02修辞学判断修辞手法.docx
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02修辞学判断修辞手法.docx
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02修辞学判断修辞手法
修辞手法
7.1Alliteration【头韵,词首辅音字母押韵】
7.2Assonance【谐音,押元音】
7.4Onomatopoeia【拟声】
7.5Aposiopesis【话语中断,顿绝法,歇后语,跳脱,说一半不说,省略号,破折号】
7.7Pun【双关】
8.2Anaphora【首语重复,首词重复,句首的词或词组】
8.4Simploce【首尾语重复,A…B/A…B】
8.5Anadiplosis【联珠法,单词…B/B…】
8.7Antithesis【对偶,对照,反义词,结构相似,意思相反】
9.1Climax【层进】
9.3Syllepsis【一层双叙,语法上正确,正常搭配】
9.4Zeugma【轭式修饰,不正常搭配】
9.5Chiasmus【交错搭配,重复调转,eattolive,livetoeat】
9.7Polysyndeton【连词叠用,几个连词一起用】
9.8Rhetoricalquestion【反问,不需要回答,找问号】
10.1Simile【明喻】
10.2Metaphor【暗喻】
10.3Metonymy【换喻,转喻】
10.4Synecdoche【提喻,整体与部分的关系】
10.6Personification【拟人】
10.7Parody【仿拟,对名言名句仿写句子】
10.8Synesthesia【通感,联觉,不同感观结合】
10.9Transferredepithet【转类】
11.2Allusion【典故,引用】
11.3Hyperbole【夸张】
11.5Irony【反语】
11.6Innuendo【暗讽,暗贬】
7.1Alliteration【头韵,词首辅音字母押韵】
Manyaman,manyamind.
7.2Assonance【谐音,押元音】
Letushelpyouextendyourself.
Hastemakeswaste.
7.4Onomatopoeia【拟声】
Thedoorbangedopen.
Dasistartedgiggling.
7.5Aposiopesis【话语中断,顿绝法,歇后语,跳脱,说一半不说,省略号,破折号】
“You’dbetterdothisorelse…”
“IfonlyIknewwhokilledthatcherrytree,”hecried,“Iwould…yes,Iwould…”
“I’magreeing,withyou,only—“
7.7Pun【双关】
Apuninvolvestheuseofapolysemouswordtosuggesttwoormoremeanings.Homonyms,homophones,andhomographs【同形异音异义词】allareavailabletoconstructpunswith.
Homonyms【同音同形异义词】
Ifwedon’thangtogetherwe’llhangseparately.
Homophones【同音异形异义词】
Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.
Usedinriddles:
Whyisariverrich?
—Becauseithastwobanks.[bankofariver;bankwheremoneyisdepositedandkept]
8.2Anaphora【首语重复,首词重复,句首的词或词组】
Iwanttoknowhowlongshe’sbeenthere,Iwanttoknowthatshe’sthereatallfor.
8.4Simploce【首尾语重复,A…B/A…B】
Wearethehollowmen.
Wearethestuffedmen.
8.5Anadiplosis【联珠法,单词…B/B…】
WithBewickonmyknee,Iwashappy:
happyatleastinmyway.
MywordsIknowdowellsetforthmymind;mymindbemoanshissenseofinwardsmart;suchsmartmaypityclaimofanyheart;herheart,sweetheart,isofnotiger’skind.
8.7Antithesis【对偶,对照,反义词,结构相似,意思相反】
Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.
Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.
Morehaste,lessspeed.
9.1Climax【层进】
Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.
Wewantpeace.Wewantfreedom.Wewantabetterlife.
9.3Syllepsis【一层双叙,语法上正确,正常搭配】
Helosthiscoatandhistemper.
9.4Zeugma【轭式修饰,不正常搭配】
Weateabunandaglassofmilk.
Theywenttothegraveyardwithweepingeyesandhearts.
9.5Chiasmus【交错搭配,重复调转,eattolive,livetoeat】
Tostoptoofearful,andtoofainttogo.
ShewenttoParis,toNewYorkwenthe.
9.7Polysyndeton【连词叠用,几个连词一起用】
It(thetent)issouakedandheavyanditflopsabout,andtumblesdownonyou,andclingsroundyourhead,andmakesyoumad.
9.8Rhetoricalquestion【反问,不需要回答,找问号】
IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?
Canwesitidlewhenallothersareworkinglikeahorseonfire?
10.1Simile【明喻】
Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.
Like/as/as…as…/…as…/as…,so…/may(might)aswell…as…/asif(asthough)/what/more…than…/remindof/compare…to/resemble/besimilarto/consider…as/treat…as/serve…as/honor…as.
Leavesdoforplantswhatlungsdoforanimals.
Icomparehisgeniustoalighteningflash.
10.2Metaphor【暗喻】
Visiblemetaphor:
XisY.Youaremysunshine.Youareapainintheneck.
Invisiblemetaphor:
(1)Theprimarytermispresent,butthesecondarytermisnot—butitishintedbyotherwords.
Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.[thesecondaryterm“food”doesnotappearliterally,butitissuggestedbytheverbs“tasted”,“swallowed”,“chewed”and“digested”.]
(2)Thesecondarytermispresentinthesentencebuttheprimarytermisnot.Theprimarytermissuggestedbythesecondaryterm.
Andwecan’tturnbackclocks,andIdon’twantto.[theprimarytermhinted:
historicaltrend]
Sustainedmetaphors:
theprimarytermissuccessivelycomparedtotwoormoresecondaryterms.
Poetryisthescentoftherose,thelighteninginthesky,thegleamofthefly,thesoundofthesea.[Poetryiscomparedtoscent,lightening,gleam,andsound—allindifferentperspectives.]
Extendedmetaphors:
Alltheworld’sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers;theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances,andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,hisactsbeingsevenages.[Theinitialcomparisonis“Theworldisastage.”Itservesabasiccomparisonandthenitisdevelopedbytheconsequentcomparisons,whichserveasitsextendingpart.]
Mixedmetaphors:
Iskimoverthebooktotastethetoneofit.[Tonecannotbetasted.]
Deadmetaphors:
Sheisapeacockineverythingbutbeauty.[Byadding“ineverythingbutbeauty”toit,thespeakermadethedeadmetaphor“sheisapeacock”alive.Thesentencemeans“sheisnotbeautifulatall.”]
10.3Metonymy【换喻,转喻“changeofname”】
(1)Bodypartasanameforthesense,behaviororability
Hehasagoodearformusic.
(2)Nameofapersonasanameforhis/herworksorstyle
WearealltheadmirersofLuXun.
(3)Nameofaclearsignofanobjectorapersonasanamefortheobjectortheperson
Thosebignoses,blueeyesandyellowhairtaughtthemEnglish.
(4)Nameofaplaceasanameforsomethingproducedorsomeeventthathappenedthere
(5)Instrumentorcontainersasanameforthemethod,positionorsubstance
Thekettleisboiling.
(6)Trademarkorbrandasanamefortheproducts
HeisdrivingaFord.
(7)Locationasanameforthegovernment,institutionsorenterprises.
10.4Synecdoche【提喻,整体与部分的关系】
(1)Thepartforthewhole
Hehasmanymouthstofeedinhisfamily.[mouthsforfamilymembers]
Heearnedhisbreadasadustman.[breadforfood]
(2)Thewholeforthepart
Shecutherselfinthekitchen.[herselfforherfinger]
(3)Theabstractfortheconcrete,ortheconcretefortheabstract
Allthewitandlearningoftheworldwereassembledthere.[withandlearningforthewisepeopleandlearnedpeople—theabstractfortheconcrete]
(4)Thespeciesforthegenus,orthegenusforthespecies
Alas,thatspringshouldvanishwiththerose.[roseforflowers—thespeciesforthegenus]
(5)Nameofthematerialforthethingmade
Haveyouanycoppers?
[coppersforcoinsthataremadeofcopper]
10.6Personification【拟人】
Personificationisafigureofspeechwhichattributeshumancharacteristicstoimpersonalthings,suchasanimals,inanimateobjects,orabstractions.
Englandexpectseverymantodohisduty.
Personificationisusuallyemployedtoaddvividnesstoexpression.Itcanbeproducedbytheuseofverbs,nouns,adjectives,adverbsandpronouns.
Timeisthebestphysician.
Personificationscanbedividedintothefollowingtypes.
Animalsandplants:
Flowerspeepedoutfromamongsttheleaves.
Inanimateobjects:
Overheadthestarswinkedmischievouslyatus.
Abstractidea:
Lifehascheatedher.
Nounsoftimeandplaceusedassubjectsfollowedbysuchverbsassee,find,notice,discover,witness,take,etc:
Thiscornerhaswitnessedmanytrafficaccidents.
Personificationisoftenusedinproverbs:
Necessityknowsnolaw.Lieshaveshortlegs.
10.7Parody【仿拟,对名言名句仿写句子】
Theparodyortheimitationisnotonlyforthepurposeofbeingamusingandhumorousbutalsoforconveyingnewinformation.
Parodiescanbedividedintoword-phraseparodies,sentenceparodies,poemparodiesandtoneparodies.
Word-phraseparodies:
NowisthetimetobombthehelloutofGermanyfromWest.They’llsayandbuildupforfinalassault.[BombthehelloutofGermanyistheparodyoftheidiom“knockthehelloutofsomebody”,whichmeans“beatsomebodyunmercifully.”]
Sentencesparodies:
GivemeGreenworld,orgivemeyesterday.
Poemparodies
Toneparodies:
Thesesimilesareaswrongasrainatagardenwedding,andashardaspietoforgetevenifyouhaveamemoryasshortasanelephant’s.Matteroffact,thewholesimilesituationisinapple-piedisorder,asanyonewhoisn’tasdullasabuttonwillagree.(JaneGoodsell,AsSillyasaSimile)[JaneGoodselldeliberatelyusesacoupleof“as…as”tomockatthosewhofavourtheemploymentofsimles.]
10.8Synesthesia【通感,联觉,不同感观结合】
(1)Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseofhearing
Themusicbreathingfromherface
(2)Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseoftouch
Theroomsonthefirstflooraredecoratedwithcoldcolor.
(3)Senseoftouchmixedwithsenseofhearing
Thatisatartreply.
(4)Senseoftastemixedwithsenseofhearing
AsItastedit,atunecameintomyhead.
(5)Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseoftaste
Hegavemeasourlook.
(6)Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseofhearing
Laughthygoldenlaughter
(7)Senseofsmellmixedwithothersenseofmodalities
Aloudperfumecried.
10.9Transferredepithet【转类】
Accordingtothelogicalrelationshipbetweenthewordmodifyingandthewordmodified,wecandividetransferredepithetsintothreegroups.
Parallelrelationship:
Shesattherewithembarrasseddelight.[Shesatthere,embarrassedanddelighted—“Embarrassed”isparallelto“delight”]
Cause-effect/Effect-causerelationship:
Heansweredwithadelightedsmile.[Hesmiledbecausehewasdelighted:
cause—effect]
Modifyingrelationship:
11.2Allusion【典故,引用】
Itisusuallyacasual,briefandimplicitreferencetoafamoushistoricalorliteraryfigureorawell-knownhistoricalevent,whichthewriterassumestobefamiliartohisreaders.
Allusionsmaybeemployedinformsofwords,phrasesorsentences.
Informofwords:
Utopia,phoenix,Cinderella,Bumble,Shylock,Homer
Informofphrases:
Nounphrases:
Achilles’heel,opensesame,cat’spaw
Verbphrase:
sellone’sbirthright,meetone’sWaterloo,bellthecat
PrepositionalPhrase:
undert
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