unit 6上教师用书讲解.docx

unit 6上教师用书讲解.docx

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unit6上教师用书讲解

Earnasyoulearn?

PARTI

UNDERSTANDINGANDLEARNIING

Overview

Thisunitconcernstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcollegestudentsdoingparttimejobs.Thisisatopiccloselyrelatedromanystudents,whotakepart-timejobseithertomeettheirfinancialneedsortoaccumulateexperiencefortheirfuturecareer.However,accordingtosomeresearches,part-timeemploymentmayunderminestudents'commitmenttostudy.

TextAisareportofresearchontherelationshipbetweenpart-timeemploymentandstudents'commitmenttostudy.Itfocusesonsomeundesirableeffectsthatpart-timejobsmayhaveonstudents'academicperformanceandprovidesexplanationsforthesenegativeeffects:

Workingstudentsmayspendlesstimedoingschoolassignments,gettootiredfromworktostudy,viewschoollessrewarding,andincreasealcoholanddrugusebecausetheyhavemoresparemoney.Theauthorthensuggeststhatstudentsshouldworknomorethan10hoursaweektoensureacademicsuccess.

Incontrast,TextBstressesthebenefitsofworkingpart-timethroughtheauthor'sownexperienceasaworkingstudent.Theauthoradvocatesthatcollegestudentsshouldworktopaytheirowntuition.Part-timeemploymentnotonlymakesitpossibleforstudentstobefinanciallyindependent,butalsobooststheefficiencyoftheirstudy.

WhileTextAandTextBpresenttwocontrastingviewsonstudents'part-timeemployment,bothtextsaimtourgestudentstothinkaboutwhethertheyneedtotakepart-timejobsandhowtheycanstrikeabalancebetweenworkandstudyiftheydo.Thekeyissueisnotwhetherstudentsshouldworkornot,buthowmuchtimetheyshouldspendonworking.

Bothtextshavestrongarguments,buttheyaredevelopedinverydifferentways.Asaresearchreport,TextAiswell-organized.Theauthorpresentstheresearchobjective,researchmethods.Researchfindings,explanationsforthefindings,andfinallygivestheconclusionoftheresearch.Theauthorusesstatisticstoconvincethereaderandtriestobeasobjectiveaspossible.Bycomparison,theauthorofTextBputsforwardhisownideasbasedonhisownexperience.Theauthormanagedtopayhistuitionthroughwork,withoutcompromisinghisschoolperformance.Theauthornotonlyfreedhimselffromtheworriesofdebtpaymentsaftergraduation,butalsomadehisparentsfeelproudofhavinganindependentchild.

Sincethetwotextspresenttwocontrastingviewswitharguments,theteachercanaskstudentstothinkcriticallywhenreadingthetexts.InreadingTextA,studentsmaythinkabouthowtobenefitfromworkingpart-timewithouthavingtheirschoolperformanceundermined.InreadingTextB,studentscanthinkwhethertheauthor'ssingularwayofpayinghistuitionissuitableforother'bstudentsaswell.Inaddition,theymaycomparethetwotextsintermsofthedevelopmentofargumentsandtheuseofevidence.Theymaythendecidewhichtextismoreconvincing.Besides,studentsshouldpayspecialattentiontotheorganizationpatternofTextAasatypicalresearchpaper,andtrytouseasimilarpatternwhenpreparingthesurveyreportfortheUnitproject.

SectionA

Toworkornottowork-Thatisthequestion

DetailedStudyofthetext

1.Toworkornottowork-Thatisthequestion（Title）

Meaning:

Shouldstudentsworkornotwork?

Thatisanimportantquestion,whichrequirescarefulconsideration.

NoteThetitleisareferencetoaquotefromWilliamShakespeare'sHamlet:

“Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion.”ForHamletitwasalife-or-deathquestion.Heretheauthormeansthat"toworkornottowork"isalsoanimportantquestion.Foranotherexample:

Quantityorquality,thatisthequestion.是重数量还是重质量，这是个问题。

2.Therearenumerousandreliablewaysbywhichonecanmeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,andweusedseveralinourresearch.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Therearemanyreliablemethodstostudyhowworkaffectsstudents'schoolperformance,andweusedafewofthemethodsinourresearch.

*numerous:

a.many许多的，很多的

Thelibraryhasnumerousbooks,morethanIhaveeverexpected.这个图书馆有大量的图书，比我预想的要多得多。

*reliable:

a.abletobetrustedordependedon可信赖的；可靠的

Areliableemployeedoeshis/herjobwithminimalerror.一个可靠的员工工作起来错误最少。

3.Wealsocontrastedworkerswithnon-workers,ondifferentindicatorsoftheircommitmenttoeducation.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Wealsocomparedthedifferencesbetweenworkingstudentsandnon-workingstudentsintermsofdifferentaspectsthatshowhowtheyarecommittedtotheirstudy,

*contrast:

vt.comparetwothings,ideas,people,etc.toshowhowdifferenttheyarefromeachother使成对比；使成对照

Inheressay,theauthorcontraststhepresenteconomiccrisiswiththeone10yearsago.作者在文中就当前的经济危机和十年前的经济危机进行了对比。

vi.（oftwothings）bedifferentfromeachother,ofteninanoticeableorinterestingway形成对比

Herdarkhaircontrastedsharplywithherpalesilkgown.她的黑头发和她的浅色丝绸礼服形成了强烈的对比。

n.[C,U]adifferencebetweenpeople,ideas,situations,things,etc.thatarebeingcompared差异；差别

Thebookpresentsaveryinterestingcontrastbetweenlifenowandlife100yearsago.这本书把现在的生活和100年之前的生生活进行了十分有趣的对比。

*indicate:

vt.

1）showthataparticularsituationexists,orthatsth.islikelytobetrue表明；显示

Theanalysesindicatethatinaircraft/saccidents,thesystemismostoftenatfault,nottheoperator.这些分析表明，在飞机失事事故中往往是系统出了问题，而非操作人员出现失误。

2）sayordosth.tomakeyourwishes,intention,etc.clear表明（意向等）

ProfessorSmithhasindicatedhisintentiontoretireattheendoftheyear.史密斯教授表示打算今年年底退休。

*indicator:

n.[C]sth.thatcanberegardedasasignofsth.else指示物；指示者

Agealoneisapoorindicatorofaperson'scapability,sowemustconsiderotheraspects.单看年龄不能说明一个人的能力，因此我们必须考虑其他方面。

NOTEInthesentencetheprepositiononmeans"aboutaparticularsubject"or"intermsof".Forexample:

ThesedaysI'vebeenreadingabookonAustralia.这些天我一直在读一本有关澳大利亚的书。

4.Additionally,wefollowedstudentsovertimeastheyincreasedordecreasedtheirworkhours,andweassessedhowdifferentpatternsofemployrnentalteredschoolperformanceandengagement.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Wealsoobservedstudentsforaperiodoftimeastheyspentmoreorfewerhoursworkingpart-time,andwemadeajudgmentabouthowtheincreasedorreducedworkingv9hourschangedtheirschoolachievementandcommitment.

*additionally:

ad.aswellaswhathasalreadybeenmentioned,agreed,etc.另外；此外

Exercisecanhelpolderadultsimprovestrengthandbalance.Additionally,itcanimprovetheconditionoftheirheartsandqualityoflife.锻炼有助于老年人增强体力和平衡能力。

另外，锻炼还能改善他们的心脏功能和生活质量。

*decrease:

v.becomelessorgodowntoalowerlever,ormakesth.dothis（使）变小；使减少

Intheevening,one'sbodytemperaturebeginstodecreaseinpreparationforsleep.夜晚，人的体温开始下降，为睡觉做准备。

n.[C,U]theprocessofbecomingless,ortheamountbywhichsth.becomesless减少；减少的量

Thankstothegreateffortsmadebythepolice,crimehasbeenonthedecreaseinthepastfewyears.由于警察的巨大努力，过去几年的犯罪率呈下降趋势。

*assess:

vt.

1）makeajudgmentaboutapersonorsituationafterthinkingcarefullyaboutit评价；评定

Theyareconductingasurveytoassesstheimpactofadvertisingonpeople'sconsumerbehavior.他们正在进行一项调查，测评广告对于人们消费行为的影响。

2）calculatethevalueorcostofsth.估价；估计

ThevalueofthehousewasassessedatonemillionUSdollars.该房屋估价为100万美元。

*alter:

v.change,ormakesb.orsth.change（使）变化；（使）改变

Ifitrainswe'llhavetoalterourplanfortheholiday.如果下雨，我们将不得不改变假期的计划。

*performance:

n.[C,U]howwellorbadlyaperson,company,etc.doesaparticularjoboractivity（工作或活动中的）表现

Theteacherevaluatedtheperformanceofeachstudent.老师对每个学生的表现都作出了评价。

*engagement:

n.

1）[U]（fml.）thefeelingofbeinginvolvedinaparticularactivity参与（感）

Studentscanimprovetheirlearningskillsthroughengagementincreativework.学生可以通过参与创造性的工作来提高自己的学习技能。

2）[C]anagreementbetweentwopeopletomarry,ortheperiodoftimetheyareengaged婚约；订婚期间

SheastonishedeverybodybyannouncingherengagementwithPeter.她宣布自己和彼得订婚了，这个消息让大家大吃一惊。

3）[C]anofficialarrangementtodosth.,esp.onethatisrelatedtoyourwork（尤指与工作有关的）约定；约会

Thepublicwaseagertoreadarticlesabouttheprincess,especiallyaboutherpublicengagements.公众热切希望读到有关这位公主的文章，尤其是关于她的公开活动。

5.Wehavesimplifiedandclassifiedthedataandtheresultsareclear:

Thestakesarehigh.（Parc.2）

*stake:

n.

1）（-s）[pl.]thethingsthatyoucangainorlosebytakingarisk,e.g.inbusinessorpolitics赌注；风险

Theyfinallyrejectedtheideaofbuildingashoppingcenterinthesmalltownbecausethestakeswerehigh.他们最终还是放弃了在小镇上建一座购物中心的想法，因为风险太大了。

2）[C]moneythatyouriskastheresultofahorserace,cardgame,etc.（赛马、牌局等的）赌注，押金

Foradollarstake,youcanwinupto$1,000,000.押一美元的赌注，你最多可以赢一百万美元。

3）[C]thepartofabusinessthatyouownbecauseyouhaveinvestedmoneyinit股份

Heholdsa30%stakeinthefirm.他在这家公司拥有30%的股份。

6.Aheavycommitmenttoapart-timejobduringtheacademicyear,say,working20hoursperweekormore,underminesandsignificantlyinterfereswithschoolachievementandcommitment.（Para.2）

*academic:

a.（usu.beforenoun）relatingtoeducation,esp.atcollegeoruniversitylevel学术的

Thetraditionalacademicdisciplinesarelesspopularamongstudents,whonowprefersubjectssuchasbusinessstudies.传统的学术科目在学生中不太受欢迎，如今学生们更喜欢商科等科目。

*say:

vt.usesth.asapossibleexample比方说；比如

Whydon'twehaveabreakuntil,say,11:

00?

为什么我们不休息一下，比方说休息到11点？

*undermine:

vt.graduallymakesb.orsth.lessstrongoreffective逐渐削弱；逐渐损害

Someoneistryingtounderminetherelationshipbetweenyouandme.有人试图破坏我俩之间的关系。

*significant:

a.

1）verylargeornoticeable相当数量的；显著的

Theyhaveallinvestedsignificantamountsoftimeandenergyinm