精简英国文学教案Week3.docx
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精简英国文学教案Week3.docx
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精简英国文学教案Week3
Week3
目的:
了解早期诗歌的情况及分析乔叟的代表作。
1.Epic,alongnarrativepoemcelebratingthegreatdeedsofoneormorelegendaryheroes,inagrandceremoniousstyle.Thehero,usuallyprotectedbyorevendescendedfromgods,performssuperhumanexploitsinbattle,oftensavingorfoundinganation.Beowulfisaprimaryepic,asistheoldestsurvivingepicpoem.BeowulfisanOldEnglishheroicepicpoemofunknownauthorship,datingasrecordedintheNowellCodexmanuscriptfrombetweenthe8th[1][2]andtheearly11thcentury,[3]setinDenmarkandSweden.CommonlycitedasoneofthemostimportantworksofAnglo-Saxonliterature,Beowulfhasbeenthesubjectofmuchscholarlystudy,theory,speculation,discourse,and,at3182lines,hasbeennotedforitslength.
Inthepoem,Beowulf,aherooftheGeats,battlesthreeantagonists:
Grendel,whohasbeenattackingtheresidentwarriorsofameadhallcalledHeorotinDenmark;Grendel'smother;andanunnameddragon.Thelastbattletakesplacelaterinlife,afterreturningtoGeatland(modernsouthernSweden),whereBeowulfhasbecomeking.Inthefinalbattle,Beowulfisfatallywounded.AfterhisdeathhisretainersburyhiminatumulusinGeatland.
ThecommonEnglishpronunciationof"Beowulf"is/ˈbeɪ.ɵwʊlf/.InOldEnglishthe"ēo"inBēowulfwasadiphthong,[ˈbeːo̯wʊlf]).[4]
2.Alliterationistherepetitionofinitialconsonantsoundsinneighboringwords.Example:
Incliches:
sweetsmellofsuccess,adimeadozen,biggerandbetter,jumpforjoy
Wordsworth:
AndsingsasolitarysongThatwhistlesinthewind.
Theancientpoetsoftenusedalliterationinsteadofrhyme;inBeowulftherearethreealliterationsineveryline.Forexample:
NowBeowulfbodeintheburgoftheScyldings,Leaderbeloved,andlongheruledInfamewithallfolksincehisfatherhadgone...
3.Romance,afictionalstoryinverseorprosethatrelatesimprobableadventuresofidealizedcharactersinsomeremotesetting.Medievalromanceisdistinguishedfromepicbyitsconcentrationoncourtlyloveratherthanwarlikeheroism.SirGawainandgreenknight
4.BalladAformofversetobesungorrecitedandcharacterizedbyitspresentationofadramaticorexcitingEPISODEinsimplenarrativeform.Fastenwithabar
5.Heroiccoupletsarelinesofiambicpentameterthatrhymeinpairs(aa,bb,cc).
AssoonasAprilpiercestotheroot
ThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshoot.
GeneralPrologueand24Tales29nunThewifeofBathShehasmarried5husbands,andsheexpectsoneortwomore
Significance:
structureLondondialectunique6.TheWifeofBath:
OneoftwofemalestorytellerstheWifehasalotofexperienceunderherbelt.Shehastraveledallovertheworldonpilgrimages,soCanterburyisajauntcomparedtootherperilousjourneysshehasendured.Notonlyhassheseenmanylands,shehaslivedwithfivehusbands.Sheisworldlyinbothsensesoftheword:
shehasseentheworldandhasexperienceinthewaysoftheworld.Althoughsheisargumentativeandenjoystalking,theWifeisintelligentinacommonsense,ratherthanintellectualway.Throughherexperienceswithherhusbands,shehaslearnedhowtoprovideforherselfinaworldwherewomenhadlittleindependenceorpower.Thechiefmannerinwhichshehasgainedcontroloverherhusbandshasbeeninhercontrolovertheiruseofherbody.TheWifeusesherbodyasabargainingtool,withholdingsexualpleasureuntilherhusbandsgiveherwhatshedemands.Sheiswonderfulcompanyprovidedoneisnotmarriedtoherandcancontemplate
fromadistancethefateofthesixthhusbandwhomsheisseekingasvoraciouslyas
shedidhispredecessors:
"Welcomethesixth,whenthateverheshall."Shallwhat?
HavethetemeritytogettooclosetothismedievalVenusFlytrap,andbe
devoured?
underone'sbelt1.Fig.eatenordrunkandinone'sstomach.(Fig.ontheimageofswallowedfoodendingupunderone'sbelt.*Typically:
getsomething~;havesomething~.)Ineedtohavesomethingfillingundermybelt.I'vehaditwithjustsoup.Iwanttogetanicejuicysteakundermybelt.
2.Fig.achieved;countedorscored.(Fig.on{2}*Typically:
havesomething~.)Minniehasoverfourhundredwinsunderhisbelt.Thisfighterpilothasover20killsunderhisbelt.
3.Fig.learned;mastered.(Fig.on{2}.*Typically:
getsomething~.)Finally,shegotgoodpaintingtechniquesunderherbelt.WhenIgettherightproceduresundermybelt,Iwillbemoreefficient
有电影
Synopsis
"TheMiller'sTale"isofastudent(Nicholas)whopersuadeshisjealousoldlandlord'smuchyoungerwife(Alison)tosleepwithhim.TheyplanawaytohavesexbydupingJohn,thelandlord,throughanelaborateschemeinwhichNicholasconvinceshimthathehasfound,throughhisastrology,thatafloodofBiblicalproportionsisimminent.Theirsafetydepends,saysNicholas,onwaitingovernightinseparatetubssuspendedfromtherafters,andtocuttheirtubsfromtheroofwhenthewaterhasrisen.Headdsthatifthelandlordtellsanyoneelsepeoplewillthinkheismad(althoughhesaysthistomakesurethatnomantellsthelandlordtoseesenseinthematter).ThiscomicprankallowsNicholasandAlisontheopportunitytosneakdown,afterthelandlordfallsasleep,andhavesex.
WhileNicholasandAlisonlietogether,thefoppishandfastidiousparishclerk,Absolon,whoisalsoattractedtoAlisonandbelievesherhusbandtobeaway,appearskneelingatthebedchamber'slow"shot-wyndowe"(privyvent)andasksAlisonforakiss.Inthedarkness,shepresentsher"hole"(bottom)atthewindowandhe"kissedhernakedarsefullsavorly".Herealizestheprankandgoesawayenraged.Heborrowsaredhotcoulter(ablade-likeploughpart)fromtheearly-risingblacksmith.Returning,heasksforanotherkiss,intendingtoburnAlison.ThistimeNicholas,whohadrisenfrombedtogototheprivy,stickshisownbacksideoutthewindowandfartsinAbsolon'sface.Theenragedsuitorthruststhecoulter"amiddetheers"(betweenthecheeks)burningNicholas'"toute"(anus)andtheskin"ahands-breadthroundabout".Inagony,Nicholascriesforwater,awakeningJohn.Hearingsomeonescreamingaboutwater,hethinksthattheSecondFloodhascome,panics,andcutshistubloose,fallingtothefloorandbreakinghisarm.TherestofthetownawakenstofindhimlyinginthetubandinaccordancewithNicholas'prophecy,heisconsideredamadman,andacuckoldtoo.
Introduction
Chaucer'slifeandwork:
GeoffreyChaucerwasbornabout1340.HediedonOctober25,1400,intheyearaftertheaccessionofHenryIVandthedeathofRichardII,whosereign,startingin1377,thusfallsentirelyinthepoet'slife.Thesonofaprosperouswine-merchant,ChaucerenteredthehouseholdofPrinceLionel(laterDukeofClarence)in1357,beginningaverysuccessfulcareerasacourtier(akindofcivilservantanddiplomat).Hewaspage,amongothers,toJohnofGauntandbrieflysawmilitaryservice:
capturedin1360onanexpeditionintheArdennes,hewaspromptlyransomed,partlybytheking,ameasureofChaucer'svaluetothestate.Chaucerrosetohighoffice,becomingaJusticeofthePeaceforKentand,in1386,aKnightoftheShire.InthisyearhiscareerwasinterruptedbyJohnofGaunt'sabsenceinSpain,butonGaunt'sreturnin1389,Chauceragainwaspromotedtohighoffice.ChaucerlivedthroughtheplagueknownastheBlackDeath,thePeasants'Revolt(1381,aprotestagainsttheoriginalPollTax)andthedepositionofRichardII.Inspiteoftheturbulenceofthetimes,asshown(retrospectively)inShakespeare'shistoryplays,Chaucerseemstohaveenjoyedsuccessandfavourthroughouthiscareer.HewasthefirstpoettobeburiedinwhatisnowknownasPoets'CornerinWestminsterAbbey.
AlthoughmuchexcellentliteraturewaswritteninEnglishbeforetheNormanConquest,theformofthelanguage(OldEnglish,sometimesknownasAnglo-Saxon)makesitforeigntothemodernreader,whiletheliteraryformsaresimilarlyremotefromus.ChauceristhefirstwriterofnotetoproducesubstantialworksinaformofEnglishthatisrecognisablythesamelanguagethatwespeakandwritetoday.Tomanyreaders,Chaucer'sEnglishisstilldifficulttoreadwithouthelp,butunderthesurfacedifficultieswefindmuchthatisreadilyaccessibletothemodernstudent.Intheestimationofmostcritics,ChauceristhemostimportantwriterinEnglishbeforeShakespeare,andoneofthehandfulofEnglish-speakingauthorswhosemeritsarenotindispute:
heisknown,forthesereasons,asthe“FatherofEnglishLiterature”.
Chaucerwashighlyeducatedandreadwidely,inLatin,FrenchandItalian.Hisreadinginfluencedbothhissubjectsandhismethodsasawriter.Hisworkincludesanumberoflongpoeticworks,startingwithTheBookoftheDuchessandTheRomanceoftheRose(aparttranslationofanallegoricalFrenchpoem).LaterworksareTheParliamentofFowls,TheHouseofFame,TroilusandCriseydeandTheLegendofGoodWomen.Aswellasmanyshortpoems,ChaucerwroteaprosetranslationofTheConsolationofPhilosophybyBoethius.
TheCanterburyTales
Chaucer'smostcelebratedworkiscertainlyTheCanterburyTales.Begunbythe1380s,itwasnevercompleted,andmodernversionsofitareproductionsofscholars,whohaveattemptedtomaketheleastbadarrangementofitsvariouscompletedparts.Editorsknowthesepartsas"Fragments"buttheyareofconsiderablelength.
WithinaverydetailednarrativeaboutavisittoCanterbury,Chaucersetsaseriesofstories.These"tales"arenarratives,mostlyinverse(Chaucer'sownstoryofMelibeeandTheParson's
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