中国文化英语翻译.docx
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中国文化英语翻译.docx
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中国文化英语翻译
Unit1中国丝绸
中国是丝绸的故乡。
栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。
商周时期(前1600——前256)丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。
西汉(前206——公元25)时张蹇通西域,把中元与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来,开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。
从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世,成为中国文化的象征、东方文明的使者。
ChineseSilk
Chinaisthehomeofsilk.Mulberryplanting,sericulture,silkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsoftheancientChinese.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties(1600-BC256BC),theChinesepeople’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD),ZhangJian,anoutstandingdiplomat,traveledaroundcentralAsiaandconnectedChinawiththePersianGulfandtheMediterranean,openingupaneweraofSino-foreigntrade,exchangeandcommunication.Fromthenon,China’ssilkbecamewellknownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolor,andabundantculturalconnotations.Hitherto,ChinesesilkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolofChinesecultureandtheemissaryoforientalcivilization.
Unit2中国园林
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术,是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。
其建造原则是“妙极自然,宛自天开”。
游赏中国古典园林,能充分领略“假自然之景,创山水真趣”的园林意境。
在世界三大园林体系中,中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富,被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
ChineseClassicalGarden
TheChineseclassicalgardenisaprecioustreasureofourancientChinesearchitecture.Itisakindofenvironmentart,whichsystematicallycombinesartificialmountainsandrivers,plantsandbuildingswiththenaturallandscape.TheconstructionstandardofaChineseclassicalgardenis“artificialasitis,thegardenmustlookingeniousandnatural.”WhenyougosightseeinginaChineseclassicalgarden,youshouldbeabletoappreciateitsartisticconceptwhich“makesuseofthenaturallandscapetocreatetherealfunofmountainsandriversfoeviewers.”Oftheworld’sthreemajorgardensystems,theChineseclassicalgardenishailedasoneoftheoriginsoftheworld’sgardenduetoitslonghistoryandabundantconnotations.
Unit3文房四宝
笔墨纸砚是中国古时文人书房当中必备的宝贝,被称为“文房四宝”。
用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。
秦(前221——前206)时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔;汉代(前206——公元220)以人工制墨代替了天然墨;有了纸张以后,简牍锦帛逐失使用;砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。
“文房四宝”到宋朝(960——1279)以后特指湖笔(浙江湖州)、徽墨(安徽徽州)、宣纸(安徽宣州)、端砚(广东肇庆,古称端州)。
可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。
TheFourTreasuresoftheStudy
Thewritingbrush,inkstick,inkstone,andpaperwererequisitetreasuresinthestudyofthescholarsofancientChina,andtheyareoftenreferredtoasthe“FourTreasuresoftheStudy.”ThewritingbrushandinkstickhavebeenusedbytheChinesetowriteandpaintsince5,000yearsago.IntheQinDynasty(221BC-206BC),peoplealreadyusedfeathersofdifferenthardnessandbambootrunkstomakebrushes.DuringtheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD),man-madeinkwasusedinsteadofnaturalink.AfterpaperwasinventedbytheChinese,bambooslips,woodentables,brocadeandsilk,whichoriginallyfunctionedaswritingsurfaces,graduallyfadedout.Theinkstonewasfirstdevelopedwiththeuseofwritingbrushesandink.AftertheSongDynasty(960AD-1279AD),the“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”particularlyreferredtohubi,thewritingbrushproducedinHuzhou,Zhejiangprovince;huimo,theinkstickproducedinHuizhou,Anhuiprovince;xuanpaper,akindofpaperproducedinXuanzhou,Anhuiprovinceandduanyan,theinkstonemadeinZhaoqing,Guangdongprovince(ZhaoqingwasearliercalledDuanzhou).Indeed,the“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”havewrittenthewholeChinesecivilization,asitis.
Unit4对联
对联又称楹联或对子,是依中文语言一字一音的特征撰写的一种民族文体。
中国对联的哲学深渊及深层民族文化心理,乃是古代中国人把握和认识事物的阴阳二元观念。
对联的特征是“对仗”:
字数相等,词性相同,平仄相合,内容相关,节奏相应。
对联习俗多样,有春联、婚联、寿联、挽联、茶联等。
AntitheticalCouplets
Theantitheticalcouplet(alsocalledduilian)isalsoknownasyinglianorduilian.Anantitheticalcoupletiskindofnationalwritingstyle,whichiscomposedbytheskillfulmanipulationofthecharacteristicoftheChineselanguagethatonecharactercorrespondswithonesyllable.Thephilosophicaloriginandnationalculturalpsychologyoftheantitheticalcoupletarethenotionofyin-yangduality,accordingtowhichtheChineserecognizeandmasterthings.Thefeatureoftheantitheticalcoupletisan“antithesis”:
equalcharacters,thesamepartofspeech,thelevelandobliquefittingwitheachother,thecontentsbeingrelated,andtherhythmscorresponding.Therearemanytypesofantitheticalcouplets,suchasSpringFestivalcouplets,marriagecouplets,birthdaycouplets,elegiaccouplets,andantitheticalabouttea,etc.
Unit5中国围棋
中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“棋”特指围棋。
围棋可谓中国的国棋。
古称为弈,别称坐稳、手谈。
围棋规则则简单而玄妙无穷。
棋盘方圆不及二尺,有十九纹棋路,三百六十一枚棋子。
表面上对弈双方是对黑白棋子的排布,实则是个人心智、胆识、耐力的比拼。
围棋象征宇宙天地,包含了象数易理、兵法策略、治国安邦等无穷的哲理,充分体现了中国文化中的智慧与灵性。
ChineseWeiqi
ThefourartformsinancientChinaareguqin,chess,penmanship,andpainting.AndchessparticularlyreferstoChineseWeiqi.WeiqicouldbecalledthenationalchessofChina.Inancienttimes,WeiqiwascalledYi,withthealternativenamesZuoyinandShoutan.TheregulationsofWeiqiarebothsimpleandcomplexatthesametime.AfullWeiqisethas361playingpiecesandisplayedonaboardwitha19by19grid.Thecircumferenceoftheboardislessthan2/3metre.PlayingWeiqimaylooklikeanarrangementoftwosides’blackandwhitepieces.However,itisactuallyacompetitionbetweentwoplayersanditteststheirwisdom,courage,andpatience.WeiqisymbolizedHeavenandEarth.Itcontainscountlessphilosophicaltheories,suchasthetheoriesembodiedintheimage-numerologyinTheBookOfChanges,theartofwar,andtheoriesonstateadministrationandnationalsecurity,whichembodiesthewisdomandthespiritofChineseculture.
Unit6中国京剧
京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”,是地道的中国国粹。
它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧,特别是南方的“徽班”。
到了19世纪末,京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。
京剧是综合性表演艺术,集唱(歌唱)、念(念白)、做(表演)、打(武)、舞(舞蹈)为一体,通过程式化的表演手段,叙述故事,刻画人物。
角色主要分为生(男性)、旦(女性)、净(男性)、丑(男性女性皆有)四大行当
ChineseBeijingOpera
Praisedas“OrientalOpera,”BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessenceofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,
BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,becomingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypeofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(male),dan(youngfemale),jing(paintedface,male),andchou(clown,maleorfemale).
Unit7中国道教
道教是中国土生土长的宗教。
创始人是春秋(前770——前476)末期的哲学家、思想家老子。
道教以老子所着的《道德经》为主要经典。
道家主张“重人贵生”,崇尚清静无为、修身养性。
“道可道,非常道。
名可名,非常名。
无名天地之始;有名万物之母。
故常无,欲以观其妙;常有,欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。
ChineseTaoism
TaoismfirstoriginatedinChina.ThefounderofTaoismisLaozi,aphilosopherandthinkerwholivedinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC-476BC).TaoTeChing,whoseauthorshiphasbeenattributedtoLaozi,isconsideredtobethemainTaoismclassic.Taoismadvocatesthevalueofahumanbeing’slife,recommendsthediscardingofalldesiresandworriesfromone’smind,andencouragesthecultivationofmoralcharacterandthenourishmentofhumannature.ThefollowingisanexampleofLaozi’sgoldensayings:
Thewaythatcanbetoldofisnotanunvaryingway;
Thenamesthatcanbenamedarenotunvaryingnames.
ItwasfromthenamelessthatHeavenandEarthsprang;
Thenamedisbutthemotherthatrearsthetenthousandcreatures,eachafteritskind.
Truly,onlyhethatridshimselfforeverofdesirecanseethesecretessences;
Hethathasneverridhimselfofdesirecanseeonlytheoutcomes.
Unit8中国成语
成语是汉语中意义完整地表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。
“成语”中的“成”即是约定俗成。
成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。
绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成,例如:
自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。
成语主要从民间谚、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成,是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。
ChineseIdioms
Chineseidiomsrefertocomprehensiveandintegratedfixedphrasesandexpressions.Idiomsareestablishedandacceptedbyconstantusageandcommonpractice.Anidiomisalanguageunitthatislargerthanaword,buthasthesamegrammaticalfunctionasaword.MostChineseidiomsconsistoffourcharacters.Forexample,ziqiangbuxi(makeunremittingeffortstoimproveoneself),qingchuyulan(bluethanindigo),andhoujibofa(successcomeswithtimeandeffort).Idiomsareextractedfromfolkproverbs,ancientworksofliterature,poems,fables,allusions,andwell-knownsayings.IdiomsareapartoftheChineselanguagethatareconciseandhavegreatvitality.
Fillintheblankswithproperwords
1.
refersto;approval;consistsof;discussion;accountsfor;main;putsforward;aseriesof;
dealswith;gonethrough;ratherthan;increasing;expand;marketing;summed
Thisreportconcernsthedeliveryserveswewishto1______forourclients.Ourmarketresearchcompanyhasalreadygiventheinformationtothe_2_____departmentontheirrecentresearch.The_3_____pointsofthisinformationwillbegivenin_4____shortreportsforthecommitteetoexamineintheirowntime.
Themarketingdepartmenthasnowmadeaplanofactionfor_5_____ourdeliveryservice.TheManagingDirectorhasexaminedthiscarefullyandgivenithis6______.Essentiallyitpresentsthreesuggestionsfor7______andexplainsthereasonswhyweshouldconsideraslow_8_____arapidexpansion.
Thisreport9______thosereasonsandisinthreepartsitgivesmoredetailsaboutthedifficultieswehavehadwithrecruitingstaff:
1itgivesmoredetailsaboutthedifficultieswehavehadwithrecruitingstaff.
2itexplainswhyourdeliveryservicehadproblemslastmonth.
3it10______theproblemscausedbyrisinginflation.
Key:
1.expand;2.marketing;3.main;4.aseriesof;5.increasing;6.approval;7.descussion;8.ratherthan;9.summrizes;10.dealswith
2
Thesunisshinningandeverythinglooksbright.Standinthesun.Canyoufeeltheheatofthesun?
Thesunthatgivestheheatisveryfaraway.Itishardtobelievebutthesunis1______onehundredandfiftymillionkilometers_2_____.Ifaplaneflewdayandnight_3_____stopping,itwouldtakenearly18yearsto___4___thesun.
Thesundoesseemverybigtous,butit’sreallyveryhuge.Onemillionb
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