四川大学考博英语真题及答案.docx

四川大学考博英语真题及答案.docx

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四川大学考博英语真题及答案

2005年四川大学考博英语真题试卷及答案

一、ReadingComprehension

0Weareallnaturallyattractedtopeoplewithideas,beliefsandinterestslikeourown.Similarly,wefeelcomfortablewithpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilartoours.

Youmayhavenoticedhowpeoplewholiveorworkcloselytogethercometobehaveinasimilarway.Unconsciouslywecopythoseweareclosetoorloveoradmire,Soasportsman'sindividual,wayofwalkingwithraisedshouldersisimitatedbyanadmiringfan;apairofloversbothshaketheirheadsinthesameway;anemployeefindshim-selfduplicatinghisboss'habitofwaggingapenbetweenhisfingerswhilethinking.Ineverycase,theinfluentialpersonmaynotconsciouslynoticetheimitation,buthewillfeelcomfortableinitspresence.Andifhedoesnoticethematchingofhisgesturesormovements,hefindsitpleasingheisinfluencingpeople:

theyaredrawntohim.

Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendsandacquaintancesalltheirlives,andwinningaffectionandrespectinthiswaywithoutbeingawareoftheirmethods.Now,forpeoplewhowanttowinagreementortrust,affectionorsympathy,somepsychologistsrecommendthedeliberateuseofphysicalmirroring.

Thecleversaleswomanechoesherladycustomer'smovements,tiltingherheadinthesamewaytojudgeacolormatch,orfoldingherarmsafewsecondsafterthecustomer,asthoughconsciouslyattractedbyher.Thecustomerfeelsthatthesaleswomanisinsympathywithher,andunderstandsherneeds--apromisingrelationshipforasaletotakeplace.Thecleverlawyer,tryinginalaw-courttoinfluenceajudge,imitatesthegreatman'sshruggingofhisshoulders,thetoneofhisvoiceandtherhythmofhisspeech.

Ofcourse,physicalmirroringmustbesubtle.Ifyoublinkeverytimeyourtargetblinks,orbiteyourbottomlipeverytimehedoes,yourmirroringhasbecomemockeryandyoucanexpecttrouble.So,ifyoucan'tmodelsympathetically,don'tplaythegame.

1Accordingtothepassage,"physicalmirroring"（Pare.3）means______.

（A）thecomfortablefeelingaboutpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilartoours

（B）theimitationofthegesturesormovementsofthosewearecloseto,orlove,oradmire

（C）theattractiontopeoplewithideas,beliefsandinterestslikeourown

（D）thefactthatpeoplelivingorworkingcloselytogetherbehaveinasimilarway

2Physicalmirroringcancausetroubleif______.

（A）themirroringhasbecomemockery

（B）thepersonmirroredfindsthatpeoplearedrawntohim

（C）thelawyershrugshisshouldersthewaythejudgedoes

（D）ithasbeenfoundtobedeliberatelyused

3Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisnotadeliberateuseofphysicalmirroring?

（A）Asaleswomantiltsherheadafterhercustomertojudgeacolormatch.

（B）Alawyeremulatesthetoneofthejudge'svoiceandtherhythmofhisspeech.

（C）Anaughtyboyblinkseverytimetheteacherblinks.

（D）Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendsalltheirlives.

4Whichofthefollowingistrue?

（A）Thelawyerwhoimitatesthejudgeistryingtoinfluencehim.

（B）Thecleversaleswomanechoesherladycustomer'smovementsbecausesheisun-consciouslyattractedbyher.

（C）Physicalmirroringisalwaysflatteringtothosewhoareimitated.

（D）Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendsandacquaintancesbecausetheywanttowintheiraffectionandrespectinthisway.

5Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewillmostprobablymoveonto______.

（A）theimportanceofphysicalmirroringindailylife

（B）thetroublescausedbythedeliberateuseofphysicalmirroring

（C）anexplanationofphysicalmirroringbyabehavioralscientist

（D）somewaystopreventphysicalmirroringfromoffending

5Themostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970'swastheenthusiasmforrefurbishingolderbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecycling,inadaptivere-habilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirardelliSquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityinthe1960's,butitwasinthe1970's,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation,aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.

OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston'seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThompson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexcitinginteriortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio'sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructureswhilesimultaneouslycleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver,whichmeandersthroughthebusinessdistrict.

6Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

（A）Thearchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970's.

（B）Tilearchitecturalstylefrom1824to1970's.

（C）Inthe1970's,recyclingoldbuildingsbecamefamous.

（D）Duringthe1970's,oldbuildingsinmanycitieswererecycledformodernuse.

7TileapaceatQuincyMarketisnowusedfor______.

（A）restaurants,officesandstores

（B）sportsandrecreationalfacilities

（C）Boston'snewcityhall

（D）amarveloussettingforcommerce

8InwhichofthefollowingwaysdoesthepassagestatethattheSanAntonioprojectdifferedfromthoseinBostonandMinneapolis?

（A）Itwasdesigndedtocombaturbandecay.

（B）Itoccurredinthebusinessdistrict.

（C）Itinvolvedtheenvironmentaswellasbuildings.

（D）Itconsistedprimarilyofnewconstruction.

9Whatistheauthor'sopinionoftheSanAntonioproject?

（A）Itisclearlythebestoftheprojectsdiscussed.

（B）Itisagoodprojectthatcouldbecopiedinothercities.

（C）theextensiveuseofbulldozersmadetheprojectunnecessarilycostly.

（D）Theworkdoneontheriverwasmoreimportantthantheworkdoneonthebuildings.

10Whichofthefollowingistrue?

（A）TheSanAntonioexampleshowstheenthusiasmforrefurbishingolderbuildings.

（B）Recentinterestinecologyissueshasledtothecleaningupofsomerivers.

（C）BenjaminThompsonwasthedesignerforaprojectinBoston.

（D）StronggovernmentsupporthasmadeadaptiverehabilitationarealityinBoston.

10Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformantion,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.

TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturyscienceandthehumanintellect,Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Be-causeofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrustedbutwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecallthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

11Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience______.

（A）willbringaboutsurprisinganddisturbingresults

（B）willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

（C）willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

（D）wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment

12Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury______.

（A）thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscience

（B）didnomorethangoodinpromotingman'sunderstandingofnature

（C）knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

（D）wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

13Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

（A）Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.

（B）Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthings