中高级口译必备词汇第六章生态自然环保.docx
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中高级口译必备词汇第六章生态自然环保.docx
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中高级口译必备词汇第六章生态自然环保
第六章生态、自然和环保
SECTIONI:
英译中
A
akillingfrost 严寒
abrasion n.侵蚀;磨损
acidrain n.酸雨
[详析]
Acidrainisanairpollutionproducedwhenacidchemicalsareincorporatedintorain,snow,fogormist.The"acid"inacidraincomesfromsulfuroxidesandnitrogenoxides,productsofburningcoalandotherfuelsandfromcertainindustrialprocesses.
acidification n.土地酸化
afforestation n.绿化造林
agriculturalecology 农业生态学
airemissionstandards 空气排放标准
airpollution 空气污染
airpollutionemission 空气污染排放(物)
algaen.藻类,海藻
alternativefuels--替代燃料
[详析]
Alternativefuelsincludecompressednaturalgas,alcohols,liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),andelectricity.
altitude n.海拔
amplerainfall n.充足的雨量
annualtemperaturerange 年气温幅度
anomaliesn.反常(现象)
aquaticlife 水生植物
arid adj.干旱的
artificialrain n.人工降雨
ash n.灰烬
atmosphere(The) n.大气层
AutumnalEquinox(fallequinox)秋分(9月22日左右)
[扩展]
VernalEquinox(springequinox) 春分(3月21日左右)
B
biosphere n.生物圈
[详析]
Theterrestrialbiosphereincludesthelivingbiota(plantsandanimals)andthelitterandsoilorganicmatteronland,andthemarinebiosphereincludesthebiotaanddetritusintheoceans.
biotan.[生态]生物区
[详析]
Biotameanstheanimalandplant(faunaandflora)lifeofagivenarea.
barriereffectofmountains 山的阻隔效应、栅栏效应
beachgoern.海滩游客
biomes n.生物群系
blackhole n.黑洞
[详析]
Blackholeisaplacewherethegravityissostrongthatlightcan'tevenescapefromit.howwouldyouknowwheretolookforit?
itcanalsobeinterpretedasgatewaystoanalternativeuniverse.
C
canopy n.树冠,华盖
carexhaust n.汽车尾气
carbondioxide(CO2) n.二氧化碳
carbonmonoxide(CO)n.一氧化碳
CleanAirAct n.清洁空气法案
[详析]
The1990CleanAirActAmendmentsarethemostfar-reachingrevisionsofthe1970law.Inthissummary,werefertothe1990amendmentsasthe1990CleanAirAct.
cleanenergy n.清洁能源
cleanfuels n.清洁燃料
[详析]
Low-pollutionfuelsthatcanreplaceordinarygasoline
climate n.气候
climaticanomaly 气候异常
climaticzones气候带
[glossary] [扩展]
Temperate温带(气候)
thecooltemperatezone 寒温带
thewarmtemperatezone 暖温带
Tropical 热带(气候)
Subtropical 亚热带(气候)
Tundra 苔原(气候)
Equatorial赤道(气候)
Arid 干旱(气候)
Mediterranean 地中海式(气候)
Polar(arctic) 极地(气候)
Mountains 高山(气候)
Plateau高原(气候)
Maritime海洋性(气候)
Continentalclimate 大陆气候
clint n.石芽
coastline n.海岸线
combustion n.燃烧
comet n.彗星
confluence n.汇流(处)
[详析]
Aconfluenceiswhereariverjoinsanotherriver.
contamination n.污染
continentalplate 大陆板块
continentalshelves 大陆架
contingency n.偶发事件
convectionn对流
corrasion n.侵蚀
cost-effective adj. 成本效益好的,合算的
cumulonimbusclouds n.积雨云
D
dailymaximumtemperatures n.日最高气温
dailyminimumtemperatures n.日最低气温
deathtoll n.死亡人数
debrisflow 泥石流
decompositionn. 分解,腐烂
deepwater n.深冷水区
deforestationn.森林砍伐
[例子]
Effortshavebeenmadetostopdeforestation----theremovalofforeststandsbycuttingandburningtoprovidelandforagriculturalpurposes,residentialorindustrialbuildingsites,roads,etc.orbyharvestingthetreesforbuildingmaterialsorfuel.
desertificationn.(土壤)沙漠化,荒漠化
[例子]
Overgrazingofrangelands,large-scalecuttingofforestsandwoodlands,drought,andburningofextensiveareasallservetodestroyordegradethelandcoverandcausedesertification.
domesticsewage n.生活污水
drought n.旱灾
duststorm n.沙尘暴
E
earthquake n.地震
earthquakemagnitude 震级
eco-agriculture 生态农业
ecologicalimpact 生态影响
ecosystem n.生态系统
[详析]
Anecosystemisdefinedasplacehavinguniquephysicalfeatures,encompassingair,water,andland,andhabitatssupportingplantandanimallife.
eco-technology 生态技术
eddy n./v.旋涡,起旋涡
ElNinoSouthernOscillation(ENSO)(气候学)厄尔尼诺南徊现象
[详析]
厄尔尼诺是西班牙语"ElNino"的音译。
厄尔尼诺洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支暖洋流,那时海底不再有冷的、丰富营养的海水,能引起鲸鱼和鱼类的死亡并且影响大部分太平洋地区的气候。
在南美厄瓜多尔和秘鲁沿岸,海水每年都会出现季节性增暖现象,因为这种现象发生在圣诞节前后,则被当地渔民称为厄尔尼诺-即"圣婴"(上帝之子)的意思。
现在厄尔尼诺一词已被气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常增暖的现象(在海洋气象学中规定,该海域海水表层温度高出气候平均值0.5℃以上,且持续时间超过6个月以上时定为厄尔尼诺出现)。
ThetermElNinomeans‘ChristChild’andwasfirstusedbyPeruvianfishermeninthelate1800’stodescribethewarmcurrentappearingoffthewesterncoastofPeruaroundChristmastime.ElNino,anditssisterevent-LaNina-aretheextremephasesofthesouthernoscillation,withElNinoreferringtoawarmingoftheeasterntropicalPacific,andLaNinaacooling.又见L词条中LaNinaphenomenon 拉尼娜现象
emission n.排气(如汽车废气等);排放物
environment n.环境
[详析]
Environmentreferstothesumofallexternalconditionsaffectingthelife,development,andsurvivalofanorganism.
EnvironmentAbstracts 《环境文摘》简称EA
environmentalauditing 环境审核
environmentalawareness 环保意识
environmentalbenefit 环境效益
environmentaldegradation 环境恶化
environmentalhazards 环境危机
environmentallapserate气温垂直递减率(如由山地地形引起)
environmentalmanagement 环境管理
environmentalthreats 环境威胁
environmentalist n.环境保护主义者
epicenter n.震中
Equator n.赤道
equatorialzone赤道地区
existingenvironmentalregulations 现有环境规范条例
extinctspecies灭绝的物种
F
fjord n.峡湾
firn n.积雪;万年雪;冰原
[详析]
Materialthatistransitionalbetweensnowandglacierice.Itisformedfromsnowafterpassingthroughonesummermeltseasonandbecomesglaciericeafteritspermeabilitytoliquidwaterfallstozero.
flood n.洪水;洪灾
foodchain食物链
[详析]
Asequenceoforganisms,eachofwhichusesthenextlowermemberofthesequenceasafoodsource.
forestcoveragerate 森林覆盖率
forestation n.造林
fossilfuel矿物燃料如石油、煤、天然气等,由古代生物衍生而成
[详析]
Anyhydrocarbondepositthatcanbeburnedforheatorpower,suchaspetroleum,coal,andnaturalgas.
freshwaterpollution 淡水污染
fungi (pluralformoffungus)n.真菌(包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇等)
[详析]
Molds,mildews,yeasts,mushrooms,andpuffballs,agroupoforganismsthatlackchlorophyllandthereforearenotphotosynthetic.
[glossary] [扩展]
molds n.霉菌
bacteria n.细菌
viruses n. 病毒
G
galaxy n.星系,银河
[详析]
1.Agalaxyreferstoasystemofabout100billionstars.
2.TheMilkyWay 银河系
genera n. (生物学)属,类
geothermalenergyn.地热能
glaciern.冰河
globalwarming 全球变暖
[例句]
Worldwidetemperatureshavebeenrisingwhichsuggestsaglobalwarming.全世界温度上升,说明全球正在变暖。
GMT (GreenwichMeanTime)格林威治平时
gorge n.山峡
[例句]Geologicalearly-warningsystemhasbeensetupinthreegorges.在三峡建了地质预警系统
grainforgreen退耕还林(还草)
grassland n草地,草原
greenhouseeffect n.温室效应
[详析]Thereisconcernthatincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxideandmethane,mayenhancethegreenhouseeffectandcauseglobalwarming.
greenhousegases n.温室气体
groundcover n.地被植物
[详析]Groundcoverreferstoplantsgrowntokeepsoilfromeroding.
grounddepression n. 面沉降;地面塌陷
groundwater n.地下水
[详析]
ItmeansthesupplyoffreshwaterfoundbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth(usuallyinaquifers)thatoftensupplieswellsandsprings.
H
habitat n.自然环境,栖息地
Hazardousairpollutants(HAPs) 危害性空气污染物
[详析]
chemicalsthatcauseserioushealthandenvironmentaleffects.
hazardouschemicals 有害化学物质
hazardoussubstance 危险品,有害物质
hazardouswaste 危险废弃物
haze n.薄雾,霾
headland n. 岬
heatislandeffect 热岛效应
[详析]
Citiesformheatislandsduetoincreasedcarbondioxide.
herbivore n.食草动物
[详析]
Herbivoreisananimalthatfeedsonplants.
Himalayas 喜马拉雅山(脉)
hotsprings 温泉
[扩展]
geysers 间歇泉
humanexposure 人体照射
hydrocarbon n.氮氢化合物,烃
hydrology n.水文地理学
I
iceage 冰河时期,冰川代
[详析]
IceAgereferstothelatestglacialepoch,thePleistoceneEpoch.
icesheet(continentalglacier) (地)大冰原;冰盾
[详析]
DuringthePleistoceneEpoch,icesheetscoveredlargepartsofNorthAmericaandnorthernEuropebuttheyarenowconfinedtopolarregions(e.g.,GreenlandandAntarctica)。
iceshelf (海)冰架
industrialsolidwastes工业固体废物
infiltration(soil)n.渗透
[详析]
Infiltrationmeansmovementofwaterfromthegroundsurfaceintothesoil.
infrared n.红外线
[详析]
lightthatissoredhumanscannotseeit
infraredradiation红外线辐射
[详析]
AbbreviatedIR;alsocalled"longwaveradiation". (简写为IR,又称长波辐射)
insolation n.暴晒;(医)中暑
internationalenergyforum 国际能源论坛
internationalenergyfoundation 国际能源组织
isotherm n.等温线
[详析]
Alinethatjoinsplaceswiththesametemperature.
isotope n.[化]同位素
K
karst n.喀斯特地形(由于腐蚀而产生裂隙,落水洞,潜流和洞穴的不规则的石灰岩地区)
akarstcave 水蚀石灰洞;溶洞
L
LaNinaphenomenon (气候)拉尼娜现象
[详析]
拉尼娜:
拉尼娜是西班牙语"LaNina"-"小女孩"的意思。
气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常变冷的现象(海水表层温度低出气候平均值0.5℃以上,且持续时间超过6个月以上)。
拉尼娜也称反厄尔尼诺现象。
厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象通常交替出现,对气候的影响大致相反,通过海洋与大气之间的能量交换,改变大气环流而影响气候的变化。
从近50年的监测资料看,厄尔尼诺出现频率多于拉尼娜,强度也大于拉尼娜。
又见E词条中ElNinoSouthernOscillation(ENSO) (气候学)厄尔尼诺南徊现象
landsubsidence 地面沉降
lapserate (山区)气温垂直递减梯度
latitudes 纬度
longitudes 经度
lifezone (生)生物带
lava n.熔岩,火山岩
leading-edgeresearch 尖端研究
lightning n.闪电
limestonescenery 岩溶景色
[详析]
Limestonescenery,orkarst,formssomeofthemostattractivesceneryinBritain.
litter v.乱扔垃圾
litter n.(树林里的)枯枝落叶层
localtopography 当地地形
M
marinepollution n. 海洋污染
marsh n.湿地,沼泽
[详析]
Marshisatypeofwetlandthatdoesnotaccumulateappreciablepeatdepositsandisdominatedbyherbaceousvegetation.
marshgas;methane n.沼气
meanannua
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