TEDóóY2oòaê2ìà演讲致辞模板.docx
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TEDóóY2oòaê2ìà演讲致辞模板.docx
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TEDóóY2oòaê2ìà演讲致辞模板
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whenyouhave21minutestospeak,twomillionyearsseemslikeareallylongtime.butevolutionarily,twomillionyearsisnothing.andyetintwomillionyearsthehumanbrainhasnearlytripledinmass,goingfromtheone-and-a-quarterpoundbrainofourancestorhere,habilis,tothealmostthree-poundmeatloafthateverybodyherehasbetweentheirears.whatisitaboutabigbrainthatnaturewassoeagerforeveryoneofustohaveone?
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well,itturnsoutwhenbrainstripleinsize,theydon’tjustgetthreetimesbigger;theygainnewstructures.andoneofthemainreasonsourbraingotsobigisbecauseitgotanewpart,calledthe“frontallobe.”andparticularly,apartcalledthe“pre-frontalcortex.”nowwhatdoesapre-frontalcortexdoforyouthatshouldjustifytheentirearchitecturaloverhaulofthehumanskullintheblinkofevolutionarytime?
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well,itturnsoutthepre-frontalcortexdoeslotsofthings,butoneofthemostimportantthingsitdoesisitisanexperiencesimulator.flightpilotspracticeinflightsimulatorssothattheydon’tmakerealmistakesinplanes.humanbeingshavethismarvelousadaptationthattheycanactuallyhaveexperiencesintheirheadsbeforetheytrythemoutinreallife.thisisatrickthatnoneofourancestorscoulddo,andthatnootheranimalcandoquitelikewecan.it’samarvelousadaptation.it’suptherewithopposablethumbsandstandinguprightandlanguageasoneofthethingsthatgotourspeciesoutofthetreesandintotheshoppingmall.
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now--(laughter)--allofyouhavedonethis.imean,youknow,benandjerry’sdoesn’thaveliver-and-onionicecream,andit’snotbecausetheywhippedsomeup,trieditandwent,“yuck.”it’sbecause,withoutleavingyourarmchair,youcansimulatethatflavorandsay“yuck”beforeyoumakeit.
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let’sseehowyourexperiencesimulatorsareworking.let’sjustrunaquickdiagnosticbeforeiproceedwiththerestofthetalk.here’stwodifferentfuturesthatiinviteyoutocontemplate,andyoucantrytosimulatethemandtellmewhichoneyouthinkyoumightprefer.oneofthemiswinningthelottery.thisisabout314milliondollars.andtheotherisbeingparaplegic.so,justgiveitamomentofthought.youprobablydon’tfeellikeyouneedamomentofthought.
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interestingly,therearedataonthesetwogroupsofpeople,dataonhowhappytheyare.andthisisexactlywhatyouexpected,isn’tit?
butthesearen’tthedata.imadetheseup!
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thesearethedata.youfailedthepopquiz,andyou’rehardlyfiveminutesintothelecture.becausethefactisthatayearafterlosingtheuseoftheirlegs,andayearafterwinningthelotto,lotterywinnersandparaplegicsareequallyhappywiththeirlives.
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now,don’tfeeltoobadaboutfailingthefirstpopquiz,becauseeverybodyfailsallofthepopquizzesallofthetime.theresearchthatmylaboratoryhasbeendoing,thateconomistsandpsychologistsaroundthecountryhavebeendoing,haverevealedsomethingreallyquitestartlingtous,somethingwecallthe“impactbias,”whichisthetendencyforthesimulatortoworkbadly.forthesimulatortomakeyoubelievethatdifferentoutesaremoredifferentthaninfacttheyreallyare.
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fromfieldstudiestolaboratorystudies,weseethatwinningorlosinganelection,gainingorlosingaromanticpartner,gettingornotgettingapromotion,passingornotpassingacollegetest,onandon,havefarlessimpact,lessintensityandmuchlessdurationthanpeopleexpectthemtohave.infact,arecentstudy--thisalmostfloorsme--arecentstudyshowinghowmajorlifetraumasaffectpeoplesuggeststhatifithappenedoverthreemonthsago,withonlyafewexceptions,ithasnoimpactwhatsoeveronyourhappiness.
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why?
becausehappinesscanbesynthesized.sirthomasbrownwrotein1642,“iamthehappiestmanalive.ihavethatinmethatcanconvertpovertytoriches,adversitytoprosperity.iammoreinvulnerablethanachilles;fortunehathnotoneplacetohitme.”whatkindofremarkablemachinerydoesthisguyhaveinhishead?
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well,itturnsoutit’spreciselythesameremarkablemachinerythatalloffushave.humanbeingshavesomethingthatwemightthinkofasa“psychologicalimmunesystem.”asystemofcognitiveprocesses,largelynon-consciouscognitiveprocesses,thathelpthemchangetheirviewsoftheworld,sothattheycanfeelbetterabouttheworldsinwhichtheyfindthemselves.likesirthomas,youhavethismachine.unlikesirthomas,youseemnottoknowit.(laughter)
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wesynthesizehappiness,butwethinkhappinessisathingtobefound.now,youdon’tneedmetogiveyoutoomanyexamplesofpeoplesynthesizinghappiness,isuspect.thoughi’mgoingtoshowyousomeexperimentalevidence,youdon’thavetolookveryfarforevidence.
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asachallengetomyself,sinceisaythisonceinawhileinlectures,itookacopyofthenewyorktimesandtriedtofindsomeinstancesofpeoplesynthesizinghappiness.andherearethreeguyssynthesizinghappiness.“iamsomuchbetteroffphysically,financially,emotionally,mentallyandalmosteveryotherway.”“idon’thaveoneminute’sregret.itwasagloriousexperience.”“ibelieveitturnedoutforthebest.”
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whoarethesecharacterswhoaresodamnhappy?
well,thefirstoneisjimwright.someofyouareoldenoughtoremember:
hewasthechairmanofthehouseofrepresentativesandheresignedindisgracewhenthisyoungrepublicannamednewtgingrichfoundoutaboutashadybookdealhehaddone.helosteverything.themostpowerfuldemocratinthecountry,helosteverything.helosthismoney;helosthispower.whatdoeshehavetosayalltheseyearslateraboutit?
“iamsomuchbetteroffphysically,financially,mentallyandinalmosteveryotherway.”whatotherwaywouldtherebetobebetteroff?
vegetably?
minerally?
animally?
he’sprettymuchcoveredthemthere.
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moreesebickhamissomebodyyou’veneverheardof.moreesebickhamutteredthesewordsuponbeingreleased.hewas78yearsold.hespent37yearsinalouisianastatepenitentiaryforacrimehedidn’tmit.hewasultimatelyexonerated,attheageof78,throughdnaevidence.andwhatdidhehavetosayabouthisexperience?
“idon’thaveoneminute’sregret.itwasagloriousexperience.”glorious!
thisguyisnotsaying,“well,youknow,thereweresomeniceguys.theyhadagym.”it’s“glorious,”awordweusuallyreserveforsomethinglikeareligiousexperience.
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harrys.langermanutteredthesewords,andhe’ssomebodyyoumighthaveknownbutdidn’t,becausein1949hereadalittlearticleinthepaperaboutahamburgerstandownedbythesetwobrothersnamedmcdonalds.andhethought,“that’sareallyneatidea!
”sohewenttofindthem.theysaid,“wecangiveyouafranchiseonthisfor3,000bucks.”harrywentbacktonewyork,askedhisbrotherwho’saninvestmentbankertoloanhimthe3,000dollars,andhisbrother’simmortalwordswere,“youidiot,nobodyeatshamburgers.”hewouldn’tlendhimthemoney,andofcoursesixmonthslaterraycrochadexactlythesameidea.itturnsoutpeopledoeathamburgers,andraycroc,forawhile,becametherichestmaninamerica.
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andthenfinally--youknow,thebestofallpossibleworlds--someofyourecognizethisyoungphotoofpetebest,whowastheoriginaldrummerforthebeatles,untilthey,youknow,senthimoutonanerrandandsnuckawayandpickedupringoonatour.well,in1994,whenpetebestwasinterviewed--yes,he’sstilladrummer;yes,he’sastudiomusician--hehadthistosay:
“i’mhappierthaniwouldhavebeenwiththebeatles.”
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okay.there’ssomethingimportanttobelearnedfromthesepeople,anditisthesecretofhappiness.hereitis,finallytoberevealed.first:
accruewealth,power,andprestige,thenloseit.(laughter)second:
spendasmuchofyourlifeinprisonasyoupossiblycan.(laughter)third:
makesomebodyelsereally,reallyrich.(laughter)andfinally:
nevereverjointhebeatles.(laughter)
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ok.nowi,likezefrank,canpredictyournextthought,whichis,“yeah,right.”becausewhenpeoplesynthesizehappiness,asthesegentlemenseemtohavedone,weallsmileatthem,butwekindofrolloureyesandsay,“yeahright,youneverreallywantedthejob.”“ohyeah,right.youreallydidn’thavethatmuchinmonwithher,andyoufiguredthatoutjustaboutthetimeshethrewtheengagementringinyourface.”
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wesmirkbecausewebelievethatsynthetichappinessisnotofthesamequalityaswhatwemightcall“naturalhappiness.”whataretheseterms?
naturalhappinessiswhatwegetwhenwegetwhatwewanted,andsynthetichappinessiswhatwemakewhenwedon’tgetwhatwewanted.andinoursociety,wehaveastrongbeliefthatsynthetichappinessisofaninferiorkind.whydowehavethatbelief?
well,it’sverysimple.whatkindofeconomicenginewouldkeepchurningifwebelievedthatnotgettingwhatwewantcouldmakeusjustashappyasgettingit?
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withallapologiestomyfriendmatthieuricard,ashoppingmallfullofzenmonksisnotgoingtobeparticularlyprofitablebecausetheydon’twantstuffenough.iwanttosuggesttoyouthatsynthetichappinessiseverybitasrealandenduringasthekindofhappinessyoustumbleuponwhenyougetexactlywhatyouwereaimingfor.now,i’mascientist,soi’mgoingtodothisnotwithrhetoric,butbymarinatingyouinalittlebitofdata.
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letmefirstshowyouanexperimentalparadigmthatisusedtodemonstratethesynthesisofhappinessamongregularoldfolks.andthisisn’tmine.thisisa50-year-oldparadigmcalledthe“freechoiceparadigm.”it’s
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