大学英语四级开头句结尾句中间段句子7.docx
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大学英语四级开头句结尾句中间段句子7.docx
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大学英语四级开头句结尾句中间段句子7
开头段的常用核心句型归纳如下,可选择使用:
●Asopposedtogenerallyacceptedviews,Ibelievethat…
●Thearguermayberightabout…,butheseemsto
neglecttomentionthefactthat….
●Althoughitiscommonlyagreedthat…,itisunlikelyto
betruethat….
●Thereisanelementoftruthinthisstatement,butitignores
adeeperandmorebasicfactthat….
●Inallthediscussionanddebateover…,oneimportant
factisgenerallyoverlooked.
●Onthesurface(Atfirstthought),it(this)mayseem
asound(anattractive)suggestion(solution/idea),butcarefulweighingonthemind(oncloseranalysis/onsecondthought),wefindthat…
●Althoughmanypeoplebelievethat…,Iwonderwhether
theargumentbearsmuchanalysis
●Thedanger(problem/fact/truth/point)isthat….
●IagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseIbelievethat….
●Thereisapubliccontroversyforthemomentoverthe
issueof…Thosewhoobjectto…arguethat….Butpeoplewhofavor…,ontheotherhand,arguethat….
●Currently(Inrecentyears/Inthepastfewyears/For
manyyearsnow),therehasbeenawidespreadfeeling
towards…
●AsfarasIamconcerned,however,Ibelievethat….
●Nowitiscommonlyacknowledged)that…
ButIwonder(doubt)whether…
结尾段
结尾段的写作方法:
●总结归纳
简要总结归纳文章要点,以便深化主题印象。
如:
InconclusionIwouldliketosaythatchildrenneedtobeunderstoodbutchildrenalsoneedtounderstandtheirparents.Itisonlywhenparentsandchildrencometounderstandeachotherthatwecansolveproblemseffectivelyandnarrowthegenerationgap.
分析:
文章通过inconclusion引出对前面所作论述的归纳,使主题更加明确。
●重申主题
再次强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想。
如:
Admittedly,sciencehascreatedatomicbombsandproducedpervasivepollution.Butithastransformedthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Ithasmultipliedman’senergy,hopes,ambitionsandunderstanding.Ithaselevatedandwillcontinuetoelevatemanintellectuallyandspiritually.
分析:
文章对前文的观点进行了重复,使之更加鲜明。
●预测展望
立足当前,放眼未来。
如:
Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetoothers.Ibelievethattherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.
分析:
文章通过对未来积极的展望,说明了爱在生活中的重要性。
●提出建议
提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。
如:
Astheissueplayssuchakeyroleinoursociety,sufficientattentionshouldbepaidfromboththegovernmentandthepublic.Thegovernmentshouldmakesurethatthecensusiswellcarriedoutandthepeopleshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinthecensus.
分析:
文章在结尾从政府和公众两个角度提出建议,以保证人口普查的顺利进行。
●提出问题
提出具有发人深省的问题,从而突出中心思想。
如:
Oldpeoplemaychoosetolivealoneforthemselvesandevenembracethislivingpattern.Butinthedeeppartoftheirhearts,theymustfeellonely.Theyneedtheirchildrentostaywith,totalkwith,andtakecareofthem.Whycan’tyoungpeoplethinkofthedayswhentheyaregettingold?
分析:
文章最有用一个反问句“年轻人为什么不想想自己年老时的情形”来提醒他们将心比心,设身处地,去关心父母双亲。
●引用格言
用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。
如:
Manyyeasago,agreatphilosopherFrancisBaconremarkedthat“Knowledge…ispower.”Thiscannowbetranslatedintocontemporaryterms.Inoursocialsetting,“Knowledgeischange”—andacceleratingknowledge-acquisition,fuelingthegreatengineoftechnology,meansacceleratingchange.
分析:
文章借用培根“知识就是力量”名言的结构,指出“知识就是变化”以深化主题,给读者留下深刻的印象。
结尾段常用的核心句型:
●Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabovefromallevidence
offered,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat…
●Alltheevidencesupportsanunshakableconclusion
that…
●Itishightimethatweplacegreatemphasisonthe
improvementof…
●Itishightimethatweputanendtothedeep-seated
Situationof…
●Wemustsearchforanimmediateactionasthepresentsituationof…,ifpermittedtocontinue,willsurelyleadto…
●Thereisnoimmediateapproachtotheproblemof…,
but…mightbebeneficial.
●Noeasysolutioncanbeathandguaranteedtosolvetheproblemof…,butthecommonrecognitionofthenecessityof…mightbethefirststeptowardschange.
●Followingthesesuggestionsmaynotguaranteethe
successinsolutionto…,butthepay-offwillbeworththeeffort.
●Obviously,ifweignoretheproblem,thereisevery
chancethat….
中间段
中间段的任务是依据开头段所交代的内容来阐述文章的论点,围绕主题或论点展开讨论,或就具体要求进行描述和说明。
中间段是文章的正文,其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。
中间段篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长,每段有相应的主题句,包含定义、解释、描写等手法,说明主题思想的扩展句采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段,当然不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。
中间段有以下具体特点:
✓所涉及内容应该准确、清楚,颇具说服力;
✓段落中一定具备主题句;
✓段落内容应该保持完整、统一,没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节;
✓内容顺序安排合理,逻辑性较强;
✓段落之间连贯自然;
✓段落中讨论的内容主次分明,材料比例适当;
✓词与句型运用合理并且有变化。
常用的中间段展开方法归纳如下:
●列举法
例如:
Eatingwildanimalsgivesrisetoalotofnegativeeffects.Inthefirstplace,asmanywildanimalscarryparasites,whenweeatthem,theparasitesenterourbodies,thuscausingalotofillnesses.Thesevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)isacaseinpoint.Itwasreportedthatthevirusderivedfroma“delicious”animalandthediseasehasclaimedthousandsoflivesthroughouttheworldandbroughtgreatdamagestopeople’sproperties.Inthesecondplace,sinceanimalsareanindispensablepartofourenvironment,theextinctionofsomeanimalsmaydisturbthenaturalbalance.Lastbutnottheleastimportant,eatingwildanimalsiscruel.Afterall,wildanimalsareourclosefriends.
分析:
文章利用Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,Lastbutnottheleaseimportant列举了吃野生动物所带来的危害。
●比较对比法
例:
Peoplewhobelieveinthebeneficialsidemayhavesomeargumentsasfollows.Tobeginwith,farmerscanearnmoremoneybyworkinginthecities.Mostofthemwillsendpartoftheirincomebackhometohelptheirfamilies.What’smore,thesefarmerswillhelpdevelopthecitiesinmanyways.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,mostoftheconstructionprojectsinbigcitiesareactuallydonebyfarmers.
Bycontrast,somepeoplearguethatfarmermigrationmaygiverisetoaseriesofnegativeeffects.Theyworrythatmuchlandwillbedesertedinthecountry.Inaddition,itisalsobelievedthatrisingcrimesincitiesarepartlyrelatedtothismigration.
分析:
文章利用Bycontrast对农民工迁移到城市这一现象所带来益处与弊端进行了对比分析。
●因果法
例:
ThehamburgeristhemostpopularfooditemintheUnitedStates.EveryyearAmericansconsumebillionsofthem.Theyaresoldinexpensiverestaurantsandinhumblediners.Theyarecookedathomeonthekitchenstoveoroverabarbecuegrillinthebackyard.Whyaretheysopopular?
First,ahamburgerisextremelyeasytoprepare.Itisnothingmorethanapieceofgroundbeef,cookedforafewminutes.Thenitisplacedinaslicedbun.Nothingcouldbesimpler.Evenanunskilledcookcanturnouthundredsoftheminanhour.Besidesthat,thesimplehamburgercanbevariedinmanyways.Youcanmeltsomecheeseontopofthebeeftocreateacheeseburger.Youcanalsoaddsomegrilledbaconforaninterestingflavorcontrast.Inaddition,youcangarnishthehamburgerwithotherthingssuchaslettuce,tomato,onion,mushrooms,avocado,pickles,hotpepper,ketchup,relish,mayonnaise,mustardorwhateveryouwish!
分析:
文章先在第一段的结尾用问句提出汉堡为什么这么受欢迎,紧接着下一段以原因列举展开。
●例证法
例:
Takemyneighborasanexample.Therearethreemembersintheirfamilyandthetwoadultswerelaidofflastyear.Theonlychildwillhavetodropoutofschoolnextsemester.Inordertohelpthem,Idonatedallmymoney—300Yuantopaythetuition.AndIplantocallonotherstodonatemoremoney.ThoughIcannotdoalot,Ihavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.
分析:
文中以我帮助邻家孩子的事情为例说明了展示爱的方式,并在段落结束时重申了论点。
●发展过程法
例:
Tobuildyourownsunscope,getacartonandcutaholeinoneside,bigenoughtopokeyourheadthrough.Pastewhitepaperontheinteriorsurfacethatyouwillbefacing.Thenpunchapinholeintotheoppositesidehighenoughsothatthelittleshaftoflightwillmissyourhead.Forasharperimageyoucanmakeabetterpinholebycuttingaone-inchsquareholeinthecarton,tapingapieceofaluminumfoiloverthishole,andthenmakingthepin-holeinthefoil.Finally,tapetheboxshutandcoveralllightleakswithblacktape.
分析:
文章利用Then,andthen,finally层层展开,说明了制作sunscope的方法。
●定义法
例:
Diligenceisthekeytosuccess.Itmeanspersistentworkanddoesnotmeanthatwearetoexertourselvesalldayandnightwithoutrest,withoutfoodandwithoutsleep.Thetruemeaningofdiligenceisthecarefuluseoftimeforthepurposeofimprovement,ortoworkpersistentlywithoutanywasteoftime.
分析:
本段用means对Diligence进行了定义说明,使之更具体,更容易被理解。
●分类法
例:
Nowadaysthenewsmediamainlyconsistsofradio,televisionandnewspapers.Eachtypehasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages.
Newspapersaretheoldestformforcommunicatingthenews.Todaymanypeoplestillbegintheirdaybyreadingthemorningpaperwhilehavingbreakfast,andendtheirdaybyreadingtheeveningpaperwhilehavingdinner.
Theinventionoftheradiohashadatremendousinfluenceontheworld.Itisabletobringup-to-minutenewstodistantplacesinamatterofseconds.Thusthedevelopmentoftheradiohasmadetheworldasmallerplace.
Televisionisthemostrecentlydevelopeddeviceforcommunication.Itallowsustoseeaswellastohearthenews.Thefactthatitenablespeopletoseevisualimageshashadaconsiderableeffectonourperceptionsofworldevent.
分析:
文章对报纸、收音机和电视三类新闻媒介分开进行说明,指出了每种的特点,使读者一目了然。
中间段常用的核心句型:
✧Althoughthepopularbeliefisthat…,acurrent(new/recent)study(survey/poll/investigation)indicates(shows/demonstrates)that….
✧Commonsensetellsusthat….
✧Theincrease(change/failure/success)in…mainly(largely/partly)resultsfrom(arisesfrom/isbecauseof)….
✧Theincrease(change/failure/success)in…isdueto(owingto/attribu
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