精编届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习10阅读理解细节理解二.docx

精编届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习10阅读理解细节理解二.docx

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精编届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习10阅读理解细节理解二

阅读理解：

细节理解

（二）

A

Takingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?

AresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheU．S.interviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwothirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.

Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?

Sciencecanexplainit.

Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormone（荷尔蒙）closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine，”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha！

’momenttous.”

Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“Ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation（孵化）period’foryourideas.”

Comparedwithsittinginfrontofacomputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking，”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”

Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.

1．Accordingtothearticle,whatchangescanshoweringcause?

A．Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.

B．Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.

C．Leadingtoboredomortiredness.

D．Increasingthelevelofdopamine.

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第四段第一句“Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine...”可知，淋浴能够使多巴胺的数值升高。

故选D项。

2．Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp________.

A．turnone'sattentioninward

B．drawone'sattentiontotheoutsideworld

C．makeanimportantbreakthrough

D．manychemicalchangestotakeplace

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第五段第二句“Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthard...yourinnerfeelingsandmemories.”可知，淋浴可以使人将注意力转向内心。

故选A项。

3．AccordingtoKaufman,whycantakingshowersmakeuscreative?

A．Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.

B．Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperience,inspiringus.

C．Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.

D．Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperience”及“leadtopositivechangesinthinking”，再结合最后一段的描述可知，淋浴可以帮助我们获得新的体验、赋予我们灵感，故选B项。

4．TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto________.

A．encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspiration

B．pointouttoreadersthatit'shardtogetinspiration

C．explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders'dailylives

D．showthatcreativityoftencomesfromstrangeplaces

解析：

选A　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration”及最后一句“Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.”可以判断，举该例是为了鼓励读者寻找适合自己的获得灵感的方式。

故选A项。

B

（2018·广西桂林十八中模拟）Noonecandenythatbuttonsareanimportantclothingdevice.But,cantheyrisetothelevelofart?

OrganizersofanexhibitinNewYorkCitythinkso.

PeterSouleoWrightorganized“TheButtonShow”atRushArtsGalleryintheChelseaneighborhoodofManhattan.Elevenartistsusedthesmall,ordinaryobjectstocreatesculptures,portraitsandwearableart.Someoftheworksarepolitical,somearepersonalandothersarejustfun.

Wrightsaideachartistreimaginesandrepurposesthebuttonstomakeart.“WhatItriedtodowiththisshow，”hesaid,“wastolookatartistswhowerepromotingthatlevelofcraft.”

Hesaidhewantedthebuttonarttobecomparabletoapainting“becauseoftheamountofdetailandprecisioninthework”．

ArtistBeauMcCallproduced“AHarlemHangover”.Itlookslikeawinebottlethatfelloveronatable.Astreamofconnectedredbuttonshangovertheside,likewineflowingdown.Similarredbuttonsformasmallpoolonthefloor.

McCalllayersbuttonsofdifferentshapesandsizestocreatethebottle.Thestitchingthatholdsthemtogetherisalsopartoftheartisticdesign.

ForSanFranciscobasedartistLisaKokin,buttonsarehighlypersonal.Afterherfatherdiedin2001,shecreatedaportraitofhimusingonlybuttons.Thatmemorialtoherfatherledtootherbuttonportraits,includingthoseofactivistsRosaParksandCesarChavez.

Othersusebuttonsfordetails.ArtistAmaliaAmakiofTuscaloosa,Alabama,placedthemonandaroundoldphotographs.LosAngelesartistCamillaTaylorattachedbuttonstothreelargesculpturesthatlooklikeheadlessanimalswithlong,narrowlegs.

“TheButtonShow”endsatMarch12.TheRushPhilanthropicArtsFoundationpaidfortheexhibition.Thefoundationwascreatedin1995bytheSimmonsbrothers:

artistDanny,hiphopproducerRussellandrapperReverendRun.Thefoundationseekstobringtheartiststourbanyouthandtoprovidesupportfornewartists.

语篇解读：

文章介绍了纽约艺术家们组织的一场特殊的纽扣展览，在展览中人们见到了许多有创意的艺术品。

1．WhydidWrightorganize“TheButtonShow”？

A．Toshowtheimportanceofbuttons.

B．Tosupportthenewartists.

C．Toraisethebuttonshowtothelevelofart.

D．Tocreatesculpturesandportraits.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第一段最后两句“But,cantheyrisetothelevelofart?

OrganizersofanexhibitinNewYorkCitythinkso.”和第二段中的“PeterSouleoWrightorganized‘TheButtonShow’”可知，赖特组织“纽扣展”的目的是将纽扣展上升到艺术水平。

故选C项。

2．Whoseworksarepersonal?

A．PeterSouleoWright.B．BeauMcCall.

C．LisaKokin.D．AmaliaAmaki.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段第一句“ForSanFranciscobasedartistLisaKokin,buttonsarehighlypersonal.”可知，对于莉萨·科金来说纽扣是高度私人化的东西。

故选C项。

3．Ifyouwanttosee“TheButtonShow”，youshould________.

A．buyticketsbeforeMarch12

B．phonePeterSouleoWrightbeforeMarch12

C．gotoRushArtsGallery

D．gototheRushPhilanthropicArtsFoundation

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“PeterSouleoWrightorganized‘TheButtonShow’atRushArtsGalleryintheChelseaneighborhoodofManhattan.”可知，赖特组织的纽扣展是在RushArtsGallery。

故选C项。

C

Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains,butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun!

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChineseinthe11thcenturyBC.

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:

itbecameasymbolofhonor.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighoffice.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawascommonlyusedinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersonsinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.

DuringtheMiddleAges,theuseofumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelate16thcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasasymbolofpower.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlaterinEngland.

Bythe18thcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.

Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen'sumbrellasbegantobemade,inawholevarietyofcolors.

篇章导读：

本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以及其后来的演变。

1．Accordingtothispassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstinventedinancient________.

A．ChinaB．Egypt

C．GreeceD．Rome

答案：

A　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的。

2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheumbrella?

A．Nooneexactlyknowswhotheinventoroftheumbrellawas.

B．Theumbrellawasfirstinventedtobeusedasprotectionagainstthesun.

C．Theumbrellachangedmuchinstyleinthe18thcentury.

D．InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.

答案：

C　细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第一段中的“Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime”可知，一直以来，伞在风格上没有什么大的变化。

3．Astrangefeatureoftheumbrella'suseisthatitwasusedas________.

A．protectionagainstrain

B．ashadeagainstthesun

C．asymbolofhonorandpower

D．women'sdecoration

答案：

C　细节理解题。

根据文章第三段第二句“Andtherewasastrangething...asymbolofhonor.”和最后一句“...onlybythoseinhighoffice.”可判断出答案。

D

Dujiangyanistheoldestmanmadewatersystemintheworld,andawonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6,000squarekilometresoffarmland,takeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.

Inancienttimes,theregioninwhichDujiangyannowstandssufferedfromregularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.Tohelpthevictimsoftheflooding,LiBing,theregion'sgovernor,togetherwithhisson,decidedtofindasolution.Theystudiedtheproblemanddiscovered