主旨要义题的题型特点及解题技巧.docx
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主旨要义题的题型特点及解题技巧.docx
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主旨要义题的题型特点及解题技巧
主旨要义题的题型特点与解题技巧
高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题包括主题(topic、subject、mainidea、generalidea)型和标题(title)型两类。
在确定文章的标题(title)的时候,我们要以文章的中心为依托。
但应注意的是,中心大意不完全等同于标题。
文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容,而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明,而且通常是名词或名词短语。
一.正确选项的特点
(1)标题概括类题目:
体现概括性,(最大程度上覆盖全文);针对性(标题不能过大或过小);醒目性(可吸引读者)
(2)中心思想类题目:
体现全面性,避免以偏概全;
(3)段落大意类题目:
体现针对性,避免张冠李戴。
二.干扰项的特点
1.以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,也就是文章的局部信息。
2.断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容,或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3.主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4.张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上,构成一个干扰项。
考生不注意的情况下,会造成错选答案。
5.无中生有,似是而非。
有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了,但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
三、解题技巧
(1)主题句在开头.模式:
总---分----分,即开门见山.新闻报道,说明文,议论文常用此方式.
(2)主题句在末尾.模式:
分---分---总,即先摆事实,后作结论.
(3)主题句在中间.模式:
分---总---分(引言---主题---解析或提问---回答-----解析)
(4).根据首尾抓大意(首尾呼应)模式:
总---分---总
(5)无住题句,归纳各段要点抓大意..
(6)找高频词.
四、实例分析
实例分析1:
Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you’vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe’retheappleofourparents’eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe’regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesit’salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.
Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.
Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.
Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucan’tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyou’resillybecauseyouaren’tgoodatmath,findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou’reweakbecauseyoucan’trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyouthinkyou’redullbecauseyoudon’twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.Butremember,justbecauseyouthinkitdoesn’tmeanit’strue.
Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveself-image.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfontheback,you’llknowyou’rewellonyourway.Goodluck!
(2008年广东卷阅读理解B篇)
49.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.
C.Howtobuildapositiveself-image.D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.
实例分析2:
Somethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUKresearchers.
Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.
TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.“Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful(有害的)itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflife,andthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem,”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.
Tenhealthyvolunteers(志愿者)weregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine,duringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin,whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.
Theteamfoundthat,whenthevolunteersweregiventheobromine,thecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.
Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity(神经活动),whichcausecoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatments,theobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.(2008年全国卷阅读理解D篇)
56.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Codeine:
ANewMedicine B.ChocolateMayCureCoughs
C.CoughTreatment:
AHardCase D.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs
实例分析3:
Doyouwanttolivewith
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