字母和字母组合的读音规则小结.docx
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字母和字母组合的读音规则小结.docx
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字母和字母组合的读音规则小结
字母和字母组合的读音规则小结
A
a/ei/facelatenameplanetake
/A/badgladlampplan
/C/qualityquantitywantwashwatchwhat
/B:
/fatherrather
非重读/E/aboutagainawakechinabreakfastimportant
非重读/i/accurateadvantagecomradecouragedamagemessage
palacepassageprivateseparatevillagevoltage
在名词、形容词、副词词尾
非重读/ei/celebratedictateradiateseparate
在动词词尾
aff/B:
f/staff
aft/B:
ft/aftercraftdraft
ai/ay/ei/brainclaimfaintmainwait
daymayplaysay
非重读/i/mountainportraitholidaySunday
air/Z[/chairfairhairpairstair
al/C:
/chalktalkwalk
allballcallwall
/C:
l/alsofalsesalt
/B:
/calfhalf
1
balmcalmpalm
-an-/B:
n/commanddanceplant
ar/B:
/barcardarkfarlark
/C:
/dwarfquarterwarwardwarmwarp
非重读/E/collargrammarparticularpolarsugarare/Z[/caredarefareraresparestare
-ask/B:
sk/askflasktask
-asp/B:
sp/grasp
-ass/B:
s/brassclassglasspass
-ast/B:
st/blastfastlastpast
-ath/B:
W/bathpath
augh/C:
/caughtdaughtertaught
au/aw/C:
/authorcausefaultlaunch
awfulclawdawnlawpawsaw
B
b/b/beeblast
C
c/k/cakeclothcookcrosscut
/s/cellcitecitycycle
cc/ks/accentacceptaccidentsucceed
/k/acclaimaccordingaccuseoccupy
ch-/tF/chalkchangechoosechurch
/k/anchorcharacterchemistrychlorideechopsychologyschoolstomach
/F/chauffeurchef
-cia--cie--cio-
/FE/efficientsufficientdeliciouspreciouselectriciansocialspecialtechnician
ck/k/deckkickneckpackstick
D
d/d/decid
edeeddivedoduty
dge/dV/badgebridgejudgelodgeridgeE
e/i:
/hethemethesewe
/e/bestdeskeggpenwellyes
非重读/E/excellentopensentencesilent非重读/i/decideeventexplainrepeat
actresscarelessdarknesstallestwanted
ea/i:
/cleanleasemeatpeacetea
/e/breaddeadheadlead
/ei/breakgreat
/iE/idea
ear/iE/dearfearhearspeartearwear
/Z[/bearpearwear
/[:
/earlyheardlearnpearl
ee/i:
/greenmeetseesteelthree
eer/i[/beercheerdeerengineerpioneer
ei/ai/eitherheightneither
ei/ie/i:
/ceilingreceive
brieffieldniecepiecethiefyield
eigh/ei/eightfreightneighbor
el/([)l/level
em/([)m/problem
en/([)n/elementevenopensevenstudent
er/[:
/certainhernervepersonserve
非重读/[/conversationpaperperformteacherworkerere/i[/adhereheremerely
/Z[/therewhere
eu/ew/ju:
/feudalneutral
chewdewfewnew
ew/u:
/blewcrewdrewJewthrew
ey/ei/greypreythey
非重读/i/moneyvalley
F
f/f/farfewfirforfun
calfknifelifescarfwolf
G
g/g/gavegogoat
biglegtag
/dV/gemgiantcouragelargetechnology
gh/f/coughenoughlaughroughtough
gn/n/campaigndesignforeignsign
gu(e)/g/guessguestguidelanguageleagueplagueH
h/h/hareheadhighhorsehouse
/不发音/honorhourexhaustexhibitrhyme
I
i/y/ai/likenicetimemywhytry
i非重读/ai/criticizeexercisemodernizerealize
在动词词尾
y非重读/ai/beautifyclassifyoccupysatisfy
在动词词尾
i/y/i/isitmilkmythsickwish
givelive
非重读/i/activecityhappyofficemorning
非重读/E/beautifulholidaypossible
ie/ai/dieliepietie
ia/ie/io/aiE/biasdialoguereliable
quietsciencesociety
riotvioletviolent
ei/ie/i:
/ceilingreceive
brieffieldniecepiecethiefyield
-ild/aild/childmildwild
-ind/aind/blindfindkind
ig/igh/ai/signdesignbrightlightnightsigh
io/iou
非重读/iE/curiousfuriouspatriotperiod
ir/[:
/birddirtfirstgirlthirst
非重读/[/circumference
ire/yre/aiE/admirefirehirerequiretiretyrewireJ
j/dV/jacketjobjoinJulyjust
K
k/k/kettlekeykitchenkite
kn/n/kneeknifeknitknow
L
l/l/layleavelightlosslust
bottlecastlelittletalltitlewill
M
m/m/manmeetmicemoremuch
dimedomebottomroom
-mb/m/bombclimbcombtomb
mn/m/autumncondemnsolemn
(在词尾)
N
n/n/namenicknameniecenose
cottonfattenlantern
kn/n/kneeknitknow
ng/nk/N(g/k)/bangclingEnglishfingerringthingtonguebankrinkthinkuncle
O
o/Eu/bonehomejokenosmokeso
非重读/Eu/phonophotopianopotatoradiotomato
/C/dropgothotlotodd
/u:
/domovetowho
/Q/comesomedoneonesonbrothermother
doveglovelove
非重读/[/considerproducesecondseldomtoday
oa/Eu/boatcoatloadroadsoap
oe/Eu/doefoehoetoe
oar/C:
/boardcoarsehoarseroarsoar
oi/oy/Ci/boilcoinhoistmoistpointvoice
annoyboyjoyploytoy
-old/Euld/boldcoldfoldold
oo/u/footgoodstood
bookbrookcooklooktook
/u:
/bootfoodmoonschoolspoontootooth
/Q/bloodflood
oor/C:
/doorfloor
or/C:
/cordforklordmorningportion
/[:
/wordworkworldworship
非重读/[/doctordirectoreffortforgetmotor
ore/C:
/coreforemoreshorestorewore
-ost/Eust/mostpost
ou/u:
/groupyouth
ou/Q/countryroughtouchtoughtroubleyoung
ou/ow/Eu/soulshoulder
blowgrowknowshowsnow
非重读/Eu/sorrowtomorrowwindowyellow
ou/ow/au/aboutclouddoubthouseloudmouthshoutbrownclowndownnowtown
非重读/[/generousjealousnervous
ough/C:
/boughtfoughtthought
oul/u/couldshouldwould
our/au[/flourhoursour
our/C:
/coursecourtfourpour
our/u[/tour
非重读/E/colourlabourneighbour
owe/ower/auE/towelvowelflowerpowershowerP
p/p/partpearpillpower
capclapdeeppeep
ph/f/paragraphphonographphotophrasephysicsps-/s/pseudo-sciencepsychology
Q
qu-/q/kw/quayquestionquickquitequotation
R
r/r/racereadrightrottenrude
wr-/r/writewringwrong
S
s/s/sackseesightslightsoapstart
basecase
(在词首,在名、形容词中)
/z/closetdesireisreasonvisit
(在元音字母之间)
sc/s/scenarioscenescentsciencescissor
/sk/escapescarfscornsculpture
sh/F/shapesheepshineshoreshut
ashbushcashfishwash
-sia-/F[/AsianRussian
-sion/VEn/decisionoccasionprecisionvision
-shion-sion-tion
/FEn/cushionfashionaggressionimpressionoppressionversionactiondictationfictionmotionsolution
ss/s/assistantblessclasslesslessonlossmiss
-ssure/FE/pressure
-st-/s/castlefastenlistenwhistle
-sure/VE/exposuremeasurepleasuretreasure
sw/s/answersword
T
t/t/taketelltoothbeattastewhat
tch/tF/catchlatchmatchpatchwatch
th/W/thankthemethinthreatthroat
bathclothnorthpathtenth
th(e)/T/thantheretheythose
bathebreathefatherratherweather
-tia--tie-/F[/militiapartialpatientpotential
-shion-sion-tion
/FEn/cushionfashionaggressionimpression
versionactiondictationfictionmotionsolution
-stion/stFEn/combustionquestionsuggestion
-ture/tFE/adventurecapturecultureexpenditurefuture
U
u/ju:
/cutemutetuneuse
/u:
/ruletruefluteJune
/Q/butclublustmustshutsun
/u/bushfullput
非重读/ju/communistinstrumentoccupyregular
非重读/ju:
/attributeattitudecontributedistributeinstitute
在名词和动词词尾
非重读/E/autumndifficultindustrysuggestsupportsupposeue/(j)u:
/bluecluecueduegluesuetrue
ui/ju:
/nuisancesuit
/u:
/fruitjuicerecruit
/(j)u(:
)/suicidetuitionfluidruin
ur/E:
/burnfurhurtnursesurfaceturnurge
非重读/E/murmurpursueSaturdaysurvive
ure/(j)uE/curemanurepuresure
非重读/E/figureinjure
V
v/v/varyvestvibratevotevulnerable
divefivegivelive
W
w/w/warywearwipewool
wh-/w/whatwhilewhipwhy
/h/whowholewhomwhose
wr-/r/writewrongwring
sw/s/answersword
X
x/gz/exactexamineexampleexhibitionexist
/ks/exportexceptexitexport
Y
y/ai/cycle
非重读/ai/beautifyclassify
非重读/i/citypsychologyclearlydaily
/j/yardyetyieldyoungyouth
Z
z/z/zestzoozoneooze
元音、辅音和国际音标
说明各个字母或字母组合在什么情况下读什么音的规则,称为读音规则。
国际语音学会制定的用一个符号代表一个音素的音标,简称国际音标。
语音的最小单位是音素,音素有元音和辅音之分。
发音时声带振动而气流在通路上不受阻碍的是元音;不论声带振动与否,气流在通路上受到这种或那种阻碍的都是辅音。
元音依发音时舌面隆起部分位置的前后分为前元音、后元音和中元音。
发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音,声带振动的称为浊辅音。
consonants(辅音):
(26)
fricative/friction(摩擦音):
(10)
voiceless/fWsFh/
voiced/vTzVr/
plosive/stop(爆破音):
(6)
voiceless/ptk/
voiced/bdg/
affricate(破擦音):
(6)
voiceless/tFtstr/
voiced/dVdzdr/
nasal(鼻音)(3)/mnN/
lateral(舌边音)
(1)/l/
vowel:
(20)
front(前元音)(4)/i:
ieA/
central(中元音)(3)/EE:
Q/
back(后元音)(5)/B:
CC:
uu:
/
diphthong(双元音)(8)/eiaiCiEu/ouauiEZ[u[/
semi-vowel/glide(半元音/滑音)
(2)/jw/
开音节和闭音节规则
1.开音节:
元音字母在开音节中读其字母名称音,u在字母j,l,r后面发/u:
/。
1)以元音字母结尾的音节,如be,my,no;
2)以“一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母+e(不发音)”结尾的音节,如age,eve,ice,use;
3)以“(一个)辅音字母+一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母+e(不发音)”结尾的音节,如
dive,fuse,like,name,nose,plate,rule,theme;
4)以“(一个)辅音字母+一个元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节,也按开音节读音:
blue,due,lie,see,three,tie
2.闭音节:
元音字母a,e,i/y,o,u在闭音节中分别发音为:
/A/或/C/(在字母qu的组合以及字母w后面),/e/,/i/,/C/,/Q/.
1)以“一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母”结尾的音节,如add,at,egg,end,if,it,odd,up,us
2)以“(一个)辅音字母+一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母”结尾的音节,如black,clock,fun,knit,map,net,nod,pump,quality,sit,syrup,wash;
3)以“一个元音字母+二个辅音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节,也按闭音节读音:
bridgedensehencehingeplungerevolvesensesincesludge
solvetingetwelvevalve
R音节规则
“元音+r”构成的音节叫“R音节”,重读“R音节”的读音分别为:
1.ar/B:
/:
carhardmarkpart
/C:
/:
warwarmwarp
(在字母w后面)
2.er/E:
/:
deserveherserveverb
3.ir/E:
/:
birddirtyfirstsirvirgin
4.or/C:
/:
corklordportsort
/E:
/:
wordworldworkworst
(在字母w后面)
5.ur/E:
/:
curbfurnursepurse
非重读“R音节
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- 字母 组合 读音 规则 小结