tpo 综合写作文本答案.docx
- 文档编号:29856892
- 上传时间:2023-07-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:22.18KB
tpo 综合写作文本答案.docx
《tpo 综合写作文本答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《tpo 综合写作文本答案.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
tpo综合写作文本答案
TPO24
Animalfossilsusuallyprovideverylittleopportunitytostudytheactualanimaltissuesbecauseinfossilstheanimals'livingtissueshavebeenlargelyreplacedbyminerals.Thus,scientistswereveryexcitedrecentlywhenitappearedthata70-million-year-oldfossilofTyrannosaurusrex(T.rex),adinosaur,mightstillcontainremainsoftheactualtissuesoftheanimal.ThediscoverywasmadewhenresearchersdeliberatelybrokeopentheT.rex'slegbone,therebyexposingitsinsidestorevealmaterialsthatseemtoberemainsofbloodvessels,redbloodcells,andcollagenmatrix.
First,thebreakingofthefossilizedlegbonerevealedmanysmallbranchingchannelsinside,whichprobablycorrespondtohollowsintheboneswherebloodvesselswereoncelocated.Theexcitingfindingwasthepresenceofasoft,flexibleorganicsubstanceinsidethechannels.ThissoftsubstancemayverywellrepresenttheremainsoftheactualbloodvesselsofT.Rex.
Second,microscopicexaminationofthevariouspartsoftheinnerbonerevealedthepresenceofspheresthatcouldbetheremainsofredbloodcells.Testsshowedthatthespherescontainediron-amaterialvitaltotheroleofredbloodcellsintransportingoxygentotissues.Moreover,thesphereshaddarkredcenters(substanceswithirontendtobereddishincolor)andwerealsoaboutthesizeofredbloodcells.
Third,scientistsperformedatestonthedinosaurlegbonethatshowedthatitcontainedcollagen.Collagenisafibrousproteinthatisamaincomponentoflivingbonetissue,inwhichitformsaso-calledcollagenmatrix.Collagen(oritschemicalderivatives)isexactlythekindofbiochemicalmaterialthatonewouldexpecttofindinassociationwithbonetissue.
Asmuchaswewouldliketohavetheremainsofactualdinosaurtissue,therearesoundreasonsforbeingskepticaloftheidentificationsmadeinthereading.
First,thesoft,flexiblesubstanceinsidethebonechannelsisn'tnecessarilytheremainsofbloodvessels.Itismuchmorelikelytobesomethingelse.Likewhat?
Youmightsay.Well,longafteranorganismisdied,bacteriasometimescolonizehollows,emptyareasinbones,likethechannelsthatonceheldbloodvessels.Whenbacterialivedinsidebones,theyoftenleavebehindtracesoforganicmaterial.Whattheresearchersinthereadingareidentifyingasbloodvesselsmightjustbetracesofsoftandmoistresidueleftbybacteriacolonies.
Allright.Whatabouttheiron-filledspheres?
Well,theproblemisthatscientistsfoundidenticalreddishspheresinfossilsofotheranimalsfoundinthesameplace.Thatincludesfossilsofprimitiveanimalsthatdidnothaveanyredbloodcellswhentheywerealive.Clearly,ifthesespheresappearinorganismsthatdidnothaveanyredbloodcells,thenthespherescannotbetheremainsofredbloodcells.Thespheresprobablyhaveaverydifferentorigin.Theyareprobablyjustpiecesofreddishmineral.
Third,thecollagen.Theproblemisthatwehaveneverfoundcollageninanimalremainsthatareolderthanonehundredthousandyears.Collagenprobablycannotlastlongerthanthat.Findingcollagenfromananimalthatlivedseventymillionyearsagowouldreallycontradictourideasabouthowlongcollagencanlast.Itisjusttooimprobable.Themostlikelyexplanationforthepresenceofcollagenisthatitdoesn'tcomefromtheT.rex,butfromanothermuchmorerecentsource.Forexample,humanskincontainscollagen,sothecollagenmayhavecomefromtheskinoftheresearcherswhoarehandlingthebone.
Inthereadingpassage,ittalksaboutthefossilsrelatedtoanimaltissues,however,theprofessorholdsdifferentideas.
Tobeginwith,inthereadingmaterial,welearnthatthelotsoftinybranchingchannelsarefoundinsideofthelegbonefossil.Thereadingmaterialarguesthatsofttissueisexpectedtobefoundinthechannels.However,theprofessorthinksthatthechannelsaremorelikelytobeleftbybacteria.
Inaddition,inthereadingpassage,ittalksaboutthatspheresarefoundininnerboneandredbloodcellscanberemained.Andinthereadingpassage,itgivesevidencethatthespherehaveredcenters.Howevertheprofessorindicatesthatthereisnoevidenceshowthatcreatureatthattimehadredcellsandtheredcentersshouldbesomethingelse.
Asafinalpoint,inthereadingpassage,ittalksaboutthatcollagenisfoundonthelegbone.Collagenisactuallyabiochemicalmaterial,whichisexpectedtobeanassociationwithbonetissue.
However,theprofessorsaysthatcollagenisnotlikelytoliveaslongas7millionyear.Itmaybesomerecentmaterial.Forinstant,itmaybefromthehandskinoftheresearchers.
Inconclusiontheprofessordoesnotagreewiththereadingpassage.
TPO25
In1938anarchaeologistinIraqacquiredasetofclayjarsthathadbeenexcavatedtwoyearsearlierbyvillagersconstructingarailroadline.Thevesselwasabout2,200yearsold.Eachclayjaycontainedacoppercylindersurroundinganironrod.Thearchaeologistproposedthatvesselwereancientelectricbatteriesandevendemonstratedthattheycanproduceasmallelectriccurrentwhenfilledwithsomeliquids.However,itisnotlikelythatthevesselswereactuallyusedaselectricbatteriesinancienttimes.
Firstofall,ifthevesselswereusedasbatteries,theywouldprobablyhavebeenattachedtosomeelectricityconductorssuchasmetalwires.Butthereisnoevidencethatanymetalwireswerelocatednearthevessels.Allthathasbeenexcavatedarethevesselsthemselves.
Second,thecoppercylindersinsidethejarslookexactlylikecoppercylindersdiscoveredintheruinsofSeleucia,anancientcitylocatednearby.WeknowthatthecoppercylindersfromSeleuciawereusedforholdingscrollsofsacredtexts,notforgeneratingelectricity.Sincethecylindersfoundwiththejarshavethesameshape,itisverylikelytheywereusedforholdingscrollsaswell.Thatnoscrollswerefoundinsidethejarscanbeexplainedbythefactthatthescrollssimplydisintegratedoverthecenturies.
Finally,whatcouldancientpeoplehavedonewiththeelectricitythatthevesselsweresupposedtohavegenerated?
Theyhadnodevicesthatrepliedonelectricity.Asbatteries,thevesselswouldhavebeencompletelyuselesstothem.
Yourreadingsaysthatthesevesselswerenotusedasbatteriesinancienttimes,buttheargumentsusedinthereadingarenotconvincing.Thebatteryexplanationcouldverywellbecorrect.
First,abouttheabsenceofwiresorotherconductors,Remember,vesselswerediscoveredbylocalpeople,notarchaeologists.Thesepeoplemighthavefoundothermateriallocatednearthejars.Butsincetheywerenottrainedarchaeologists,theymaynothaverecognizedtheimportanceofthatmaterial.Somaterialsservingaswiresorconductorsmighthavebeenoverlookedasuninterestingoreventhrownaway.We’llneverknow.
Second,itistruethatthecoppercylindersinthevesselsaresimilartocylindersusedtoholdscrolls,butthatdoesnotreallyproveanything.It’spossiblethatthecoppercylinderswereoriginallydesignedtopreservescrolls.Andthatsomeancientinventorlaterdiscoveredthatifyouusethemtogetherwithironrodsandsomeliquidinaclayvessel,theywillproduceelectricity.That’showthefirstancientbatterycouldhavebeenborn.Inotherwords,thecoppercylinderscouldhavebeenoriginallyusedforonepurpose,butthenadaptedforanotherpurpose.
Finally,there’sthequestionofthepossibleusesofthebatteryintheancientworld.Well,thebatterycouldproduceamildshockortinglingsensationwhensomeonetouchedit.Thiscouldverywellhavebeeninterpretedasevidenceofsomeinvisiblepower.Youcaneasilyseehowpeoplecouldconvinceothersthattheyhadmagicalpowersthroughtheuseofthebattery.Also,thebatterycouldhavebeenusedforhealing.Modernmedicineusesmildelectriccurrenttostimulatemusclesandrelieveachesandpains.Ancientdoctorsmayhaveusedthebatteriesforthesamepurpose.
Inthereadingmaterial,theauthorstatesthatthevesselsfoundinIraqin1938werenotactuallyusedaselectricbatteriesinancienttimes.Howeverinthelisteningmaterial,theprofessorrefutesthattheargumentisunconvincingasitwasusedasbatteries.
First,accordingtothereadingpassage,theauthorsuggeststhatiftheywereusedasbatteries,theywouldhavebeenattachedtosomeelectricityconductors.Howeverinthelistening,theprofessorclaimsthatweshouldrememberthatthediscoverywasmadebylocalpeoplealongwithsomeothermaterials.Astheywerenottrainedasarchaeologist,theycouldnotrecognizetheimportanceofsomecertainexcavations.
Perhapstheywereoverlookassomethinguninterestedandthenthrownaway.Second,theauthorinthereadingmaterialmentionsthatthevesselswerelikelyusedforholdingscrolls.Unfortunatelytheprofessorarguesthatitcouldnotproveanything.Itispossiblethatthevesselsmaybeoriginallydesignedtoscrolls.Howeverancientinventorthendiscoveredthatifthevesselswereusedwithironrodandsomeliquid,itcouldgeneratetheelectricity.Sothecoppercylindersmaybeoriginallyusedforonepurposebutadaptedforanotherpurpose.
Finally,theauthorofthereadingpassageassertsthatthevesselswouldhavebeencompletelyuselesstoancientpeopleastheyhadnodevicesthatrepliedonelectricity.Inthecontraryinobviouslycontradictswiththelisteningpassageinwhichtheprofessorcontendsthatthebatterycouldgeneratesomemildshockandthisalsointerpretsevidenceofsomeinvisiblepowerthathowpeopleconvinceotherstheyhadthemagicpower.Alsoitcouldbeused
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- tpo 综合写作文本答案 综合 写作 文本 答案