四级练习题.docx
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四级练习题.docx
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四级练习题
OneofthemostinterestingparadoxesinAmericatodayisthatHarvardUniversity,theoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates,isnowengagedinaseriousdebateaboutwhatauniversityshouldbe,andwhetheritismeasuringup.
LiketheRomanCatholicChurchandotherancientinstitutions,itisasking-stillinprivateratherthaninpublic-whetheritspastassumptionsaboutfaculty,authority,admissions,coursesofstudy,arereallyrelevanttotheproblemsofthe1990’s.
『ShouldHarvardoranyotheruniversitybeanintellectualsanctuary,apartfromthepoliticalandsocialrevolutionoftheage,orshoulditbealaboratoryforexperimentationwiththesepoliticalandsocialrevolutions;orevenanengineoftherevolution?
』①ThisiswhatisbeingdiscussedprivatelyinthebigclapboardhousesoffacultymembersaroundtheHarvardYard.
TheissuewasdefinedbyWaiterLippmann,adistinguishedHarvardgraduate,severalyearsago.“Iftheuniversitiesaretodotheirwork,”hesaid,“theymustbeindependentandtheymustbedisinterested…Theyareplacestowhichmencanturnforjudgementswhichareunbiasedbypartisanshipandspecialinterest.『Obviously,themomenttheuniversitiesfallunderpoliticalcontrol,orunderthecontrolofprivateinterests,orthemomenttheythemselvestakeahandinpoliticsandtheleadershipofgovernment,theirvalueasindependentanddisinterestedsourcesofjudgementisimpaired.”』②
ThisispartoftheargumentthatisgoingonatHarvardtoday.Anotherpartistheargumentofthemilitantandevenmanymoderatestudents:
thatauniversityisthekeeperofouridealsandmorals,andshouldnotbe“disinterested”butactivistinbringingthenation’sidealsandactionstogether.
Harvard’smenoftodayseemmoretroubledandlesssureaboutpersonal,politicalandacademicpurposethantheydidatthebeginning.『Theyarenotevenclearabouthowtheyshoulddebateandresolvetheirproblems,buttheyarestrugglingwiththemprivately,andhowtheycomeoutisboundtoinfluenceAmericanuniversityandpoliticallifeinthe1990’s.』③
1.TheissuesinthedebateonHarvard’sgoalsarewhethertheuniversitiesshouldremainindependentofoursocietyanditsproblems,andwhethertheyshould.
A.fightmilitarism B.overcomethewidespreaddrugdependency
C.takeanactivepartinsolvingsociety’sills
D.supportouroldandestablishedinstitutions
2.Inregardtotheirgoalsandpurposesinlife,theauthorbelievesthatHarvardmenarebecoming.
A.moresureaboutthem B.lesssureaboutthem
C.morehopefulofreachingasatisfactoryanswer
D.completelydisillusionedaboutever
3.Theword“paradox”inparagraph1is.
A.aparentheticalexpression B.adifficultpuzzle
C.anabnormalcondition D.aself-contradiction
4.Theword“sanctuary”inparagraph3is.
A.aholyplacededicatedtoacertaingod
B.atempleornunneryofmiddleage
C.acertainplaceyoucanhideinandavoidmishaps
D.anacademyforintelligentpeople
5.Intheauthor’sjudgement,thefermentgoingonatHarvard.
A.isasadsymbolofourgeneralbewilderment
B.willsoonbeover,becausetimesareboundtochange
C.isofinterestmostlytoHarvardmenandtheirfriends
D.willinfluencefuturelifeinAmerica
Vocabulary
1.paradoxn.似非而是的论点;似非而可能是的隽语;自相矛盾的话
2.sanctuaryn.避难所
3.clapboardn.隔板,墙板,桶板
4.distinguishedadj.卓著的,著名的,高贵的
5.partisanshipn.党派性,党派偏见
6.disinterestedadj.无私的
7.impairv.削弱,伤害
8.militantadj.好战的,战斗性的
9.beboundto一定要……
长难句解析
①【解析】此句由两个并列的句子组成,“apartfrom…”做第一个句子“sanctuary”的补语。
【译文】哈佛或其它一些大学应当是一个智力的避难所,远离当今的政治和社会变革;还应当是政治和社会变革的一块实验基地,或者甚至是革命的一部发动机呢?
②【解析】两个“themoment”引导的句子做此句的时间状语从句。
【译文】显然,当大学处于政治和私有企业的控制下,或者他们自己从事政治和政府的领导时,他们作为独立和公正判断的价值观将会收到伤害。
③【解析】这个长句由三个句子组成,“but”引导了一个转折句,“and”引导了一个并列句。
beboundto“肯定会,必定”。
【译文】他们甚至不清楚应当怎样讨论和解决他们的问题,但是他们每个人正在奋斗,并且哈佛大学议论的结果必定影响20世纪90年代美国的大学和政治生活。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述哈佛大学正面临的一个重要的争论,即一所大学应当是什么样的,现在的大学是否是符合标准的,哈佛大学应当远离政治和社会,还是作为政治和社会的一块实验田。
1.C细节题。
文章第三段实际上已经告诉我们本文要讨论的议题。
选项C提到的观点是“大学应该保持独立”这一论点的对立面,属议题范围之内。
2.B细节题。
根据文章末段,Harvard’smenoftodayseemmoretroubledandlesssureaboutpersonal,politicalandacademicpurposethantheydidatthebeginning.可知正确选项为B。
3.D词汇题。
从第四段我们可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。
因此选项D正确。
4.C词汇题。
意为:
“Sanctuary”就是你可躲起来避过灾祸的地方。
在中世纪一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充当躲避任何政府惩罚的避难所,所以A、B两项也是与它词义有一点关联的,D关系最小。
5.D观点题。
根据文章末尾,andhowtheycomeoutisboundtoinfluenceAmericanuniversityandpoliticallifeinthe1990’s.作者认为在哈佛的争论的结果一定会影响美国的大学和政治生活。
本题中的ferment意为“骚动,纷扰”,指的就是文章所说的争论。
因此D符合作者的观点。
Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyarenaturallysuitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycare-takerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhandmenarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents”.
Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.『Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.』①
Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.
『Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.』②
1.Women’splace,somepeoplethink,istheprotectiveenvironmentofthehomebecause.
A.womencanprovidebettercareforthechildren
B.womenaretooweaktodoanyagriculturalworkatall
C.womenarebiologicallysuitedtodomesticjobs
D.womencannotcompetewithmeninanyfield
2.Accordingtotheauthor,sexroles.
A.aresociallydetermined
B.areemotionallyandphysicallydetermined
C.canonlybedeterminedbywhateducationpeopletake
D.arebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined
3.Theauthorpointsoutthattheassignmentsofwomen’srolesinwork.
A.aredeterminedbywhattheyarebettersuitedto
B.growoutoftheirpositioninsidethehome
C.reflectabasicdifferencebetweenmenandwomen
D.aresuitabletothem,butnottomen
4.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewith.
A.certainsociologists’predictionthatwomanarepickingupmoreresponsibilityinthedecadestocome B.historian’sgeneraldenialofwomen’scontributiontowardshumanthoughts
C.Nietzsche’scontemplationaboutdifferencebetweensexes
D.entrepreneursfavoringparticularsexwhenhiringemployee
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thedivisionofsex-definedrolesiscompletelyunacceptable.
B.Women’srolesinworkistoolimitedatpresent.
C.Inonesociety,menmightperformwhatisconsideredwomen’sdutiesbyanother.
D.Someofthewomen’srolesindomesticdutiescannotbetakenoverbymen.
Vocabulary
1.ideologyn.意识形态,思维方式 2.destinyn.命运,定数
3.domesticadj.家庭的,国内的 4.homemakern.家庭主妇
petitiveadj.竞争的,竞争性的 6.elementaryschool小学
7.informaladj.非正式的,不拘礼节的 8.reflectionn.反映,反省,反射
9.ampleadj.充足的,丰富的
长难句解析
①【解析】accordingtotheideology做(禁止)语。
【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别,根据意识形态来说,只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。
②【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。
【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数,大自然想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献,那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要一方面讲述女人由于在生理上和心理上要比男人脆弱,因此她们适合于做一些具有保护性的工作,另一方面又讲述在社会生活中两性扮演不同的角色最根本的原因并不在他们生理和心理的差别上,而是由人的社会性决定的。
1.C细节题。
根据文章第一段Womenaretheweakersex-bothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyarenaturallysuitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.由于妇女在生理上和心理上都较男性弱,因此她们最适合做家务事,这样在通常情况下,家庭这个具有保护性的环境就成了妇女的活动空间。
因此选项C正确。
2.A细节题。
根据文章第三段Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexes
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