最新计算机专业外文翻译.docx
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最新计算机专业外文翻译.docx
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最新计算机专业外文翻译
HowtotroubleshootconnectivityissuesinSQL
Server2000
ChrisTull,MicrosoftHelpandSupport
ThisarticlecanhelpyoutoresolveconnectivityproblemswithMicrosoftSQLServer2000.
Thisarticlecontainsdescriptionsofcommonconnectivityproblemsandthestepsthatyoucan
taketohelpresolveyourconnectivityproblems.
SQLServer2000supportsseveralmethodsofcommunicationbetweentheinstanceofSQL
Serverandtheclientapplications.IfyourclientapplicationandtheinstanceofSQLServerreside
onthesamecomputer,MicrosoftWindowsinterprocesscommunication(IPC)components,such
aslocalnamedpipesortheSharedMemoryprotocol,areusedtocommunicate.However,when
theclientapplicationandtheinstanceofSQLServerresideonditTerentcomputers.aneiworkIPC,
suchasTCP/IPornamedpipes,isusedtocommunicate.
SQLServer2000usesNet-Library,aDLL,tocommunicatewithaparticularnetworkprotocol.A
matchingpairofNet-Librariesmustbeactiveontheclientcomputerandtheservercomputerto
supportthenetworkprotocolthatyouwanttouse.Forexample,ifyouwanttoenableaclient
applicationtocommunicatewithaspecificinstanceofSQLServeracrossTCP/IP,theclient
TCP/IPSocketsNet-Library(Dbnetlib.dll)mustbeconfiguredtoconnecttotheserveronthe
clientcomputer.Likewise,theserverTCP/IPSocketsNet-Library(Ssnetlib.dll)mustlistenonthe
servercomputer.Inthisscenario,theTCP/IPprotocolstackmustbeinstalledonboththeclient
computerandtheservercomputer.
AfteryouinstallSQLServer2000,youcanconfigurethepropertiesoftheclientNet-Librariesby
usingClientNetworkUtility.YoucanconfigurethepropertiesoftheserverNet-Librariesby
usingServerNetworkUtility(Svrnetcn.exe).TheserverNet-Librariesareinstalledduringthe
installationoftheservertoolsinSQLServefSetup.However,someoftheserverNet-Libraries
maynotbeactive.Bydefault,SQLServer2000enablesandlistensonTCP/IP,namedpipes,and
SharedMemory.Therefore,foraclienttoconnecttoaservercomputer,theclientmustconnect
byusingaclientNet-LibrarythatmatchesoneoftheserverNet-Librariesthatiscurrentlybeing
usedbytheinstanceofSQLServer.
ForadditionalinformationaboutSQLServercommunicationcomponentsandNet-Libraries,see
thefollowingtopicsinSQLServerBooksOnline:
.CommunicationComponents
.ClientandServerNet-Libraries
.ManagingClients
Troubleshootconnectivityissues
MostoftheconnectivityissuesthatyoumaynoticeinSQLServer20000ccurbecauseof
problemswithTCP/IP,Windowsauthentication,oracombinationofTCP/IPandWindows
authentication.
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ImportantBeforeyoustarttotroubleshootconnectivityissuesinSQLServer2000,makesurethat
theMSSQLServerserviceisstartedonthecomputerthatisrunningSQLServer.
VerifyyourDNSsettings
ThenameresolutionprocessinDomainNameSystem(DNS)isusedtoresolvetheIPaddress
tothenameoftheinstanceofSQLServer.Ifthenameresolutionprocessdoesnotworkcorrectly,
theinstanceofSQLServerisnotreachable,andyoumayreceiveoneormoreofthefollowing
errormessages:
SQLServerdoesnotexistoraccessdenied
GeneralNetworkError
CannotGenerateSSPIContext
Toverifythatthenameresolutionprocessisresolvingthecorrectserver,youcanpingthe
serverbyusingtheservernameandthelPaddressoftheserver.Todoso,followthesesteps:
1.ClickStart,andthenclickRun.
2.IntheRundialogbox,typecmdintheOpenbox,andthenclickOK.
3.Atthecommandprompt,runthefollowingcommand:
ping
NotethelPaddressthatisreturned.
4.Atthecommandprompt,runthefollowingcommand(whereIPaddressisthelP
addressthatyounotedinstep3):
ping-a
Verifythatthecommandresolvestothecorrectservername.Ifeitherofthespecified
commandsarenotsuccessful,timeout,ordonotreturnthecorrectvalues,theDNSlookupisnot
workingcorrectlyortheproblemoccursbecauseofothernetworkingorroutingissues.Tosee
yourcurrentDNSsettings,runthefollowingcommandatacommandprompt:
ipconfig/all
Toworkaroundthisproblem,addanentryfortheserverto
the%systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc\hostsfileontheclienrcomputer.Youcanalsowork
aroundtheproblembyconnectingtotheserverbyusingtheNamedPipesNet-library.
Verifytheenabledprotocolsandaliases
Connectivityproblemsmayoccurifthealiasontheclientcomputerissetincorrectly.You
canviewthealiasesbyusingClientNetworkUtility.Todoso,followthesesteps:
l.StartClientNetworkUtility.IftheSQLServerclienttoolsareinstalledonthecomputer
thatisrunningtheclientapplication,followthesestepstostartClientNetworkUtility:
a.ClickStart,andthenpointtoPrograms.
b.PointtoMicrosoftSQLServer,andthenclickClientNetworkUtility.
IftheSQLServerclienttoolsarenotinstalledontheclienicomputer,followthesestepsro
startClientNetworkUtility:
a.ClickStart,andthenclickRun.
b.IntheRundialogbox,typecliconfgintheOpenbox,andthenclickOK.
2.IntheSQLServerClientNetworkUtilitywindow,clicktheGeneraltab,andihen
enablealltheprotocolsthatyouwanttouse.
NoteYoumustatleastenabletheTCP/IPprotocolandthenamedpipesprotocol.
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3.ClicktheAliastab,andthenverifythealiasesthatareconfiguredfortheinstanceof
SQLServer.
4.VerifythepropertiesofthealiasestomakesurethattheservernameorIPaddressand
theprotocolareconfiguredcorfectly.
Youcancreateanewaliastotesttheconnectivitybyusingtheservername,thelPaddress,Of
evenbyusingadifferentprotocoL
NoteEarlierversionsofMicrosoftDataAccessComponents(MDAC)haveadifferentuser
interfaceforClientNetworkUtility.Therefore,ifyoudonotseetheoptionsthatarelistedinthis
article,installalaterversionofMDAConthecomputerthatisrunningtheclientapplication.
VerifythattheinstanceofSQLServeri.slisteningcorrectly
ToverifythattheinstanceofSQLServerislisteningonnamedpipes,TCP/IP,oranother
protocolthatyouareusingattheclientapplication,openthecurrentSQLServererrorlogfile.
TheSQLServererrorlogfilemaycontainentriesthataresimilartothefollowing:
2003-11-0609:
49:
36.17serverSQLserverlisteningonTCP,SharedMemory,NamedPipes.
2003-1I-0609:
49:
36.17serverSQLserverlisteningonI92.168.1.5:
1433,127.0.0.I:
1433.
IfyouanalyzetheentriesintheSQLServererforlogfile,youcanverifythattheinstanceofSQL
ServerislisteningonthecorrectIPaddressandonthecorrectport.Bydefault,adefaultinstance
ofSQLServerlistensontheport1433.YoucanalsouseServerNetworkUtilitytoverifythe
protocolsettingsforSQLServerandtochangethepropertiesinSQLServer,includingthe
protocolsthatcanconnecttoSQLServerandtheportsthatcanbeused.Formoreinformation
aboutusingServerNetworkUtility,seethe"SQLServerNetworkUtility"topicinSQLServer
BooksOnline.
Sometimes,SQLServer2000maynotbindtoport14330ranyotherspecifiedporc.Thisproblem
mayoccuriftheportisbeingusedbyanotherapplicationorifyouaretryingtoconnectbyusing
anlPaddressthatisnotcorrect.Therefore,theTCP/IPconnectionstoSQLServermaynotbe
successfulandyoumayreceivethefollowingerrormessageintheSQLServererrorlogfile:
2001-11-1415:
49:
14.12serverSuperSocketInfo:
BindfailedonTCPport1433.
IfyoucannotconnecttotheinstanceofSQLServerbyusingaTCP/IPconnection,trytousethe
namedpipesprotocolortheSharedMemoryprotocol.Runthefollowingcommandatacommand
prompttoobtaininformationabouttheportsthatareinuse:
NETSTAT-an
YoucanalsousethePortqrycommand-lineutilitytoobtainmoreinformationabouttheports
thatareinuse.
NoteFornamedinstancesofSQLServer,SQLServerdynamicallydeterminestheportandlistens
onthedeterminedport.Therefore,whenyoustartthenamedinstanceofSQLServer,SQLServer
triestolistenontheportthatwaspfeviouslybeingused.IfSQLServercannotbindtothatport,
thenamedinstancemaydynamicallybindtoadifferentport.Inthaisitualion,makesureihatthe
clientapplicationisalsosettodeterminetheportdynamically.Alternatively,youcanalsospecify
astaticportforthenamedinstancetobindtoandtolistenonbyusingClientNetworkUtility.
TroubleshootMDACIssues
ConnectivityproblemsmayalsooccurbecauseofproblemswithMDAC.Forexample,a
softwareinstallationmayoverwritesomeoftheMDACfilesorchangethepermissionsthatyou
musthavetoaccesstheMDACfiles.YoucanruntheMDACComponentCheckertoverifythe
10
MDACinstallaciononyourcomputer.
NoteIfyouareconnectingtoanamedinstanceofSQLServer,makesurethatyouarerunning
MDAC2.60rlateronyourcomputef.EarlierversionsofMDACdonotrecognizenamed
instancesofSQLServer.Therefore,connectionstonamedinstancesmaynotbesuccessful.
YoucanusetheOdbcping.exeutilitytoverifyconnectionsthroughtheSQLServerODBCdriver
YoucanalsotestconnectivitytotheinstanceofSQLServerbyusinga.udlfile.
Troubleshootfirewallissues
IffirewallexistsbetweentheclientcomputerandthecomputerthatisrunningSQLServer,
makesurethattheportsthatarerequiredtocommunicatethroughthefirewallareopen.
IfyouusetheTCP/IPprotocoltoconnecttotheinstanceofSQLServer,makesurethatyoucan
usetheTelnetprogramtoconnecttotheportwhereSQLServerislistening.TousetheTelnet
program,runthefollow
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