届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题8.docx

届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题8.docx

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届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题8

黑龙江鸡西市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练选编

（2）及答案

【2014高考英语二诊考试】

请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whydowelaughandgetamusementfromsomanydifferentthings，frompuns（双关语）topratfalls?

Whyaresomethingsfunnytosomepeopleandnottoothers?

Howisthatwhileasuccessfuljokecancausepleasure，asickonecancauseseriousharm?

Overthecenturies，variousscholarshaveattemptedtoproduceauniversallyagreed-upontheoryofhumor．PlatoandAristotleintroducedthesuperiority（优越感）theory，theideathatpeoplelaughatthemisfortuneofothers．Theirtheoryseemstoexplainteasing，butitdoesn’tworkwellforknock-knockjokes．SigmundFreudarguedforhisrelieftheory，theconceptthathumorisawayforpeopletoreleasepsychologicaltensionandrevealtheirinnerfearsanddesires．Histheoryworkswellfordirtyjokes，lesswellformostpuns．

Themajorityofhumorexpelstodayagreewiththeincongruitytheory，theideathathumorariseswhenthere’sagapbetweenwhatpeopleexpecttohappenandwhatactuallyhappens．Incongruityhasalotgoingforit—jokeswithunexpectedfunnylines，forexample，fitwell．Butscientistshavefoundthatincomedy，unexpectednessisovervalued．

Withthegoalofdevelopinganew，moresatisfactoryexplanation，Iproduced“thegentleviolation（违背）theory”，theideathathumorariseswhensomethingseemswrongorthreatening，butisactuallyOKorsafe．Adirtyjoke，forexample，tradesonmoralorsocialviolations，butit’sonlygoingtogetalaughifthepersonlisteningisopenenoughtoconsiderthesubjectOKtotalkabout．Similarly，punscanbeseenaslinguisticviolationsthatstillmakegrammaticalsense．

Andwhilemosthumortheorieshavestruggledtoaccountfortickling（挠痒痒），orjustavoidedthephenomenonaltogether，mytheoryaccountsforeventhiskindoflaughter．Ticklinginvolvesviolatingsomeone’sphysicalspaceinagentleway．Peoplecan’tticklethemselves—becauseitisn’taviolation．

52．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsPlatoandAristotle’stheory?

A．Critical．B．ApprovingC．uncaringD．Unclear

53．AccordingtoSigmundFreud’stheory，wecaninferthat__________.

A．peoplewilllaughwhentheyseeotherssuffer

B．tellingdirtyjokesisareliefofone’snervousfeelings’

C．unexpectednesscanexplainhowhumorworks

D．ticklingdoesn’tinvolvepsychologicaltension

54．Accordingtotheauthor，whyaresomethingsfunnytosomepeoplebutnottoothers?

A．Becausethesenseofhumorvariesgreatlyfrompersontoperson．

B．Becausepeoplehavedifferentexpectationsforthesamething．

C．Becausesomepeoplelackthesenseofsafetydeepintheirheart．

D．Becausepeople’sunderstandingofviolationisdifferent．

55．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthispassage?

A．Todrawpeople’sattentiontotheresearchofhumor．

B．Tocriticizepeople’smisconceptionsabouthumor．

C．Toexplainwhatexactlycausespeopletolaugh．

D．Toprovethesenseofhumorcanbedeveloped．

【参考答案】52—55、ABDC

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

（ReligionandRationality）

  Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:

thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

  Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

  Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?

Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?

Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.   Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as

[A].thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

[C].apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

[D].ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

2.   WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A].Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

[C].Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

[D].Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

3.   Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat

[A].itisunawareofultimategoals.        .itisunimaginative.

[C].itsfindingsareexactandfinal.        [D].itresemblessocietyandart.

4.   Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

[A].itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

[C].ithasdisappointedmankind.

[D].ithasinspiredmankind.

5.   Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe

[A].imaginative.              .aproviderofhopeforthefuture.

[C].ahighlyintellectualactivity     [D].ineffectual.

Vocabulary

1. grace           恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告

2. chide           责备

3. sentiment         情感

4. inviolate          不受侵犯的，纯洁的

5. intent           意义，含义

6. piecemeal         一件件，逐渐的，零碎的

7. bubbleup         起泡，沸腾，兴奋

8. veer            改变方向，转向

9. abortive          夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。

10. pale            范围，界限

11. draught          要求

12. oracle           神谕宣誓，预言，圣言

13. antidote          解毒药，矫正方法

14. correlate          相互关系

15. dislocate          使离开原来位置，打乱正常秩序

16. gratuitous         无偿的，没有理由的。

17. debauch          使失落，放荡

18. sanction          支持，鼓励，认可

19. impede           妨碍，制止

20. ineptitude          不恰当，无能，愚蠢

21. insinuate          暗示

22. remould           重塑，重铸

23. aspiration          抱负，壮志

24. arrogate           没来由反把……归于（to）

25. literal            朴实的，字面的

26. intelligible          可以理解的。