语法术语中英文.docx
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语法术语中英文.docx
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语法术语中英文
语法术语中英文
1.Noun(名词)
countableuncountable
(可数名词、不可数名词)
NumberofN(名词的数)
Irregularplurals(不规那么复数)
GenitivecaseofN(名词的所有格)
Doublegenitive(双重所有格)
2.Pronoun(代词)
Personalpronoun(人称代词)
Possessivepronoun(物主代词)
Reflexivepronoun(反身代词)
Interrogativepronoun(疑问代词)
Indefinitepronoun(不定代词)
3.Numeral(数次)
Cardinal、ordinalnumbers(基数词、序数词)
Percentage(百分数)
Fraction(分数)
Decimal(小数)
Multiple(倍数)
4.Determiner(限定词)
Definite,indefinite,zeroarticles
(定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词)
Quantifiers(数量词)
5.Preposition(介词)
6.Adjective(形容词)
Attributive定语
Predicative表语
Adverbclauseequivalent副词性从句
7.Adverb(副词)
ModifierofAdj/Adv/Prep-phrase/N-Phrase/Adverb-clause(形容词、副词、介词短语、副词性从句的修饰语)
ThecomparativeandsuperlativedegreesofAdj/Adv(形容词和副词的比较级和最高级)
9.Verbclasses(动词)
Transitiveandintransitiveverbs
(及物动词和不及物动词)
Auxiliariesandmodalauxiliaries
(助动词和情态动词)
Semi-auxiliaries(半助动词)
Phrasalverbs(短语动词)
10.Tense(时态)
Simplepresent,past,futureandwithmodals(一样此刻时,一样过去时,一样以后时和情态助动词加动词)
Presentandpastprogressive
(此刻进行时和过去进行时)
Futureprogressiveandwithmodals
(以后进行时和情态动词加进行时)
Presentandpastperfect
(此刻完成时和过去完成时)
Futureperfectandwithmodals
(以后完成时和情态动词加完成时)
Presentperfectprogressive
(此刻完成进行时)
Pastperfectprogressive(过去完成进行时)
voice(被动语态)
Passivevoiceinsimpletense
(被动语态的一样时态)
Passivevoiceinperfectandprogressivetenses(被动语态的完成和进行时态)
Passivevoiceofphrasalverbs
(短语动词的被动语态)
12.Subjunctivemood(虚拟语气)
13.ToV(Infinitive动词不定式)
assubject,objectandcomplement
(用作主语,宾语和补足语)
Indicatingpurpose/result
(表示目的和结果)
Modifyingadjective(修饰形容词)
aspostmodifierinanounphrase
(后位修饰名词)
tobe+V-ed2,tohave+V-ed2,tobe+V-ing(不定式的被动式,完成式和进行式)
14.V-ing(Gerund动名词)
object,subjectandpredicative(宾语,主语和表语)
N/Pronounsortheirpossessive+V-ingassubjectandobject(名词/代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语)
Prep+N/Pronounsortheirpossessive+V-ing(介词加名词/代词或其所有格加动名词)
being+V-ed2,having+V-ed2,havingbeen+V-ed2asanounequivalent(动名词的被动式,完成式和完成被动式起名词作用)
15pre-modifierandpostmodifierinanounphrase此刻分词和过去分词)
ascomplement(补足语)
asanadverbclauseequivalent(作状语)
When/while,etc.+V-ing/V-ed2(When/While等加此刻分词或过去分词)
(with)N+V-ing/V-ed2([with]名词加此刻分词或过去分词)
DanglingV-ingasadverbclauseequivalent(无归属此刻分词作状语)
being+V-ed2,having+V-ed2,havingbeen+V-ed2asanadverboradjectiveclauseequivalent(此刻分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语)
16.Basicsentencepatternsandsentenceelements(大体句型和句子成份)
Pattern1:
S+V
Pattern2:
S+V+Cs
Pattern3:
S+V+O
Pattern4:
S+V+Oi+Od
Pattern5:
S+V+Od+Co
17.Interrogativeform(疑问形式)
Negativeform(否定形式)
Passiveform(被动形式)
relativeclause(定语从句)
Restrictiveandnon-restrictive(限制性和非限制性定语从句)
Appositiveclause(同位语从句)
Nounphraseappositivetoclause
(名词短语作句子的同位语)
Clauseoftimeandspace
(时刻从句和地址从句)
Clausesofcondition,concessionandcontrast(条件从句、妥协从句和对照从句)
Clausesofcause,resultandpurpose
(缘故从句、结果从句和目的从句)
Clausesofmannerandcomparison
(方式从句和比较从句)
Clausesofproportionandothertypes
(比例从句和其它从句)
3rdpersonpronouns,andpluralsofthe1stand2ndpersonpronouns(第三人称代词,第一、二人称代词的复数)
indefinitepronouns(不定代词)(+of+N/Pron)
Subject-verbinversion(主语与谓语倒装)
Parenthesis(插入语)
Omission(省略)
Omissionthroughcoordination
(并列结构中的省略)
Negation(否定)
Totalnegation(全数否定)
Partialnegation(部份否定)
Doublenegation(双重否定)
Transferrednegation(转移否定)
《朗文高级英语语法》
第一章动词时态概述(OverviewOfVerbTenses)
1-1一样时态(TheSimpleTenses)
1-2进行时态(TheProgressiveTenses)3
1-3完成时态(ThePerfectTenses)
1-4完成进行时态(ThePerfectProgressiveTenses)
1-5时态用法总结(SummaryChartofVerbTenses)
1-6-ing和-ed形式的拼写(Spellingof-ingand-edForms)
第二章一样此刻时,一样过去时,此刻进行时和过去进行时(PresentAndPast,SimpleAndProgressive)
2-1一样此刻时(SimplePresent)
2-2此刻进行时(PresentProgressive)
2-3静态动词(StativeVerbs)
2-4am/is/arebeing+形容词(am/is/arebeing+Adjective)
2-5规那么动词和不规那么动词(RegularandIrregularVerbs)
2-6规那么动词:
-ed的发音(RegularVerbs:
Pronunciationof-edEndings)
2-7不规那么动词表(IrregularVerbs:
anAlphabeticalList)
2-8易混淆的动词:
raise/rise,set/sit,lay/lie(TroublesomeVerbs:
raise/rise,set/sit,lay/lie)
2-9一样过去时(SimplePast)
2-10过去进行时(PastProgressive)
2-11进行时态与always连用表示抱怨(UsingProgressiveVerbswithalwaystoComplain)
2-12进行时态中地址状语的用法(UsingExpressionsofPlacewithProgressiveVerbs)
第三章完成时和完成进行时(PerfectAndPerfectProgressiveTenses)
3-1此刻完成时(PresentPerfect)
3-2此刻完成进行时(PresentPerfectProgressive)
3-3过去完成时(PastPerfect)
3-4过去完成进行时(PastPerfectProgressive)
第四章以后时(FutureTime)
4-1一样以后时:
will和begoingto(SimpleFuture:
willandbegoingto)
4-2will与begoingto的比较(willvs.begoingto)
4-3历时刻状语从句表示以后(ExpressingtheFutureinTimeClauses)
4-4用一样此刻时和此刻进行时表示以后(UsingthePresentProgressiveandtheSimplePresenttoExpressFutureTime)
4-5以后进行时(FutureProgressive)
4-6以后完成时(FuturePerfect)
4-7以后完成进行时(FuturePerfectProgressive)
第五章时刻状语从句和时态的温习(AdverbClausesOfTimeAndReviewOfVerbTenses)
5-1时刻状语从句:
形式(AdverbClausesofTime:
Form)
5-2历时刻状语从句表示时刻关系(UsingAdverbClausestoShowTimeRelationships)
第六章主谓一致(Subject-verbAgreement)
6-1以-s或-es结尾的词:
用法、发音和拼写(Final-s/-es:
Use,Pronunciation,andSpelling)
6-2大体的主谓一致问题(BasicSubject-verbAgreement)
6-3主谓一致:
表达数量(Subject-verbAgreement:
UsingExpressionsofQuantity)
6-4主谓一致:
therebe的用法(Subject-verbAgreement:
Usingthere+be)
6-5主谓一致:
不规那么用法(Subject-verbAgreement:
SomeIrregularities)
第七章名词(Nouns)
7-1名词复数形式的规那么和不规那么转变(RegularandIrregularPluralNouns)
7-2所有格(PossessiveNouns)103
7-3名词作修饰语(UsingNounsasModifiers)
7-4可数名词和不可数名词(CountandNoncountNouns)
7-5不可数名词(NoncountNouns)
7-6常见不可数名词(SomeCommonNoncountNouns)
7-7冠词的大体用法(BasicArticleUsage)
7-8冠词用法的大体原那么(GeneralGuidelinesforArticleUsage)
7-9 数量的表达(ExpressionsofQuantity)
7-10afew和few,alittle和little的用法(Usingafewandfew;alittleandlittle)
7-11带of的数量表达(UsingofinExpressionsofQuantity)
7-12all(of)和both(of)〔All(of)andboth(of)
7-13单数的数量表达:
one,each,every(SingularExpressionsofQuantity:
one,each,every)
第八章代词(Pronouns)
8-1人称代词(PersonalPronouns)
8-2人称代词:
与类属名词、不定代词的一致性(PersonalPronouns:
AgreementwithGenericNounsandIndefinitePronouns)
8-3人称代词:
与集合名词的一致性(PersonalPronouns:
AgreementwithCollectiveNouns)
8-4反身代词(ReflexivePronouns)
8-5you,one和they用作非人称代词(Usingyou,one,andtheyasImpersonalPronouns)
8-6other的形式(Formsofother)
8-7other的常见表达(CommonExpressionswithother)
第九章情态动词
(一)(Modals,Part1)
9-1概述(Introduction)
9-2I作主语的礼貌请求(PoliteQuestionswithIastheSubject)
9-3you作主语的礼貌请求(PoliteQuestionswithyouastheSubject)
9-4wouldyoumind用作礼貌请求(PoliteRequestswithwouldyoumind)
9-5表示必需:
must,haveto,havegotto(ExpressingNecessity:
must,haveto,havegotto)
9-6没必要要和禁止:
haveto和must的否定形式(LackofNecessityandProhibition:
havetoandmustintheNegative)
9-7忠告:
should,oughtto,hadbetter(Advisability:
should,oughtto,hadbetter)
9-8should的过去式(ThePastFormofshould)
9-9期望:
besupposedto(Expectations:
besupposedto)
9-10提议:
let’s,whydon’t,shallI/we(MakingSuggestions:
let’s,whydon’t,shallI/we)
9-11提议:
could与should的比较(MakingSuggestions:
couldvs.should)
第十章情态动词
(二)(Modals,Part2)
10-1表示确信程度:
此刻时(DegreesofCertainty:
PresentTime)
10-2表示确信程度:
此刻时的否定形式(DegreesofCertainty:
PresentTimeNegative)
10-3表示确信程度:
过去时(DegreesofCertainty:
PastTime)
10-4表示确信程度:
以后时(DegreesofCertainty:
FutureTime)
10-5情态动词的进行式(ProgressiveFormsofModals)
10-6表示能力:
can和could(Ability:
canandcould)
10-7would表示过去重复性的动作(UsingwouldtoExpressaRepeatedActioninthePast)
10-8表示偏向:
wouldrather(ExpressingPreference:
wouldrather)
10-9情态动词和短语情态动词的结合(CombiningModalswithPhrasalModals)
10-10情态动词和类似表达的总结表(SummaryChartofModalsandSimilarExpressions)
第十一章被动语态(ThePassive)
11-1被动语态的组成(FormingthePassive)
11-2被动语态的用法(UsingthePassive)
11-3间接宾语用作被动语态的主语(IndirectObjectsUsedasPassiveSubjects)
11-4情态动词与短语情态动词的被动语态(ThePassiveFormofModalsandPhrasalModals)
11-5静态被动语态(StativePassive)
11-6常见静态被动语态动词+介词(CommonStativePassiveVerbs+Prepositions)
11-7get与被动语态(ThePassivewithget)
11-8分词形容词(ParticipialAdjectives)
第十二章名词性从句(NounClauses)
12-1概述(Introduction)
12-2 以疑问词开头的名词性从句(NounClausesBeginningwithaQuestionWord)
12-3以whether或if开头的名词性从句(NounClausesBeginningwithwhetherorif)
12-4疑问词后接不定式(QuestionWordsFollowedbyInfinitives)
12-5以that开头的名词性从句(NounClausesBeginningwiththat)
12-6直接引语(QuotedSpeech)
12-7间接引语:
名词性从句中动词的形式(ReportedSpeech:
VerbFormsinNounClauses)
12-8名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(UsingtheSubjunctiveinNounClauses)
12-9带有-ever的辞汇的用法(Using-everWords)
第十三章定语从句(AdjectiveClauses)
13-1概述(Introduction)
13-2定语从句的关系代词作主语(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheSubject)
13-3 定语从句的关系代词作动词的宾语(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheObjectofaVerb)
13-4定语从句的关系代词作介词的宾语(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheObjectofaPreposition)
13-5 定语从句的经常使用句型(UsualPatternsofAdjectiveClauses)
13-6whose的用法(Usingwhose)
13-7定语从句中where的用法(UsingwhereinAdjectiveClauses)
13-8定语从句中when的用法(UsingwheninAdjectiveClauses)
13-9定语从句修饰代词的用法(UsingAdjectiveClausestoModifyPronouns)
13-10定语从句中标点符号的利用(PunctuatingAdjectiveClauses)
13-11定语从句中数量的表示方式(UsingExpressionsofQuantityinAdjectiveClauses)
13-12名词+ofwhich的用法(UsingNoun+ofwhich)286
13-13which修饰整个句子的用法(UsingwhichtoModifyaWholeSentence)286
13-14将定语从句简化为形容词短语:
概述(ReducingAdjectiveClausestoAdjectivePhrases:
Introduction)
13-15将定语从句转变成形容词短语(ChanginganAdjectiveClausetoa
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