雅思测试题.docx
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雅思测试题.docx
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雅思测试题
Listening
SECTION1Questions1-10
Questions1-6
Completethenotesbelow
WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.
Dreamtimetravelagency
Tourinformation
ExampleAnswer
HolidaynameWhaleWatchExperience
Holidaylength
2days
Typeoftransportation
1...........................
Maximumgroupsize
2..........................
Nexttourdate
3..........................
Hotelname
4The..........................
Questions5and6
ChooseTwolettersA-E
WhichTwothingsareincludedinthepriceofthetour?
Afishingtrip
Bguidedbushwalk
Creptileparkentry
Dtabletennis
Etennis
Questions7-10
Completethesentencesbelow
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer
7Thetourcosts$..........................
8Bookingsmustbemadenolaterthan..........................daysinadvance.
9A..........................depositisrequired..
10Thecustomer’sreferencenumberis..........................
SECTION2Questions11-20
Questions11-15
Completethetablebelow
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer
TYPEOFHELP
EXAMPLES
FINANCIAL
Grants
11..........................
12..........................
Childcare
Nurseries
ACADEMIC
13..........................
Usingthelibrary
14..........................
15..........................
Questions16-20
Completethenotesbelow
WriteNUMBERSORNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer
HELPLINEDETAILS
Officer
Jackle16..........................
Address
StudentWelfareOffice
13MarshallRoad
Telephonenumber
17..........................
Openinghours
9:
30am-6pm(weekdays)
18..........................(Saturdays)
Ringorvisitofficefor19..........................
N.B.ATpeaktimestheremaybea
20....................................................
SECTION3Questions21-30
Questions21-24
Completethenotesbelow
WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.
DETAILSOFASSIGNMENT
Part1Essay
Title:
‘Assessthetwomainmethodsof21..........................
Insocialscienceresearch’
Part2Small-scalestudy
Chooseonemethod.
Gatherdatafromatleast23..........................subjects.
Part3Reportonstudy
Numberofwords:
24..........................
Questions25and26
ChooseTWOlettersA-E
WhatTWOdisadvantagesofthequestionnaireformofdatacollectiondothestudentsdiscuss?
AThedataissometimesinvalid
BToofewpeoplemayrespond
CItislesslikelytorevealtheunexpected
DItcanonlybeusedwithliteratepopulations
EThereisadelaybetweenthedistributionandreturnofquestionnaires
Questions27-30
Completethetablebelow
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORANUMBERforeachanswer.
AUTHOR
TITLE
PUBLISHER
YEAROFPUBLICATION
27..........................
‘SampleSurveysinSocialScienceResearch’
Bell
28..........................
..........................
29..........................
..........................
Wilson
‘Interviewsthatwork’
OxfordUniversityPress
30..........................
Reading
YouShouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40.WhicharebasedonReadingPassage3below
Thetopicsdiscussedincludedtheco-ordinatedstudyofthedestructionofforests,aswellashowtocombatforestfiresandtheextensionofEuropeanresearchprogramsontheforestecosystem.Thepreparatoryworkfortheconferencehadbeenundertakenattwomeetingsofexperts.TheirinitialtaskwastodecidewhichofthemanyforestproblemsofconcerntoEuropeinvolvedthelargestnumberofcountriesandmightbethesubjectofjointaction.Thoseconfinedtoparticulargeographicalareas,suchascountriesborderingtheMediterraneanortheNordiccountriesthereforehadtobediscarded.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatinfuturetheywillbeignored.
Asawhole,Europeancountriesseeforestsasperformingatriplefunction:
biological,economicandrecreational.Thefirstistoactasa'greenlung'forourplanet;bymeansofphotosynthesis,forestsproduceoxygenthroughthetransformationofsolarenergy,thusfulfillingwhatforhumansistheessentialroleofanimmense,non-pollutingpowerplant.Atthesametime,forestsproviderawmaterialsforhumanactivitiesthroughtheirconstantlyrenewedproductionofwood.Finally,theyofferthosecondemnedtospendfivedaysaweekinanurbanenvironmentanunrivalledareaoffreedomtounwindandtakepartinarangeofleisureactivities,suchashunting,ridingandhiking.Theeconomicimportanceofforestshasbeenunderstoodsincethedawnofman-woodwasthefirstfuel.Theotheraspectshavebeenrecognisedonlyforafewcenturiesbuttheyarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Hence,thereisarealconcernthroughoutEuropeaboutthedamagetotheforestenvironmentwhichthreatensthesethreebasicroles.
Themythofthe'natural'foresthassurvived,yetthereareeffectivelynoremaining'primary'forestsinEurope.AllEuropeanforestsareartificial,havingbeenadaptedandexploitedbymanforthousandsofyears.Thismeansthataforestpolicyisvital,thatitmusttranscendnationalfrontiersandgenerationsofpeople,andthatitmustallowfortheinevitablechangesthattakeplaceintheforests,inneeds,andhenceinpolicy.TheStrasbourgconferencewasoneofthefirsteventsonsuchascaletoreachthisconclusion.Ageneraldeclarationwasmadethat'acentralplaceinanyecologicallycoherentforestpolicymustbegiventocontinuityovertimeandtothepossibleeffectsofunforeseenevents,toensurethatthefullpotentialoftheseforestsismaintained'.
Thatgeneraldeclarationwasaccompaniedbysixdetailedresolutionstoassistnationalpolicy-making.Thefirstproposestheextensionandsystematisationofsurveillancesitestomonitorforestdecline.Forestdeclineisstillpoorlyunderstoodbutleadstothelossofahighproportionofatree'sneedlesorleaves.Theentirecontinentandthemajorityofspeciesarenowaffected:
between30%and50%ofthetreepopulation.Theconditionappearstoresultfromthecumulativeeffectofanumberoffactors,withatmosphericpollutantstheprincipalculprits.Compoundsofnitrogenandsulphurdioxideshouldbeparticularlycloselywatched.However,theireffectsareprobablyaccentuatedbyclimaticfactors,suchasdroughtandhardwinters,orsoilimbalancessuchassoilacidification,whichdamagestheroots.ThesecondresolutionconcentratesontheneedtopreservethegeneticdiversityofEuropeanforests.Theaimistoreversethedeclineinthenumberoftreespeciesoratleasttopreservethe'geneticmaterial'ofallofthem.AlthoughforestfiresdonotaffectallofEuropetothesameextent,theamountofdamagecausedtheexpertstoproposeasthethirdresolutionthattheStrasbourgconferenceconsidertheestablishmentofaEuropeandatabankonthesubject.Allinformationusedinthedevelopmentofnationalpreventativepolicieswouldbecomegenerallyavailable.Thesubjectofthefourthresolutiondiscussedbytheministerswasmountainforests.InEurope,itisundoubtedlythemountainecosystemwhichhaschangedmostrapidlyandismostatrisk.Athinlyscatteredpermanentpopulationanddevelopmentofleisureactivities,particularlyskiing,haveresultedinsignificantlong-termchangestothelocalecosystems.Proposeddevelopmentsincludeapreferentialresearchprogramonmountainforests.ThefifthresolutionrelaunchedtheEuropeanresearchnetworkonthephysiologyoftrees,calledEurosilva.EurosilvashouldsupportjointEuropeanresearchontreediseasesandtheirphysiologicalandbiochemicalaspects.Eachcountryconcernedcouldincreasethenumberofscholarshipsandotherfinancialsupportfordoctoralthesesandresearchprojectsinthisarea.Finally,theconferenceestablishedtheframeworkforaEuropeanresearchnetworkonforestecosystems.Thiswouldalsoinvolveharmonisingactivitiesinindividualcountriesaswellasidentifyinganumberofpriorityresearchtopicsrelatingtotheprotectionofforests.TheStrasbourgconference'smainconcernwastoprovideforthefuture.Thiswastheinitialmotivation,onenowsharedbyall31participantsrepresenting31Europeancountries.Theirfinaltextcommitsthemtoon-goingdiscussionbetweengovernmentrepresentativeswithresponsibilityforforests.
Questions27-33
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?
Inboxes27-33onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
27ForestproblemsofMediterraneancountriesaretobediscussedatthenextmeetingofexperts.
28ProblemsinNordiccountrieswereexcludedbecausetheyareoutsidetheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.
29Forestsarearenewablesourceofrawmaterial.
30Thebiologicalfunctionsofforestswererecognisedonlyinthetwentiethcentury.
31NaturalforestsstillexistinpartsofEurope.
32Forestpolicyshouldbelimitedbynationalboundaries.
33TheStrasbourgconferencedecidedthataforestpolicymustallowforthepossibilityofchange.
Questions34-39
Lookatthefollowingstatementsissuedbytheconference.
Whichsixofthefollowingstatements,A-J,refertotheresolutionsthatwereissued?
Matchthestatementswiththeappropriateresolutions(Questions34-39).
Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes34-39onyouranswersheet.
AAllkindsofspeciesoftreesshouldbepreserved.
BFragilemountainforestsshouldbegivenpriorityinresearchprograms.
CThesurvivingnaturalforestsofEuropedonotneedprioritytreatment.
DResearchistobebetterco-ordinatedthroughoutEurope.
EInformationon
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