Unit 5CompanyIntroductions剖析.docx
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Unit 5CompanyIntroductions剖析.docx
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Unit5CompanyIntroductions剖析
Unit5CompanyIntroductions
PartOneTranslatingSkills(II)—Amplification
Presentation(45minutes)
1.Introductiononthetranslatingskill---amplification;
Byamplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworkonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginalsoastomaketheversioncorrectandclear,tomakeitappearmorelikethelanguagetranslatedinto.
Atranslatorshouldtrytosupplynecessarywordstomakehisversionbothaccurateinmeaningandinkeepingwiththeidiomaticuseofthetargetlanguage.Itisforthepurposeoffaithfulrepresentationofthethoughtoftheauthorthatweoftenresortto“amplification”.
例如:
Formistakeshadbeenmade,badones,hewasseverelycriticized.“因为已经犯了错误,很严重,他受到了严厉的批评”
“因为已经犯了错误,而且是很严重的错误,他受到了严厉的批评”
HowshewishedshecouldsendthatmantotheFuries—forthepunishmentshethoughthedeserved.
他真想把那个臭男人交给那母夜叉去整治整治,也好让她出口恶气。
Furies[希神]复仇女神(“土地”和“黑暗”的三个女儿,以清算罪恶为职责,被描绘成庄严、美丽的女郎,Fury为其中之一)
Forexplicitness
A.AdditionofobjectsinE-C
e.g.Firstyouborrow,thenyoubeg.
头一遭借钱,下一遭讨饭。
B.TensesinE.
由于英汉语言的差异,英语动词随时态的变化而变化,而汉语动词没有词形的变化,但有时为了表达的需要和准确性,需要增加一些表示时间的词如:
曾,曾经,已经,过了,了,那时,此时,当时,在,正在,着,将,将要,就要,就会,便等。
1)Shecametotheschoolin1998.ShehadtaughtEnglishintwoschools.
在那以前
2)Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.曾经
3)WhereasKissingerhadonceneededNixonasachanneltopower,NixonnowneededKissingertohelphimremaininpower.
当年,基辛格曾需要尼克松的援引而获得权势,而今(如今),尼克松需要基辛格帮他继续掌权。
4)Theysayhisfatherwasafisherman.Maybehewasaspoorasweare.
5)IknewitquitewellasIknowitnow.
6)Britain’srailwaysystemisbeingimproved.
7)Itislikeadreamtomenow,floatingthroughmymindinslowmotion.Manychildrenwereplayingclosetothewaters.
C.Additionofbackgroundinformation
e.g.Thosewerethewordsthatweretomaketheworldblossomforme,“likeAaron’srod,withflowers”.
后来就是这些词把一个美好的世界展现在我的面前,就像«圣经»上说的“亚伦的杖开了花”一样。
亚伦杖(Aaron'srod)指任何由摩西之兄亚伦所使用的手杖。
根据《旧约全书·民数记》第十七章1-11节,亚伦的手杖与摩西杖一样具有神奇的能力,而这能力在出埃及之前的十灾时被赋与。
它曾被摩西放在约柜之前,并因此而发芽、开花和结果子。
这亚伦杖后来成为了犹太教的特殊圣物。
后世人利用名贵的材料仿造,饰之以蓝宝石,并在杖上刻有亚伦的名,用以代表利未支派
济公劫富济贫,深受穷苦人民的爱戴。
Jigong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedtherichandhelpedthepoor.
ForIntegrityofStructure
A.Thesupplementationofomittedparts
e.g.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.
Wedon’tattackunlessattacked.
B.Additionofimpliedconj.sinC.
e.g.
1)Hesteppedtotheplatformandpaused:
alittledingystation,asmallcrowdoftravelers.
2)Formistakeshadbeenmade,badones.
3)Yes,IlikeChinesefood.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.Sortofthefashion.
3)ForRhetoricalPurpose
A.AdditionofV.s
由于意义上的需要及英汉语言上的差异,英语中重复用词的情况较少,而汉语有时为了达到一定的修辞效果,经常使用重叠或排比句,翻译成汉语时需要在名词前增加动词。
1)Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.
2)Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.
3)Hisparentscannotaffordthelossoftheirson;ouryoungson,hisfather;andImyhusband.
4)Mywork,myfamilyandmyfriendsweremorethanenoughtofillmytime.
B.AdditionofA.sorAd.s
e.g.Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.
根据原文的上下文,有些动词在一定的场合可增加适当的副词,以确切表达原意。
Afterthethunderstorm,thecloudsmeltedaway.雷雨过后,乌云渐渐散去。
Aseagullsawthelightfrommywindowanddarteduptoit.
C.AdditionofN.s
1.在不及物动词后增加名词
由于英语中有及物动词和不及物动词之分,有时宾语隐藏在动词后面,翻译成汉语时需要把宾语补充出来。
Todosomeshopping买东西
Todosomewashing洗衣服
Hebegantoseethingsandtounderstand.
2.在形容词前增加名词
1)“Itisreallyniceandcheap.Youwillregretfornotbuyingitlater.”
这真是物美价廉,你不买会后悔的。
2)Shewaswalkinginthestreetalone,wearyandragged.
3)Sheisextroverted,smilingalltheday.
4)Heisacomplicatedman---moody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.
3.在抽象名词后增加名词:
某些由动词或形容词派生出来的抽象名词,翻译时可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词,使译文更符合汉语习惯,表达更为准确。
topersuade说服persuasion说服工作
toprepare准备preparation准备工作
toresolve解决resolution解决方案
backward落后backwardness落后状态
tense紧张tension紧张气氛
arrogant自满arrogance自满情绪
mad疯狂madness疯狂行为
antagonistic敌对antagonism敌对态度
patriotic爱国的patriotism爱国热情
romantic浪漫romance浪漫色彩/风格
complacent自满complacency自满情绪
necessary必要necessity必要性
1)Theremediesyouproposedareneatandeasybutimpossible.
2)Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertaincondition.
D增加表示复数的词
由于汉语名词的复数没有词形的变化,很多情况下不必表达出来,但有时需要通过增加“们,各位,诸位”等。
如“各位领导,各位嘉宾,老师们,同学们,大家好!
”(ladiesandgentlemen)
1.增加重叠词表示复数
1)Flowersbloomallovertheyard.
2)NewsmenwentflyingofftoIraqtogetthelatestnews.
3)Therewererowsofhouseswhichheadneverseenbefore.
2.增加数词或其他词
1)Thelionisthekingofanimals.
2)Theveryearthtrembledaswiththetrampsofhorsesandmurmurofangrymen.
E.Additionofinterjections
e.g.Don’ttakeitseriously.I’mjustmakingfunofyou.
别当真,我只是开个玩笑罢了。
Thehostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talkedandlaughed,andproposedhealth.
2.Provideexamplesforeachcaseandhavesomestudentsannouncetheirtentativetranslationsforcomparisonwithreferentversions.
G增加量词:
英语中数词与可数名词直接连用,他们之间没有量词,而汉语必须借助量词,因此,翻译时需要增加量词。
Abikeadesk
Acomputeratractor
Anapartmentafullmoon
Agiftapaper
1)Astreamwaswindingitswaythroughthevalleyintotheriver.
一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,会合到江里去了。
2)Thistoowasacompletelie.
H增加概括词
有时候把英语翻译成汉语时,需要把句中的连词省略掉而增加概括词。
1)TheAmericansandJapaneseconductedacompletelysecretexchangeofmessage.
美日双方在完全保密的情况下交换了情报。
Exercises:
1.Bothsidesarewillingtoholdface-to-facetalksinordertoeasetensionintheMiddleEast.
2.Chinahasapopulationofmorethan1.2billion,anditslandnaturalresourcespercapitaarelowerthantheworld’saverage.
3.Thelionisthekingofanimals.
4.Theveryearthtrembledaswiththetrampsofhorsesandmurmurofangrymen.
5.Aring,afullmoon,acrescentmoon,anightmare
6.TheAmericansandJapanesehaveundergoneseriesofsecretconsultations.
7.Marywashedforalivingafterherhusbanddiedofacutepneumonia.
8.Thiscomputerisfineandcheap.
9.Hewaswrinkledandblack,withscantgrayhair.
10.Heisacomplicatedman---moody,mercurial(活泼善变的),withamelancholystreak(痕迹,条纹).
11.Thepresident’sreportsummarizedtheachievementsmadeinindustries,agricultureandforeigntrade.
12.TheAmericansandtheJapaneseconductedacompletelysecreteexchangeofmessages.
13.Afterallpreparationsweremade,theplaneswereflownacrosstheU.S.toSanFrancisco.
14.Profanitywastacitlygivenup.
15.Hefeltthepatriotrisewithinhisbreast.
16.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.
17.Therewererowsofhouseswhichhehadneverseenbefore.
18.MostwereabsorbedintotheRussianempirethroughcolonialexpansionundertheTsars.
19.IneveryChinesecity,wegotintothestreets,shops,parks,theatresandrestaurants.
20.Inflationhasnowreachedunprecedentedlevel.
21.Johntiptoedintothestable.
22.Theseaisnice.
23.Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.
24.Hewasateacher,butnowheisalawyernow.
25.Butthatairystylishnessandcoolwitisnotaseffortlesstoachieveasitistowatch.
26.Itisasortofheavyfood.
27.Themanapproachedunsteadilythewaterside,shoutinganEnglishstreetsong.
TranslatingSkills(III)—Omission
A. Theomissionofpronouns
Repetitivesubjects
e.g.Butit’sthewayIam,andtryasImight,Ihaven’tbeenabletochangeit.
但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。
GenericPronouns
e.g.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn./Weliveandlearn.
活到老,学到老。
ImpersonalPron.s
e.g.Itisonlyshallowpeoplewhojudgebyappearances.
PossessivePronouns
e.g.Heshruggedhisshoulders,shookhishead,castuphiseyes,butsaidnothing.
Objects
e.g.It’syourpen.Ifounditontheplayground.
这是你的笔,我在操场上找到的。
B. TheomissionofArticles
e.g.Thepenismightierthanthesword.
Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.
天天吃苹果,医生远离我。
C. TheomissionofConjunctions
e.g.Asitwaslate,letusgotobed.
不早啦,睡吧!
Everythingisgoodwhennew,butfriendswhenold.
D. TheomissionofPrepositions
e.g.InSeptember1939,theWWIIbrokeout.
1939年9月,第二次世界大战爆发。
Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.
公共场所不准吸烟。
Rumorshadalreadyspreadalongthestreetsandlanes.
2)ForconcisenessandexpressivenessinE-CorC-Etranslation
A. Theomissionofcategoricalmarkers
e.g.我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。
Ourpartyputanendtothesocialunrestandupheavalofthattime.
!
!
!
InC-Etranslationweoftenomitsuchwordsas“方法”、“现象”、“局势”、“状态”、“情况”、“政策”、“做法”、“习俗”、“精神”、“态度”、“问题”,etc.
3)Onlyappropriateomission!
Omissionisnottocutthefeettofittheshoes.Itissupposedtobemadejusttothepoint,toconveytheessenceoftheoriginalmoreeffectively.Otherwise,itwouldspoilthemeaningoftheoriginal.
AsLiuXieputit,“善删者字去而意留,善敷者词殊(超)而义显。
”
A. EmphasizedArticlescannotbeomitted.
e.g.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.
他一句话也没说就走了。
.口译
1.SentenceTranslation
1.Wesincerelywelcomepersonalitiesofallwalksoflifeathomeandabroadtojoin,inwhateverform,thepartnershipwiththecorporationinitsbusinessoperations.
2.Oursisalargecross-regional,cross-tradeandcross-ownership(group)corporationwhichintegratesscientificresearch,manufacturingindustry,tradeandtouristandentertainmentserves;thecompanyhasfixedcapitalassetsof380millionyuanandanannualturnoverof1.5billionyuan.
3.Weoperate
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