if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句.docx
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if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句.docx
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if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句
if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句
If的用法
if的条件从句分为真实条件从句和虚拟条件从句。
真实条件从句:
真实条件从句适用于主将从现,是假设有可能发生的。
一.位置
在if 引导的条件状语从句中,既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。
若if 条件句
放句首,从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。
Youwillcatchthebusifyougetupearly.=Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchthebus.
二.时态
1.(主祈从现)
主句:
一般现在时态(包含祈使句和含有情态动词can,may,must等的句子)
从句:
一般现在时态
2.(主将从现)
主句:
一般将来时态
从句:
一般现在时态
3.从句:
现在进行时,主句:
一般将来时
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他。
4.if从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时
If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账
5.if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件,则主从句大多用一般现在时态。
如:
If bears are in danger ,they attack people.
三.注意事项
1.在if引导的条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时态时,不能使用begoingto结构,而要用will.
2.在if引导的条件状语从句中,不能使用some,而要用any.
四.同义句转化
1.借助于祈使句+and∕or+简单句转化,and表示顺承,or表示转折。
例如:
(1)Ifyouworkhard,you’ll passtheexam.
Workhard,andyou’llpasstheexam.
(2)Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
2.借助于介词with或者without来转换
例如:
Ifyouhelpme,I’llfinishmyjobsoon.
Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.
If引导的宾语从句
一.if引导宾语从句时,意思为:
是否,从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致。
【例句】Iwanttoknowifhelivesthere.我想知道他是否住在那儿。
HeaskedmeifIcouldhelphim.他问我是否能帮他。
【考查点】if、whether引导的宾语从句的区别1.if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词ask、see、say、know和findout等后面。
一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。
【例句】Nobodyknowswhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.没有人知道明天是否下雨。
Lucyaskedwhether/iftheyhadacottonsweater.露西问他们是否有棉制的毛衣。
二.注意事项:
if或whether引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态。
1.if或whether既不能和that或其他连词(副词)同时使用,也不能省略。
【例句】我不知道他今天是否会来。
[误]Idon’tknowthatif(whether)hewillcomeheretoday.
[正]Idon’tknowif(whether)hewillcomeheretoday.他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。
[误]Hecametoseewhatif(whether)therewasanythingwrongwithhiscat.
[正]Hecametoseeif(whether)therewasanythingwrongwithhiscat.
2.if或whether引导宾语从句时,虽具有疑问的意义,但其从句应用陈述句的语序。
【例句】Didyouknowthewaytothehospital?
Theoldwomanaskedme.
Theoldwomanaskedmeif/whetherIknewthewaytothehospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。
3.if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。
即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;
主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。
【例句】Idon’tknowif(whether)hehascomehere.我不知道他是否来过这儿。
Tomaskedif(whether)Ihadreadthebook.汤姆问我是否看过这本书。
三.If和whether两者不能互换的情况
1.只能用whether的情况在动词不定式之前只能用whether:
【例句】Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
2.在whether…ornot的固定搭配中:
【例句】Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道它是不是好消息。
3.在介词后,只能用whether:
【例句】Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherheloseshiswork.
他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
4.用if会引起歧义时:
【例句】Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
这句话有两种意思:
“你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗?
”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?
”。
如用whether则可避免歧义。
【考题链接】Idon’tknow_________theycouldpasstheexamornot.
A.whyB.ifC.thatD.whether
答案:
D解题思路:
本题考查if与whether的区别,在whether…ornot的固定搭配中通常只用whether。
练习题:
句型转换1.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.(改为宾语从句)
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
2.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon’tknow.(改为宾语从句)
Idon’tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
3.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?
”Tom’smotheraskedhim.(同义句转换)
Tom’smotheraskedhim_____________________totrysomethingnew.
答案:
1.if/whether,wanted2.if/whether,was3.if/whetherhewanted
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest.
3. If there __________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution.
5. If Marcia _____________(live) alone, she ___________________( keep) a pet parrot.
6. Lana ________________( buy) a new dress if the old one ____________(be) out of style.
9. Peter _____________( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he ________________(tour) Spain.
10. If Mr Green ___________(say) I am hard- working, my parents _________( feel) glad.
11.I ____________(go) to the beach if it________________ ( not rain) this week.
13.He ____(write) a letter to his grandparents if he ____(get) his report card this week.
14. If she ____________(get) up late, she _____________ ( not catch) the early bus.
15. Peter ________(major) in English if he ____(pass) the exams in Peking
University.
16. 如果努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
If you__________ _________, you ___________ good _____________.
17. 他如果看电视太久了,他的父母会不高兴。
If he _________ TV too much, his parents __________ __________ unhappy.
18. 如果我们为他组织生日聚会,大家都会来的。
Everyone ________________ if we _____________ a birthday party __________ him.
19. 如果明天不下雨,我会和你一起去公园的。
If it __________ __________ tomorrow, I ______________ go to the park _________ you.
21. 如果他有空,他会帮助你的。
If he _________________, he _________________ you.
23. 你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。
You _______ _____ good at all the subjects if you ______ the other students’ homework.
Ⅰ单项选择(
1.If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.
A. will go B. went C. go D. going
2. It will be a long time ____ Peter _____ his work.
A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes.
3. What will father _____ us from Japan?
A. take B. bring C. carry D. make
4. Weifang is famous ______ kites.
A. for B. to C. on D. with
5.I ____ her the answer if she ____me.
A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks
6. – What are you going to do tomorrow?
--We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.
A. isn’t rainB. rain C. won’t rainD. doesn’t rain
7.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?
--Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you.
A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come
8. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit?
A. go B. went C.going D. will go
9. If I eat ____ food, I’ll be very fat.
A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too
10. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.
A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came
11. There ____an English film in our school tomorrow.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. has
12. Could you tell us where ____?
A. will the next Olympic Games held
B. the next Olympic Games will be held
C. would the next Olympic Games be held
D. the next Olympic Games would be held
13. When my mother returned last night, I ____ a book.
A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am going to read
14.What ____ you ____ when it began to rain?
A. do, do B. were, doing C. are, doing D. did, do
15. I’ll wake you up when he ____back.
A. will B. is going to come C. comes D. come
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6---10 DAACB
11---15 CBCBC
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