高考英语真题分类汇编专题17 阅读新题型.docx

高考英语真题分类汇编专题17 阅读新题型.docx

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高考英语真题分类汇编专题17阅读新题型

专题十七阅读理解之阅读新题型

1.【2015·北京卷】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分。

共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

ThisWaytoDreamland

Daydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._71__Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.

Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.__72__Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?

Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?

First,understandthatsomeopportunities（机会）fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.__73_Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.

It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.__74__

Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.____75_

Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.

A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.

B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.

C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelatively,CokeorPost-itnotes.

D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.

E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.

F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.

G.Therefore,it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.

【解析】

【考点定位】生活类短文阅读

【名师点睛】本文是七选五常考的建议类说明文，第1、2自然段为概念的提出及导入，第3段明确了下文的内容：

如何在“白日做梦”中趋利避害。

文章结构清晰，干扰选项较易排除，整体难度不大，文章的主题“如何培养创新的想法”，除了理解整篇文章及选项外还要注意文章中的副词，代词，逻辑连接词以及特殊概念名词的出现。

文章结构清晰，可读性强，提示词明显。

因此，日常练习中要侧重以抓住文章结构及段落主旨为主，兼顾辨析选项，尤其是根据核心词排除干扰项的做题技巧。

学生需要遵循先易后难的原则，来提高正确率。

2.【2015·江苏】任务型阅读（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）

请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:

请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.

Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.

Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.

Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.

Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:

hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.

Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?

Divisionof

newsstories

●Peopleexpecttoget（71）▲fromreadingnews.

●Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.

●Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.

（72）▲of

thetwoclasses

●Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual（73）▲.

●Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand（74）▲similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.

●Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta（75）▲tothem.

●Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto（76）▲fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto（77）▲fromthereality.

Unstableboundaries

ofthetwoclasses

●Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir（78）▲.

●Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand（79）▲themselvestothereality.

●Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,（80）▲onthereader.

【答案】

71．rewards/rewarded

72．Explanations

73．involvement

74．share

75．threat

76．prepare

77．withdraw

78．profession（s）/intention

79．adapt

80．depends

【解析】

试题分析：

文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。

难度较14年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降。

71．信息查找题。

根据“Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。

72．信息归纳题。

文章二、三、四段是对“immediatereward（即时回报）”和“delayedreward（迟来的回报）”的解释。

73．信息转换题。

根据第三段第二句“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。

74．信息归纳题。

根据第三段中“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder…laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。

因此此处填share“同样有”。

75．信息查找题。

根据第四段中“Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,…Ithasakindof‘threatvalue.’”可知此处填threat“威胁”。

76．信息转换题。

根据第四段中“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。

77．信息查找题。

根据第四段中“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.”此处填withdraw“退出，离开”。

78．归纳概括题。

根据最后一段中“Forexample,asociologistmay…Acoachmay…Apoliticianmay…”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。

此处填profession（s）“职业”/intention“意图，动机”。

79．信息查找题。

根据第四段中“Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。

80．归纳概括题。

根据最后一段中“whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。

此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。

【考点定位】任务型阅读。

【名师点睛】任务型阅读一般的解题思路可归纳为四步曲，即“审题”→“略读”→“边细读边解题”→“复核”。

“审题”，即看清题目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有数。

“略读”，指的是快速阅读、掌握大意。

了解阅读材料的文体，作者的观点和态度。

“边细读边解题”，指通过细读题目和文章中相关信息完成指定任务。

考生应注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句，有助于理解文章。

理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容，可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理，同时也可缩小信息范围，确定考查内容。

根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，是单词或词组。

填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。

同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。

“复核”即检查核对初步完成的所要求的任务。

注意拼写是否正确以及大小写等。

3.【2015·广东】信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先阅读下列活动介绍：

A.

B.

ANightofGlamorandIntrigueatShanghaiBundin1930

TocelebrateAsiaheritagemonth,TrendyNewYorkisproudtopresent“CheongsamNightout--AdatewithCheongsambeautiesinShanghaiBund1930”.

May16,9:

00PM-May17,12:

00AM.EDT

330West40thStreet,NewYork.NY10018

PickingPartners---NEWYORK

FeaturingadaptationsfromChineseandWesternclassic,includingworksfromChineseAcademyAward---winningcomposerTanDun,theBeijingGuitarDuoteamedupwithCubanguitarvirtuosoManuelBarrueco（right）foraChinaWestConcertattheNewYorkHistoricalSocietyonApril23.

C.

D.

HeroesofHistory:

LegacyofMyChineseFamily

JoinusasactressTinaChenrecountsthefascinatingstoryofthreegenerationsofhermother’sfamilyandtheircontributionstothehistoryofChina.

Friday,May8,6:

30PM--7:

30PM

ChinaInstitute

125East65thStreet,NewYork,NY10065

Greatshorts---NEWYORK

AphotographyexhibitionheldbyHANMediatocelebrateitsfoundinginNewYorkCityonApril24,featuringthreeemergingChinesephotographers;YingxiMichaelShi,HaiyinLinandLimingGuan,whoseworkshaveappearedinpublicationssuchasVogue,ELLE,TheNewYorkTimesandothers.

E.

F.

Forbiddendelights---NEWYORK

ThefirstsessionoftheChinaInstituteinAmericashortcourseBeijing:

TheCityThroughItsArchitectureopensonWednesday.NancyS.SteinhardtdiscussestheForbiddenCityandBeijing’simperialarchitecture.

PassingontheKunquArt:

FromMa