofavoice，helpingthemmovewhentheyneedtoandstrengtheningsocialsafetynets.

N.What’smore，allcountriesshoulddiversifytheireconomies，ratherthanrelyingonafewmainsourcesofincomethatcouldfloodorblowovelCountriesshouldalsofindwaystobecomelessvulnerabletothecurrentclimatevariability.Thatmeansimprovingthewaytheygovemresourceslikewater,thereportsays.

O.Inshort，wemustbecomemoreresilient.Thatwouldbewiseeveniftheclimatewasstable.Ourcurrentinfrastructureoftencannotdealwiththecurrentclimate，saysKaroly,pointingtoeventsliketherecentUKfloods.“Wedon’thavearesilientsystemnow,eveninextremelywelldevelopedcountries.”

1.Focusingontheclueofclimatechangeinsteadoftheseverityofclimateeffectsisscientificallymorereasonable.

2.IPCC’snewreporthasremovedsomeofthepredictionsthatappearedintheformeronereleasedin2007.

3.OneofthelessonsbothIPCCandhistoryhastaughtusisthatfutureneverappearsasyouexpectittobe.

4.TheIPCC’slatestreporthasweakenedmanyfirmerprojectionswrittenintheleakeddrafts.

5.ThefirstofIPCC’sthreeinstalmentshasfocusedonthecurrentclimateconditionsandthemainreasonforthoseconditions.

6.Themostimportantthingforustodoistogetpeoplerich.

7.Sometimestheuncertaintyisjustabouttheextentofclimateeffects，thusthechoices.ofwhatweshoulddoisquiteeasy.

8.CountriesmustmaketheireconomiesvariedandimprovethewayofcontrollingtherecoursesinordertobeRerdealwithclimatechange.

9.ThenewIPCCreporthasreplacedsomemoreconfidentstatementsfromthe2007reportwithmorecarefulexpressions.

10.Therearestillmanyoffirmstatementsabouttheclimateeffectsinthenewreport，whicharegenerallythesameastheywereinthedraftchapters.

3.2021年12月英语四级考试阅读模拟题

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

BeingObjectiveonClimateChange

A.Lastweek，CraigRucker,aclimate-changeskepticandtheexecutivedirectorofanonprofitorganizationcalledtheCommitteeforaConstructiveTomorrow（CFACT），tweetedaquotationsupposedlytakenfroma1922editionoftheWashingtonPost：

“Withinafewyearsitispredictedduetoicemelttheseawillrisemakemostcoastalcitiesuninhabitable.”Theintent，ofcourse，wastopokefunatcurrentheadlinesaboutclimatechange.

B.Rucker’sorganizationisamemberoftheCoolerHeadsCoalition，anumbrellaorganizationoperatedbytheCompetitiveEnterpriseInstitute，anonprofitthatpridesitselfonitsoppositiontoenvironmentalists.Ruckerhimselfispartofanetworkofbloggers，op-cdwriters，andpolicy-shopexecutiveswhoarguethatclimatechangeiseitherahoaxorallexampleofleft-winghysteria.Surfacingoldnewspaperclipsisoneoftheirfavoritegames.Theyalsomakesubstantiveargumentsaboutclimatepolicy,butthesnipingmaybemoreeffective.Thereisnostrongerrhetoricaltoolthanridicule.

C.Inthiscase，Ruckcr’sridiculeseemsmisplaced.Afterspendingafewminutespokingaroundonline，1wasabletofindboththeWashingtonPostarticleandthelongerSourCematerialthatitcamefrom―aweatherreportissuedbytheU.S.consulinBergen，Norway,andsenttotheStateDepartmentonoctober10，1922.Thereportdidn’tsayanythingaboutcoastsbeinginundated.Thisisn’tsurprising.Scientistswetesmartbackthen，too,andtheyknewthatmeltingseaicewouldn’tappreciablyraisesealevels.anymorethanameltingicecuberaisesthelevelofwaterinaglass.

D.Ruckerultimatelycorrectedhis