人体部位和英语习语.docx
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人体部位和英语习语.docx
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人体部位和英语习语
人体部位和英语习语
1.HeadTheheadisthoughttobethemostimportantpartofthehumanbody.Soaleaderisoftencomparedtoahead(首脑).ThuswehaveHeadofStateortheheadofadelegation.Theheadiswherethebrainislocated.Itisnaturallyassociatedwithideasandintelligence.Veryoften,weneedotherpeople’sideasandopinionswhenwewanttodosomethingwell.Theisbecausetwoheadsarebetterthanone(三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮).2.EyeTheeyesareextremelyprecioustous.ThatiswhywesayMindyoureye(当心)!
whenweremindingsomeonetobecareful.Notonlyhumanbeingsandanimalshaveeyes,manythingsalsohaveeyes-theeyesofaship,theeyeofaneedle,theeyeofatyphoon,andsoon.3.EarTheearistheorganofhearing.Apieceoflightmusiciseasyontheear.(悦耳动听).Weareusuallyallears(专心聆听)forbitnews.Whentheythinksomebodyisoverhearing,Englishpeopleuseeitherofthetwoproverbs:
Wallshaveears(隔墙有耳)andPitchershaveears(壶罐有耳尖).Niceboysandgirlsrespectotherpeople.Theywillnotsecretlylistentoothers’privateconversations.).Theyalsothinkthatlittlepitchershavebigears(小孩子耳朵4.NoseTheEnglishphrasefacetoface(面对面)anditsChinesecounterpart(对应)areexactlythesame.ButEnglishpeople,toexpressthesameidea,cansaynosetonoseinstead.ThereisnosuchsubstituteinChinese.Thewordnoseappearsinmanyidioms.HerearetwowhicharequitesimilartotheirChineseequivalents:
leadsomebodybythenose(牵着某人的鼻子走)andturnupone’snoseatsomebodyorsomething(对某人或某物嗤之一鼻).Englishpeoplecansayasplainasthenoseinone’sface(一清二楚)tomeanveryobvious.Maybetothem,thenoseisthemostconspicuouspartoftheface.5.LipWehavetwolips:
theupperlipandthelowerlip.Ifone’stwolipsareclosed,onecannotspeak.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthatdon’topenyourlips(不要开口)meansdon’tspeak.Hislipsaresealed.Arehislipsreallystucktogetherbywaxorglue?
No,hislipsaresealedwhenaskedaboutsomethingthathemustkeepsecret.Sometimesatopsecretisbetrayedbecauseithasescapedsomeone’slips(脱口而出).Thentheincidentmaybecomeapieceofnewsthatisoneverybody’slips(众口相传).6.TongueWeallknowwecannotspeakwithoutthetongue.Sothetongueiscloselyrelatedtospeech.Toholdone’stongue(保持沉默)meanstokeepsilent.Apersonwhohastoomuchtongue(太多嘴)isdislikedbyall,forheistootalkative.Mothertongueisnotthetongueofamother:
itisaperson’snativelanguage.Don’tyouhaveamothbelowyournose(你鼻子底下不是有张嘴吗)?
TheChinesesaysotoblameapersonwhodidnotsaywhatheshouldhavesaid.ButthisnottherightwaytoexpresstheideainEnglish.Englishpeoplewouldsay,Youhaveatongueinyourhead,haven’tyou?
7.FaceFacehastodowiththeideaofrespectanddignitybothinChineseandEnglish.Youloseyourface(丢面子)ifyoufailagainandagain,butadecisivevictorywillsaveyourface(挽回面子)afterallyourfailures.Whenyoufeelunhappy,youpullalongface(拉长脸转)doesnotrefertotheface.Itisamilitaryordertoturnroundandfaceintheoppositedirection.Itistheexactequivalentofaboutturn.).TheideaisconveyedinChineseinthesameway.Butaboutface(向后8.ShoulderTheshoulderscanbearheavythings.Yourfatherhasagreatresponsibilityforthefamilyonhisshoulder.Whenfacedwithdifficulty,thefamilyshouldstandshouldertoshoulder(肩并肩)toovercomeit.Youshouldnotturnacoldshoulder(不理睬友).Bothexpressionsmeantreatingotherscoldly.9.Back)toyourfamilymembers.Norshouldyougiveyourfriendsthecoldshoulder(冷落朋Agoodhostishospitabletohisguests.But,ifguestistiresome,thehostisgladtoseehisback(他离开).Ifyourfriendhasdonesomethingreallywell,youmaygivehimapatontheback(轻轻拍背部)toshowyourappreciation.Ifyouturnyourbackonsomebody(不理睬他人),youmeanyoudonotlikemakingfriendswiththatperson.10.HeartTheheartisanextremelyimportantorganinsidethechest.Itusuallystandsforsomethingimportantorthecentreofsomething,forexample,theheartofthematter(问题的核心)ortheheartofmystery.Manyotherexpressionsmakeuseofthewordheart.Alovercanbecalledasweetheart(情人章)isamedalgivenasanhonortoAmericansoldierswoundedinbattle.Ifyourfriendisintrouble,youmayencouragehimbysayingDon’tloseheart(不要灰心).11.Stomach).ThePurpleHeart(紫心徽Thestomachisnaturallyrelatedtoone’sappetite.Ifyoudislikeheavyfood,youhavenostomachforit(反胃).Thewordisalsorelatedtoone’sinterestsorlikings.Ifyoufindsomethingboringorvulgar,youhavenostomachforit,either.Badfoodturnsyourstomach.Similarly,yourstomachturnsatabadjoke.Stomachcanalsobeaverb.Lookatthisexample:
Howcouldyoustomach(忍受)suchrudewords?
Apparently,stomachherecanbereplacedbytolerate.12.ArmEverypersonhastwoarms:
therightarmandtheleftarm.Therightarmisusuallystronger,sowecallagoodhelpertherightarm(得力助手).Weallknowanarmisnotverylong.Butwhenyoukeepsomeoneatarm’slength(保持距离),thedistanceislongenough.Forthatmeansyoudonnotlikethatpersonandyoutryyourbesttoavoidhimorher.Weshouldindeedkeepthebadfriendsatarm’slength.13.HandQuiteanumberofphrasesformedformthewordhandareverysimilartotheirChinesecounterparts.Herearesomeobviousexamples:
afreshhand(新手),shortofhands(人手短缺了).Butdonotalwaystakethisforgranted.Studytheseexamplesandyouwillunderstand.Helivesfromhandtomouth(Hehasjustenoughmoneytoliveon).Wegavethemabighand(W),handinhand(手拉手)andwashone’shandsofsomething(洗手不干egavethemlotsofapplause).14.FingerHowmanyfingersdoeseachofyourhandshave?
Nowlet’snametheminEnglishfromthesmallest:
thelittlefinger,theringfinger,themiddlefinger,theindexfingerandthumb.Eachfingerhasitsownparttoplay.Ifyourfingersareallthumbs(笨拙),thatistoobad.Thatmeansyouareveryclumsy.15.ThumbChinesepeopleturnuptheirthumbstoexpressappreciation.Englishpeopledosotoexpressnotonlyappreciationbutalsoapproval.Chinesepeopleneverturntheirthumbsdowntomeananything.ButEnglishpeopledo.Theydosotoshowdepreciationdisapproval.ThusinEnglishyoucansay,Weturnthumbsup(赞成)toJack’ssuggestionbuttheyturnthumbsdown(不赞成)toit.Similarly,youcanwarmlypraisesomeonebysayingThumbsup(真棒)!
andshowyourdissatisfactionbysayingThumbsdown(差劲)!
16.NailIfyouseetwoofyourclassmatesfightingtoothandnail(又抓又咬),youmuststopthematonce.Otherwise,atleastoneofthemwouldbehurt.Nailalsomeansathinpointedpieceofmetalforhammeringintosomething.Butitisrelatedtothebodyinthissentence:
Peterisashardasnails(结实的象铁打的).Weallhopethatweareasstrongandhealthyasheis.ThenifIsayyouhavehitthenailonthehead(中肯,一针见血),Idonnotmeanthatyouhavedonesomethingcruel.Imeanthatyouhavesaidexactlytherightthing.17.LegThewordlegappearsinmanycolloquialexpressions.Ataparty,whenyoufeellikedancing,youcansaytoagoodfriendofyours,Let’sshakealeg.Obviously,itmeansLet’sdance.Whenyouwantyourfiendtohurry,youcanalsoshakealeg.InAmericanEnglishitmeanshurry.Thearmsandlegsareveryimportanttous.Thereforewhenaskedwhyyouarenotgoingtobuysomethingexpensive,youmayanswer,Itcostsanarmandaleg!
Youmeanthatitisreallyexpensive.Ifyoupullone’sleg,itmeansyoumakefunofsomeone.18.ToeToconveytheideafromheadtofoot,Englishpeoplesansayfromtoptotoe.ButChinesepeopledon’t.Somepeopleturntheirtoesout(八字脚)whentheywalk.Someturntheirtoesin.Whenfacedwithdanger,wemustbealertandreadyforaction,thatistosay,wemustbeonourtoes(保持警惕).19.SkinHumanbeingshaveskin.Sohaveanimalsandplants.Theskincanbethinkorthin.Athink-skinnedperson,orapersonwhohasathinskin,iseasilyupsetoroffendedwhileathick-skinnedperson,orapersonwhohasathinkskin,isquitethecontrary.Bothexpressionsaresometimesderogatory(贬义).Thatistosay,sometimestheformerreferstoapersonwhoistoosensitive;thelatterapersonwhohaslittlesenseofshame.20.HairMostpeoplewillonlythinkofthehaironourheadwhenthewordhairismentioned.Infact,someanimalsandplantsalsohavehair.Ahorriblescenemaymakeaperson’shairstandonend(毛骨悚然).Butacourageouspersonwillnotturnahair(不畏惧)eventhoughheisinfaceofdanger.Sometimes,afriendofyoursmaybesoangrythathemayactfoolishly.Thenyouhadbettergivehimthisadvice:
Keepyourhairon(别发脾气).人体名称的转义与习语在汉语中,人体各部位的名称除本义外,还常常有其他的含义,在英语中,也有类似的情况,以下列出一些常见的用法:
1、Thehead(首脑)ofourstategovernmentisthegovernor.2、Useyourhead(脑筋),andyoullfindaway.3、Hewasafraidtomakeamistakebecausehemightloseface(面子)withhisfriends.4、Alldogshavegoodnoses,butthenoses(嗅觉)ofhuntingdogsarebest.5、Tontookthebreadofhisbrothersmouth(生计).6、Thisoldstatueshowsthehand(手艺)ofagoodsculptor.7、Inthecapitalistcountriestheworkingpeoplelivedatthefoot(底层)ofthesocialladder.8、Theyoungpeopleshouldhavebroadshoulders(重任).9、Beijingistheheart(中心)ofpolitics,economyandcultureinourcountry.10、Theheart(要点)oftheteacherstalkwasthatsheistheretohelpus.11、Theforeignguestshavestomach(爱好)forBeijingroastducks.12、Chineseisourmothertongue(语言).13、Hewassofrightenedofspeakingbeforeanaudiencethathelosthistongue(口才)forafewmoments.14、Thegirlhasasweettooth(嗜好).15、Theyarerelatedbyblood(血统).16、Whoownsthearm(权力)ofthe
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- 人体 部位 英语 习语
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