中国二手车市场的发展外文文献原稿和译文.docx

中国二手车市场的发展外文文献原稿和译文.docx

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中国二手车市场的发展外文文献原稿和译文

外文文献原稿和译文

原稿

DevelopmentofUsedCarMarketinChina

ABSTRACT

Althoughstillinitsearlydevelopmentphase,rapidgrowthofautoownershiphasalsoinjectednewvitalityforusedcarmarketinChina.Underthesupportofseriespolicy,theusedcarmarketrevealsleapingdevelopmentcharacterwithqualifiedchanges.Itisessentialtounderstandthenewchangesintheusedcarmarket.ThispaperconductedresearchonthenewfeaturesofusedcarmarketinChinatopromoteitsdevelopment.Environmentanalysisshowedthatusedcarmarketwillbestronglyenhancedbythebloomingofautomarket,rapidGDPgrowthandpolicysupport,whichex-periencedsteadytradescaleincreaseandstructureoptimization.Theusedcartradeexperiencedsteadytradescalein-creaseandstructureoptimization.Alongwiththepurchasingpatternchanging,significantexpansionofthesecond-handcarmarketisimminent,evenwithhinderissuessuchaslackofintegrity,evaluationcriteriaandafter-servicesys-tem,andincompletepolicyandregulation.Severalnewfeatureswereidentified,strongpolicysupport,enlargingmar-ketscaleandirradiationloop,remarkableconcentrationincrease,increasedstatusofbrandusedcar,andenhancedtradingserviceplatformestablishment.ItisindicatedthatChina’susedcarmarketismakingtheshiftfromsubordinatepositiontooneofthedominantpositionsinautoindustry,whichisexpectedintoahighspeed,up-goingdevelopmentpassageinthefuture.

Keywords:

UsedCarMarket;Development;NewFeatures;China

1.Introduction

Withtherapidsocialandeconomicaldevelopment,Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmarketsintheworldfortheautomotiveindustry.Inrecentyears,thescaleofChina’sautomotiveafter-salesservicemarketcontinuestoincrease[1].Analyzingfromthepolicy,market,developmentpotentialandotheraspects,theAnnualReportonAutomotiveIndustryinChina（2010）foundthat,inthe“TwelfthFive-Year”period,China’sautomotiveafter-salesservicemarketwillmaintainanannualgrowthrateofabout8percentbyaconservativeestimate,andreachuptoaboutRMB252.3billionYuanin2015[2].

Contemporarily,therapidgrowthofautoownershiphasalsoinjectednewvitalityforsecond-handcarmarket.Thetradingvolumeoftheusedcarmarketrosefrom370thousandto4.33millionfrom2001to2011,withanan-nualincreasebeyond30%.Theaveragetradingrationbetweenusedcarandnewcaris0.24,whichindicatesthegrowingproportionofusedcarinautoindustry[3].Inrecentyears,suchoperatingmodelsasusedcarbrokers,usedcarauctionandusedcarreplacementhaveemergedinthemarketsuccessively.Thealterationoftradingmodelsprovidesnewenginesforthedevelop-mentoftheusedcarmarketinChina.Itisestimatedthatthetradevolumeratiobetweenusedandnewcarwouldreach1:

1inthenexttenyears.

However,China’susedcartrademarketisstillinlowproportionintheautoindustry,evenwithitsrapidgrowth.Accordingtotheexperienceofwesternad-vancedcountries,takingUSAasanexample,thebene-fitsfromusedcarsectoraccountsfor45%ofthewholeautoindustry,andtheaverageprofitfromoneusedcarisaround20%[4].

Underthesupportofseriespolicy,theusedcarmarketrevealsleapingdevelopmentcharacterwithqualifiedchanges.From2000,China’susedcarmarketexperiencehighgrowth,andgraduallybecamethemajorpartoftheautoindustry.Theusedcarmarketalreadymadetheshiftfromthesubordinatepositiontooneofthedominantpo-sitionsintheautoindustry.Itisvitaltounderstandthenewchangesintheusedcarmarket.Thusthispaperconductedresearchonthenewenvironmentoftheusedcarmarket,probedintoitsnewfeatures,thustofurtherpromotethedevelopmentoftheusedcarmarketinChina.

2.EnvironmentAnalysis

2.1.AutoMarketStatusAnalysis

Duetotherapiddevelopmentinautoindustry,China’sautomarketisbecomingthemostimportantareaforautotradeandmanufacture.FastexpandswasobservedinChina’sautoindustry.From2002to2011,autotradevolumerosefrom3.25millionto18.51billion,increase-ingalmost6times,with23.5%annualincrement,showninFigure1.

Note（s）:

Redsectionrepresentspassengercar,yellowsectionrepresentscommercialcar,bluelinerepresentsincrementfortotalcartradevolume.

Alongwiththegrowthinautotradevolume,carispopularizedinordinaryfamily.AccordingtothedatafromChinaAutomotiveIndustryAssociation,civilcarpopulationincreasedfrom18.02millionto93.5million,withaveragely17.4%incrementperyear,showninFig-ure2.

Consequently,thecarvolumeperthousandpeoplegrewsteadilyinChina,from3.7to46.8in2001to2011,increased12.7times,showninFigure3.Accordingtotheautomarketdevelopment,China’sautomarketisinthemassivepopularizationstage.Inthestage,carvol-umewillkeepfastincreaseuntilthecarvolumeperthousandpeopleexceeds250.Usually,itwilllast10years.Duetotheregionaldifferenceinincome,popula-tion,economy,thisstagemaylastlongerinChina.Ex-pertsfromStateInformationCenterestimatedthatthisstagemaylastuntil2013,with12%-14%incrementan-nually.

Therefore,theevergrowingcarvolumeduetothepopularizationstageofautomarket,willprovidemoreroomandsolidfoundationforusedcarmarketdevelop-mentinChina.

Therefore,theevergrowingcarvolumeduetothepopularizationstageofautomarket,willprovidemoreroomandsolidfoundationforusedcarmarketdevelop-mentinChina.

2.2.EconomyEnvironmentAnalysis

DevelopmentofAutomarketispositivelyrelatedtoeconomydevelopmentandpeople’sincome[5].Asthebiggestpopulationintheworld,themarketpotentialisenormous.Recently,Chinaeconomykeepssteadyandfastincrease.RealGDPPerCapitalincreasedfrom1041$in2001to5432$in2011,with17.4%annualincrement,showninFigure4.

Asresident’sincomelevelisthekeyfactorforautopopulation,thefastgrowthinincomewilltransferintohigherdemandincreaseinChinaautomarket,whichwill

Figure1.Autotradevolumefrom2002to2011.

Figure2.CivilcarpopulationinCh

inain2001-2011.

Figure3.Carvolumeperthousandpeoplein2001-2011.

Figure4.RealGDPpercapitalin2001-2011.

enhancethedevelopmentofusedcarmarketinChina.Inarelativelylongperiod,theautoandusedcardemandwillkeepavigorousstage.TheStateDevelopmentCenterandAutoEngineeringAssociationestimatedthatthetotalvehicledemandin2030willbe32.43million,with8.8%annualincrement[6],andthecarvolumeperthousandpeoplewillexceed100.Thisincreasewillstandforarelativelongperiod（Table1）.

2.3.PolicyAnalysis

Apartfromconsumerdemand,severalgovernmentpoli-ciesandregulationshaveboostedtheused-carmarket.

TheAdministrativeMeasuresonUsedCars,releasedin2005,aretheprimaryregulationgoverningtheused-carmarket.Themeasuresintroducedacompe-titionmechanismthatallowsOEM-authorizedautodealershipstorunused-carbusinesses.Themeasuresalsoregulatedifferentparties—includingtradingmar-kets,agentsandoperators—andstrengthenthead-ministrationoforganizationsthatappraisethevalueofusedcars.

TheNoticeonUpgradingtheUsed-CarTradeMarketwasannouncedbytheministriesofCommerceandFinanceinJuly2009.Thecircularaimedtoimprovetheused-carindustry.Initially,thePRCgovernmentselected10provincesandmunicipalities—Beijing,Hubei,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Liaoning,Shandong,Shang-hai,Shenzhen,TianjinandZhejiang—toreceivefis-calfundingtoconductpilotprogramsthatfocusedonthemanagementandinformationonused-cartransac-tionstoimprovetransparency.

TheAutoIndustryRevitalizationPlan,releasedin2009bytheStateCouncil,callsfortheestablishmentofanationalappraisalandevaluationstandardssys-temandatemporaryownershipregistrationsystem.Theplanalsocallsforadjustingthevalue-addedtaxrateonusedcartransactionsandencouragesdealer-shipstoparticipateinvehiclereplacementprograms.

TheTwelfthFive-YearPlanencouragedconsumertopurchaseenergysavingandenvironmentvehicle.Se-riesvehiclesubsidyandtaxreductiononlowemis-sionandnewenergyvehiclewereimplemented,whichhavedirectinfluenceonthefutureusedcarmarket.Therewouldbeincreaseinlowemissionandnewenergyusedcarinthefuture[7].

3.CurrentStatusofUsedCarMarket

3.1.TradeScaleKeptSteadyGrowth

UsedcarmarketincreaseddramaticallyinChinafrom2001.Thetradevolumerosefrom0.37millionto4.79millionin2012,increasedby13times.Theaveragein-crementfrom2001to2012was29.9%（Figure5）.

Theratioforusedcarandnewcarincreasedfrom0.16to0.23,averagely0.24from2001to2011,nationwide（Figure6）.Insomeadvancedarea,likeBeijing,theratioalreadyreached1:

1in2011.Alongwiththeexpansionofnewcarmarket,usedcarmarketwasenhanced,cones-quently.Itisestimatedthatthetradeofusedcarandnewcarwillcometo1:

1in10to15yearsinChina.

Consequently,thetransactionmoneyforusedcartradeincreasedsteadily,whichrosefrom13.2BillionYuanin2001to263.6BillionYuanin2012.Theannualincre-mentwas33.7%（Figure7）.Theproportionofusedcar

Figure5.Usedcartradevolumefrom2001to2012.

Figure6.Ratioofusedcarandnewcar.

marketinautoindustryincreasedsteadily,withtheav-erageproportionof5.5%from2004to2010（Figure8）[7].

Thegrowingusedcarmarketisbecomingthemostimportantpartofautoindustry,whichprovidethefoun-dationforleapingdevelopment.

3.2.UsedCarTradeKeptOptimized