高考英语 阅读理解综合试题附详细答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解综合试题附详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合试题附详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
GarbagesortinghasbecomeahotissuearoundChina,especiallyafterShanghaibegancarryingoutaregulationonJuly1.
Beijing,asaforerunnerinenvironmentalprotection,hasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.Thecapitalofthecountryhaslongbeencampaigningforsortingandrecyclinghouseholdwaste,aspartofitsenvironmentaldriveforsustainablegrowth,localmediareported.
Thecurrentregulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibilitiestogovernmentdepartments,propertymanagementgroupsandotherorganizations.Italsogivesrulesforcompanies,outlininghowthey'reresponsibleforwastecollection,transportationandtreatment.Onlyindividualsarenotsubjecttoresponsibilities.
Thelong-awaitedrevisionwillsoonchangethesituation,"Takingoutthetrashwithoutsortingitproperlywillbeillegal,"saidSunXinjun,directoroftheBeijingCommissionofUrbanManagement.InShanghai,violatorsarenowfinedupto200yuan($30)fortrash-sortingviolations.ThemaximumfineinBeijingwillnotbelessthanthat,hesaid.
TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstsetouttopromotegarbagesortingin2009.Authoritieshavesincecalledoncitizenstosorttheirhouseholdwasteintofourtypes-recyclablewaste,kitchentrash,dangerouswasteandothers-andleaveitinacorrespondingdustbinortrashcan.Blue-coloreddustbinssignifyitemswithinarerecyclable,greenrepresentskitchentrash,redcorrespondstodangerousmaterialsandgreytootherwaste.
Topromotetheawarenessofgarbagesortingandexpandthebaseofparticipants,authoritieshaveemployedworkerstohelpresidentsonthespot.Withintelligentdevices,thosewhothrowinrecyclablewasteatgivensiteswillberewardedwithbonuspoints,whichcanbeusedtobuydailygoods.Atsomecommunities,therearenocolor-codeddustbins.Instead,ascheduledgarbagecollectionserviceisofferedtohelpimprovetheenvironment.Inothercommunities,workersofferadoor-to-doorservicetocollectrecyclablesorkitchenwaste.
BeijingEnvironmentalSanitationEngineeringGrouphasbeenpromotingnewgarbagesortingfacilitiessuchasrecyclingcabinetsandsmartkitchenwastetrashcanssince2016,XinhuaNewsAgencyreported.Nearly26,000metrictonsofhouseholdwasteisgeneratedacrossBeijingonadailybasisand29terminalgarbagedisposalfacilitiesareworkingatfullcapacity.Nearly9.3milliontonsofhouseholdwastewasprocessedinthecitylastyear.
(1)Accordingtothepassage,whichdustbinsshouldsomeusedcokecansbethrowninto?
A. Grey-coloreddustbins. B. Red-coloreddustbins.
C. Green-coloreddustbins.
D. Blue-coloreddustbins.
(2)Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.
A. newtechnologyhasbeenappliedtohelpdealwithgarbage
B. BeijingcarriedoutamoresevereruleongarbagesortingthanShanghai
C. thechangeofthecurrentregulationhasarousedobjectionamongcitizens
D. theamountofhouseholdwasteinBeijingisfarfromsomethingdisturbing
(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowtoSortGarbageinChina
B.TheCurrentRegulationinBeijing
C.GarbageCollectioninBeijing
D.WasteRecyclingProjectCounts
(4)Thepassagecanbesortedas________.
A.abookreview
B.atravelbrochure
C.anenvironmentreport
D.ageographyessay
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)C
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“Blue-coloreddustbinssignifyitemswithinarerecyclable,”可知,蓝色垃圾箱装的是可回收垃圾,而用过的可乐罐属于可回收垃圾,应投入蓝色垃圾箱内,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“Withintelligentdevices,thosewhothrowinrecyclablewasteatgivensiteswillberewardedwithbonuspoints”可知,有了智能设备,那些将垃圾投入到指定垃圾箱的市民将获得奖励积分,由此可知,新技术已应用于帮助处理垃圾,故选A。
(3)考查主题大意。
通读全文,特别是根据第二段中的“Beijing,asaforerunnerinenvironmentalprotection,hasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.”可知,本文主要介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况,故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
通读全文可知,本文主要介绍的是垃圾分类在北京的实施情况,这属于环保话题,因此文章可能是一份环境报告,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Mars(火星)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."ItsuggeststhatitwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.
Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.
Becauseliquidwaterisessentialtolife,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.
ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.
Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdark,narrowstreaks(条痕)onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.
Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.
Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.Scientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingice.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,whichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphere.OritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyer,leadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogram,saidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth—somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offin2020willdo.
(1)AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeld,thereseemstobe onMars.
A. saltywater B. standingwater C. rocketfuel D. humanbeings
(2)Scientistsareuncertainaboutthe ofthewateronMars.
A.state
B.source
C.temperature
D.taste
(3)WhatmatterstotheexistenceofliquidwateronMars?
A.Thedistancefromthesun
B.Thefavorableclimate
C.Thegravityoftheearth
D.Thesaltinit
(4)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.StreamsofWaterSpottedonMars
B.AstronautswillLandonMars
C.NASA'sMarsExplorationProgram
D.ABreakthroughintheExplorationofMars
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了火星上有水的迹象,进而推断火星上可能有生命,但是水的来源仍旧是一个迷。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Mars(火星)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。
可知,火星上好像有盐水。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第七段中的“Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.”水的来源是个迷,可知,科学家还不确定水的来源。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第六段“Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.”即使在夏天火星也极其寒冷,在温度达到零下10华氏度的地方水纹还存在。
但是盐可以降低水的结冰点并融化冰。
可知,水里的盐决定了火星上液体水的存在。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Mars(火星)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。
可知,“在火星看到了溪水”适合做本文最佳标题。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Evenifyou'veneverbeentoPhoenix,youknowthisabouttheplaceIt'shot.FromJunetoSeptember,thetemperaturecaneasilysurpassthecenturymark.Butthatdoesn'tstophikersfromattemptingthe1.3-milehikingtothetopofthecity'sfamedCamelbackMountain.Signswarnthatthetrailis"extremelydifficult".Ifyoucontinue,apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwaterperperson.Andifyou'restillnotstopped,anothersignfartherupdeclares:
"Ifyou'rehalfwaythroughyourwater,turnaround!
"
Unfortunately,manypeopletonottakethewarningsseriously.Fortunatey,ScottCullymoredoes.The53-year-oldCullymorecanbefoundhikingupanddownCamelbackacoupleoftimesaday,givingoutcoldbottlesofwatertoworn-outhikers.Hehashelpedhydratesomanyhikersthathehasearnedaheavenlynickname:
theWaterAngel.
CullymorewasonCamelbackMountainonedayin2015whenaBritishtouristdiedafterbeinglostfornearlysixhoursintheJulyheat.ThatexperienceinspiredhimtostarthelpingpeoplecaughtunawarebythecrueltyofMotherNature."Theyunderestimatethemountain,andtheyoverestimatewhattheycando,andtheygetthemselvesintrouble."hewarned.
Onehikerwhowasofferedwateragrees."Youthinkyouknowtheheat,butthenyougetouthereinthedesertanditsurroundsyoulikeablanket,"saidAustinHill,whowashikingwithahighschoolfriend.Theywerelucky,hesaidpointingtoCullymore."WeranintothisGoodSamaritanhere."Andwiththat,theWaterAngelgoesinsearchofanotherhikerinneed.
(1)Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Therisksinvolvedinthehiking.
B. Theseriousnessofthewarnings.
C. Thedistributionofsignsthatwarnhikers. D. Theinfluenceofthetemperatureonhikers.
(2)WhydidsomehikersonCamelbackMountaingetintrouble?
A. Theywerenotwelltrainedinhiking.
B. Theyforgottotakeenoughwaterwiththem.
C. Theyweretoooptimisticaboutthesituation.
D. Theywerenotfitenoughtohikethemountain.
(3)WhatcanweknowaboutAustinHill?
A. Heagreedtohelpothers. B. HewassavedbyCullymore.
C. Hehikedaloneinthedesert. D. Heregrettedtakingablanket.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthet
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