Unit4automotiveindustry.docx
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Unit4automotiveindustry.docx
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Unit4automotiveindustry
1.ChinaVies(竞争)toBeWorld’sLeaderinElectricCarsfromPublished:
April1,2009
TIANJIN,China—Chineseleadershaveadoptedaplanaimedatturningthecountryintooneoftheleadingproducersofhybri(混合)andall-electricvehicleswithinthreeyears,andmakingittheworldleaderinelectriccarsandbusesafterthat.SkiptonextparagraphThegoal,whichradiatesfromtheverytopoftheChinesegovernment,suggeststhatDetroit’sBigThree,alreadystrugglingtostayalive,willfaceevenstiffer(强烈,严厉)foreigncompetitiononthenextfieldofautomotivetechnologythantheydotoday.
“Chinaiswellpositionedtoleadinthis,”saidDavidTulauskas,directorofChinagovernmentpolicyatGeneralMotors.
Tosomeextent,Chinaismakingavirtue(品德)ofaliability.ItisbehindtheUnitedStates,Japanandothercountrieswhenitcomestomakinggas-poweredvehicles,butbyskippingthecurrenttechnology,Chinahopestogetajumponthenext.
Japanisthemarketleaderinhybridstoday,whichrunonbothelectricityandgasoline,withcarsliketheToyotaPriusandHondaInsight.TheUnitedStateshasbeenalaggard(落后者)inalternativevehicles.G.M.’splug-inhybridChevroletVoltisscheduledtogoonsalenextyear,andwillbeassembledinMichiganusingrechargeablebatteriesimportedfromLGinSouthKorea.
China’sintention,inadditiontocreatingaworld-leadingindustrythatwillproducejobsandexports,istoreduceurbanpollutionanddecreaseitsdependenceonoil,whichcomesfromtheMideastandtravelsoversearoutescontrolledbytheUnitedStatesNavy.
Butelectricvehiclesmaydolittletoclearthecountry’ssmog-darkenedskyorcurb(限制)itsrapidlyrisingemissions(排放)ofglobalwarminggases.Chinagetsthree-fourthsofitselectricityfromcoal,whichproducesmoresoot(烟灰)andmoregreenhousegasesthanotherfuels.
AreportbyMcKinsey&Companylastautumnestimatedthatreplacingagasoline-poweredcarwithasimilar-sizeelectriccarinChinawouldreducegreenhouseemissionsbyonly19percent.Itwouldreduceurbanpollution,however,byshiftingthesourceofsmogfromcarexhaustpipestopowerplants,whichareoftenlocatedoutsidecities.
Beyondmanufacturing,subsidies(津贴)ofupto$8,800arebeingofferedtotaxifleets(队)andlocalgovernmentagenciesin13Chinesecitiesforeachhybridorall-electricvehicletheypurchase.Thestateelectricitygrid(系统网络)hasbeenorderedtosetupelectriccarchargingstationsinBeijing,ShanghaiandTianjin.
Governmentresearchsubsidiesforelectriccardesignsareincreasingrapidly.Andaninteragencypanelisplanningtaxcredits(税收抵免)forconsumerswhobuyalternativeenergyvehicles.
Chinawantstoraiseitsannualproductioncapacityto500,000hybridorall-electriccarsandbusesbytheendof2011,from2,100lastyear,governmentofficialsandChineseautoexecutivessaid.Bycomparison,CSMWorldwide,aconsultingfirmthatdoesforecastsforautomakers,predictsthatJapanandSouthKoreatogetherwillbeproducing1.1millionhybridorall-electriclightvehiclesbythenandNorthAmericawillbemaking267,000.
TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyhasitsown$25billionprogramtodevelopelectric-poweredcarsandimprovebatterytechnology,andwillreceiveanother$2billionforbatterydevelopmentaspartoftheeconomicstimulusprogramenactedbyCongress.
PremierWenJiabaohighlightedtheimportanceofelectriccarstwoyearsagowithhisunlikelychoicetobecomeministerofscienceandtechnology:
WanGang,aShanghai-bornformerAudiautoengineerinGermanywholaterbecamethechiefscientistfortheChinesegovernment’sresearchpanelonelectricvehicles.
Mr.WanisthefirstministerinatleastthreedecadeswhoisnotamemberoftheCommunistParty.
AndPremierWenhashisownconnectiontotheelectriccarindustry.HewasbornandgrewuphereinTianjin,thelongtimecapitalofChina’sbatteryindustry,70milessoutheastofBeijing.
Tianjinhasthrived(兴盛)inthesixyearssinceMr.Wenbecamepremier.ItnowhasChina’sfirstbullettrainservice(toBeijing),anewAirbusfactoryandanimmaculate(整洁的)newairport.TianjinhasalsoreceivedasurgeofresearchsubsidiesforenterprisesliketheTianjin-QingyuanElectricVehicleCompany.
ElectriccarshaveseveralpracticaladvantagesinChina.Intercitydrivingisrare.Commutesarefairlyshortandfrequentlyatlowspeedsbecauseoftrafficjams.Sothelimitationsofall-electriccars—thelatestmodelsinChinahaveatopspeedof60milesanhourandarangeof120milesbetweencharges—arelessofaproblem.
First-timecarbuyersalsomakeupfour-fifthsoftheChinesemarket,andthesebuyershavenotyetgrownaccustomedtothegreaterpowerandrangeofgasoline-poweredcars.
Buttheelectriccarindustryfacesseveralobstaclesheretoo.MosturbanChineseliveinapartments,andcannotinstallrechargingdevicesindriveways,somorepublicchargingcentersneedtobesetup.Rechargeablelithium-ionbatteriesalsohaveapoorreputationinChina.Counterfeit(仿制品)lithium-ion(锂离子)batteriesincellphonesoccasionallyexplode,causinginjuries.AndSonyhadtorecallgenuine(真的)lithium-ionbatteriesinlaptopsin2006and2008aftersomeoverheatedandcaughtfireorexploded.Thesesafetyproblemshavebeenassociatedwithlithium-ioncobalt(钴)batteries,however,notthemorechemicallystablelithium-ionphosphate(磷酸盐)batteriesnowbeingadaptedtoautomotiveuse.
Thetougherchallengeisthatalllithium-ionbatteriesareexpensive,whethermadewithcobaltorphosphate.ThatwillbeahurdleforthriftyChineseconsumers,especiallyifgaspricesstayrelativelylowcomparedtotheirhighslastsummer.
ChinaistacklingthechallengeswiththesametoolsthathelpeditspeedindustrializationandputontheOlympics:
immense(极大的)amountsofenergy,moneyandpeople.
BYDhas5,000autoengineersandanequalnumberofbatteryengineers,mostofthemlivingatitsheadquartersinShenzheninaclusterof15yellowapartmentbuildings,each18storieshigh.Youngengineersearnlessthan$600amonth,includingbenefits.
WhenTianjin-Qingyuanputsitsentirelybattery-poweredSaibaomidsizesedanonsalethisautumn,thebodywillcomefromasedanthatnormallysellsfor$14,600whenequippedwithagasolineengine.Buttheengineandgastankwillbereplacedwitha$14,000batterypackandelectricmotor,saidWuZhixin,thecompany’sgeneralmanager.
Thatmeanstheretailpricewillnearlydouble,toalmost$30,000.Evenifthegovernmentawardsthemaximumsubsidyof$8,800tobuyers,thatisahefty(数额巨大)premium(加价).
Large-scaleproductioncoulddrivedownthecostofthebatterypackandelectricmotorby30or40percent,stillleavingelectriccarsmoreexpensivethangasoline-poweredones,Mr.Wusaid.ButMr.Wuhasplentyofmoneytopursueimprovements.Heinterruptedaninterviewathiscompany’sheadquartersonThursdaytotakeacallonhiscellphone,politelydeclinedanofferfromthecaller,andhungup.
Thegeneralmanagerofastate-controlledbankhadcalledtoaskifheneededaloan,heexplained.
2.ChinaAutomotiveElectronicsIndustryDrawsWorldwideAttention
ExploringopportunitiesformanufacturingvehiclesystemsinChinafromhttp:
//rightsite.asia
byTheRightSiteTeamonTue,2009-10-1312:
42
Withtheriseofthenation'smiddle-classandtheincreasingpopularityofpersonalvehicles,morecarsarenowpurchasedeverydayinChinathaninanyothercountryintheworld.Thisburgeoning(迅速成长)autoconsumption,togetherwiththeindustry'smovetowardmoreadvancedandcost-effectiveautoelectronicssystems,hasalreadybecomeadrivingforcebehindthegrowthofChina'sautomotiveelectronicsindustry.Thisweek,RightSitetakesacloselookatChina'sautomotiveelectronicsindustryparksandhowtocapitalizeontheopportunitiesbroughtbythissector.
FastGrowthofAutomotiveElectronicsIndustry
◆China'sautoelectronicsindustryexpectedtoreachRMB148billionby2009
◆Fiveconsecutiv(连续的)eyearsofmarketgrowth
◆LocalelectronicsmarketprojectedtoexceedRMB300billionby2012
EvenforindustryleaderssuchasGM,Ford,VolvoandToyota,thefinancialcrisishasmade2009atoughyearforcarsales.Inthemidstofthisgloom(沮丧,昏暗),however,thesteadygrowthofChina'sautomarketinChinabringssomehopetotherestoftheindustry.AlthoughthetotalvehiclesalesinChinafellby14.4%inJanuary,thenumbersforpersonalvehicleshitanewrecordof860,000carsnationwide.ThismarksthefirsttimeinhistorythatChinasoldmorecarsinasinglemonththantheUSandifthistrendcontinuesthenChinamayofficiallybecometheworld'slargestcarmarketin2009.
BesidestheoverallgrowthofChina'scarindustry,anotherimportanttrendforinvestorsisthegrowthoftheautomotiveelectronicsmarket.Accordingtoareportonthe2009-2012outlookofChinaautoelectronicsindustrypublishedbyChinaInvestmentConsulting(CIC),thevalueofChina'sautoelectronicssector(部门)reachedmorethanRMB137billion(US$20billion)in2008whichrepresentedayear-on-yearincreaseofnearly13%.
OntopoftheupwardtrendforChina'sautomotivemarketingeneral,sophisticatedelectronicsystemssuchasfuelinjection(注入),anti-lockbraking,tirepressuremonitoringsystemsandin-carentertainmentsystemshavebeenplayingagrowingroleinautomotivemarketingandmanufacturing.Becauseofthisincreasingdemandforelectroniccontrolsandmonitoringsystemsintheindustry,CICpredictsthatthesizeofChina'sautoelectronicssectorwillgrowtoRMB200billion(US$29.2billion)by2010.
AutomotiveElectronicsManufacturingBasesTakeShape.
Withthe
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