商业银行管理 ROSE 7e 课后答案 Chapter03.docx
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商业银行管理ROSE7e课后答案Chapter03
CHAPTER3
THEORGANIZATIONANDSTRUCTUREOFBANKINGANDTHEFINANCIALSERVICESINDUSTRY
GoalofThisChapter:
Thegoalofthischapteristoexplorethedifferenttypesoforganizationsusedinthebankingandfinancialservicesindustry,toseehowchangingpublicmobilityandchangingdemandforfinancialservices,theriseofpotentcompetition,andchanginggovernmentruleshavechangethestructure,sizeandthetypesoforganizationsinthisindustry.
KeyTopicsinthisChapter
∙TheOrganizationandStructureoftheCommercialBankingIndustry
∙InternalOrganizationoftheBankingFirm:
SmallerCommunityandLargerMoney-CenterBanks
∙TheArrayofOrganizationalStructuresinBanking:
Unit,Branch,HoldingCompanyandElectronicBanks
∙InterstateBankingandTheRiegle-NealAct
∙TwoAlternativeTypesofBankingOrganizationsasthe21stCenturyOpened:
TheFinancialHoldingCompanyandBankSubsidiariesModel
∙TheChangingOrganizationandStructureofBanking’sPrincipalCompetitors
∙EfficiencyandSize
ChapterOutline
I.Introduction:
OrganizationalFormsandFunctioninBanking
II.TheOrganizationandStructureoftheCommercialBankIndustry
A.AdvancingSizeandConcentrationofAssets
B.IsaCounterTrendUnderway?
III.InternalOrganizationoftheBankingFirm
A.CommunityBanksandOtherCommunity-OrientedFinancialFirms
B.LargerBanks-MoneyCenter,WholesaleandRetail
C.TrendsinOrganization
IV.TheArrayofOrganizationalStructuresandTypesIntheBankingIndustry
A.UnitBankingOrganizations
B.BranchBankingOrganizations
1.OrganizationalCharacteristics
2.Branching'sExpansion
3.ReasonsbehindBranching’sGrowth
4.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofBranchBanking
C.ElectronicBranching-WebsitesandElectronicNetworks:
AnAlternativeandaSupplementtoTraditionalBankBranchOffices?
D.BankHoldingCompanyOrganizations
1.OrganizationalCharacteristics
2.WhyHoldingCompaniesHaveGrown
3.One-BankHoldingCompanies
4.MultibankHoldingCompanies
5.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofHolding-CompanyBanking
V.InterstateBankingandtheRiegle-NealInterstateBankingandBranchingEfficiencyActof1994
A.Riegle-NealInterstateBankingandEfficiencyActof1994
B.ResearchonInterstateBanking
VI.TwoAlternativeTypesofBankingOrganizationAvailableasthe21stCenturyOpenedFinancialHoldingCompanyModelandBankSubsidiaries
A.Gramm-Leach-BlileyAct
B.FinancialHoldingCompanies
C.BankSubsidiaries
VII.MergersandAcquisitionsReshapingtheStructureandOrganizationoftheFinancial-ServicesSector
VIII.TheChangingOrganizationandStructureofBanking’sPrincipalCompetitors
A.Consolidation
B.Convergence
IX.EfficiencyandSize:
DoBiggerFinancialFirmsOperateatLowerCost?
A.EfficiencyinProducingFinancialServices
1.EconomiesofScale
2.EconomiesofScope
3.X-Efficiency
X.FinancialFirmGoals:
TheirImpactonOperatingCost,Efficiency,andPerformance
A.Expense-PreferenceBehavior
B.AgencyTheory
C.CorporateGovernance
XI.SummaryoftheChapter
ConceptChecks
3-1.HowwouldyoudescribethesizedistributionofAmericanbanksandtheconcentrationofindustryassetsinsidetheUnitedStates?
WhatishappeningingeneraltothesizedistributionandconcentrationofbanksintheUnitedStatesandinotherindustrializednationsandwhy?
AlthoughthelargestbanksintheUnitedStatesmakeuponly6%ofallFDICinsuredbanks,theycontrolalmost87%ofalltheindustry’sassets.ThisdevelopmentisaresultofthestrongtrendtowardsconsolidationandconvergenceintheindustrynotonlyintheUnitedStates,butalsogloballyandcanbeexplainedbytheincreasingcompetitivepressuresintheindustryandtheeconomiesofscalethatprevailinbanking.
3-2.Describethetypicalorganizationofasmaller,communitybankandalarger,money-centerbank?
Whatdoeseachmajordivisionoradministrativeunitwithintheorganizationdo?
Smallbanksgenerallyhavefourbasicdepartmentsordivisionscenteredonlending(thecreditfunction),fund-raising,operations,andmarketing(and,perhaps,trustservices).Dailyoperationsareusuallymonitoredbyacashierand/orauditorandbythevicepresidentsinchargeofeachdepartmentanddivision.Overall,thesmallbank'sorganizationchartissimpleanduncomplicated.Incontrast,thelargestbanksusuallyhavemanyspecializeddepartmentsanddivisions,includingseparatedepartmentsfordifferentkindsofloans,departmentstomanagesecurityholdingsandborrowinthemoneymarket,adivisionordepartmenttomanageinternationaloperations,amarketingdivision,andaplanningunitalongwithotherdivisions.
3-3.Whattrendsareaffectingthewaybanksareorganizedtoday?
Ingeneral,banksarebecominglargerandmorecomplexorganizationswithmoredepartmentsandservicesandgreaterspecialization.Deregulationandserviceinnovationhaveacceleratedthistrendasintensecompetitionathomeandabroadhasencouragedbankstobecomelargerorganizations,servingbroaderandmorediversifiedmarketareas.Evensmallbanksarereorganizingtomeetthesechallengesbybeingmoreefficientinmeetingtheirbroader-basedcustomerneeds.
3-4.Whatareunitbanks?
Unitbanksoffertheirfullmenuofservicesfromonlyoneoffice,thoughtheymayoperateanynumberofdrive-inwindows,automatedtellermachines,andpoint-of-saleterminals.Theseorganizationsareverycommontoday.
3-5.Whatadvantagesmightaunitbankhaveoverbanksofotherorganizationaltypes?
Whatdisadvantages?
Unitbankshavetheadvantageofbeinglesscostlytooperatebecausefull-servicebranchofficesareanexpensivewaytogrowand,becauseunitbankstendtoberelativelysmall,theyseemtobeabletoofferpersonalizedservicesbetterthanlargerinstitutions.Onedisadvantageistheheavydependenceofmostunitinstitutionsonasinglemarketareawhichincreasestheirriskoffailureand,someauthoritiesbelieve,unitinstitutionsmaynotbeabletoaffordtechnologicallyadvancedservicedeliverysystems.
3-6.Whatisabranchbankingorganization?
Abranchbankingorganizationsellsitsfullmenuofservicesthroughmorethanoneoffice.Regardlessofitsnumberofofficesitisonecorporationwithoneboardofdirectors.However,eachofficehasitsownmanagementteamwithlimitedauthoritytomakedecisionsoncustomerloanapplicationsandotherfacetsofdailyoperation
3-7.WhattrendinbranchbankinghasbeenprominentintheUnitedStatesinrecentyears?
Branchbankinghasbecomeincreasinglyimportantwiththegreatmajorityofstatesnowallowingstatewidebranching.Today,morestatespermitstatewidebranchingandonlyaminorityrestrictbranchinginsomeway.Therewasanincreaseinthenumberofbranchesinthe60’s,70’sand80’sasthepopulationfledcitiestosuburbanareas.However,inrecentyearsthegrowthinfull-servicebrancheshasslowedbecauseofthesky-rocketingcostsoflandandbuildingofficefacilities.Inaddition,ATM’sandelectronicnetworkshavetakenovermuchoftheroutinebankingtransactions.Thereisnotasmuchneedforfullservicebranchesasbefore.
3-8.Dobranchbanksseemtoperformdifferentlythanunitbanks?
Inwhatways?
Canyouexplainanydifferences?
Branchbankinghasanumberofimportantadvantages.Withofficesspreadoverdifferentareasbranchbanksmayachievemorestableearningsandrevenueflows.Theymaybeabletogrowfasterbecausetheadditionalofficescanbringinmoredebtcapital(principallydeposits)withwhichtogrow.However,researchevidenceaccumulatedinrecentyearssuggeststhataddingnewbranchofficescansubjectthebanktohighfixedcosts,duetolargeandrisingconstructioncosts,whichmeansthebankmustworkhardersimplytoreachabreak-evenpoint.Moreover,branchofficesthatarepoorlysituatedorthathavethemisfortunetobelocatedinanareawhoseeconomyisdeterioratingmaygeneratehighercoststhanrevenuesandsaddlethebankwithpersistentnetearningslosses.
3-9.Whatisabankholdingcompany?
Abankholdingcompanyisacorporationthatholdsanownershipinterestinatleastonebank.Itisalsoallowedtoownnonbankbusinessesaslongastheyarerelatedtobanking.
3-10.WhenmustaholdingcompanyregisterwiththeFederalReserveBoard?
Ifthecompanyownsatleast25percentoftheoutstandingstockofatleastonebankorotherwiseexertsacontrollinginfluenceoveratleastonebank,itmustregisterwiththeFederalReserveBoardandseektheFed'sapprovalifitwishestoincreaseitsshareofownershipinthosebanksinwhichitalreadyhasaninterestorwishestoacquireadditionalbanksornonbankbusinesses.
3-11.Whatnonbankbusinessesarebankholdingcompaniespermittedtoacquireunderthelaw?
TheBankHoldingCompanyAct(asamended)requiresaregisteredbankholdingcompanytoacquireonlythosenonbankbusinessesthatare"closelyrelatedtobanking"and"inthepublicinterest."Amongthemostpopularofthesenonbankbusinessesthathavebeenapprovedforholding-companyacquisitionincludefinancecompanies,mortgagebankingfirms,leasingcompanies,insuranceagencies,dataprocessingfirms,andseveralotherbusinessesaswell.Increasinglyasthe1990sbegan,bankholdingcompaniessoughtapprovaltoacquirefailingsavingsandloanassociationswhichtheFederalReserveBoardgrantedafteracase-by-casereview.TheseS&LacquisitionsweresanctionedbytheU.S.CongresswhentheFinancialInstitutionsReform,Recovery,andEnforcementActwaspassedin1989and,withpassageoftheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationImprovementActin1991,bankholdingcompaniesweregrantedpermissiontoacquireevenhealthysavingsandloan
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