GRE高频argument提纲范文.docx
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GRE高频argument提纲范文.docx
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GRE高频argument提纲范文
1.Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinabusinessmagazine.
"Arecentstudyrating300maleandfemaleMentianadvertisingexecutivesaccordingtotheaveragenumberofhourstheysleeppernightshowedanassociationbetweentheamountofsleeptheexecutivesneedandthesuccessoftheirfirms.Oftheadvertisingfirmsstudied,thosewhoseexecutivesreportedneedingnomorethan6hoursofsleeppernighthadhigherprofitmarginsandfastergrowth.Theseresultssuggestthatifabusinesswantstoprosper,itshouldhireonlypeoplewhoneedlessthan6hoursofsleeppernight."
Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.
以下是14的范文,请大家读完后,将它改写为argument118
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.
注意尽管题目要求不同但是结构和内容基本一致只需要在措辞上进行调整
Thearticlearguesthatcompaniesshouldhirepeoplewhoneedlesssleepbecausetheseemployeesaremorelikelytosucceedbasedonasurveyof300advertisingexecutives. Anumberofassumptionshavebeenmadeaboutthegeneralisabilityofthesurveyresult,thereliabilityofthereportedneedofsleepandotherrelatedissues. Weneedtoexaminetheassumptionscarefullyinordertoassesstheargument.
Tobeginwith,theassumptionthatthesurveyresultscanbeappliedmorebroadlymaynotholdtrue. Thesubjectsofthesurveyareallfromasingleindustry,namely,advertising. Maybeitisimportantforpeopleinthisfieldtoburnthemidnight’soiltoprosper. Butthisrulemaynotapplytootherindustries,forexample,insuranceormanufacturing. Inaddition,thesurveyonlyaskstheexecutiveswhomayhavetoworkextrahourstoleadthecompanies. Butforemployeesatlowerlevelsleepinglessmaynotbeveryhelpfulforachievingsuccess.
Inaddition,itisassumedthattheexecutivesactuallyneedlittlesleepasreportedinthesurvey. Inotherwords,theassumptionisthatthesubjectsweretellingthetruthabouttheirlifestylesduringthesurvey. Itispossiblethatthesurveyrespondentsjustwanttoimpressothersorshowtheirattitudestowardssleepwhenansweringthequestions.Withoutfurtherdatatoverifythereliabilityofthesurveyresults,itisnotreasonabletoapplythefindinginthehiringprocesses.
Anotherassumptionbeingmadeisthattheneedoflesssleepisthemainreasonwhytheexecutivesweresuccessful.Asweallknow,correlationdoesnotnecessarilyimplycausation. Ahostofotherfactorsunrelatedtosleepmayhavecausedthesuccessoftheexecutives.Forexample,theymighthappentohaveagoodteamofpeopleworkingefficientlytowardstheirgoals. Ortheywereluckyenoughtomeetsomeclientswhowerewillingtopayhigherfeeswhichboostedtheprofitmarginsandthegrowthrates.Withoutlookingintohowtheyachievedsuccess,itistoohastytoattributetheiraccomplishmentstotheirsleeppatterns.
Finally,itisalsoassumedthatexecutiveswithlessneedforsleepcansucceedinthelongterm. Maybetheymanagetoaccomplishmorethantheirpeerswiththeirabilitiestosleepless. Butwedonotknowhowtherelativelysmallamountofsleepwouldhaveanynegativeimpactontheirhealthandtheirperformanceinthelongterm. Wealsodonotknowhowtheirlifestylesmayaffecttheoveralljobsatisfactionofthemselvesandtheirco-workers. Iftheirabilitiestosleeplesswouldenablethemtoworkovertime,maybetheywouldalsoforcetheircolleaguestoworkovertime,whichmaynotbenefitthelong-termsuccessofacompany.
Inconclusion,itisnotreasonabletorecommendhiringpeoplewhoneedlesssleepbasedonthissurveyonarelativelysmallgroupofexecutivesfromasingleindustry. Moreinformationisneededbeforewecanchecktheassumptionsdiscussedaboveandmakeamorereasonablehiringpolicy.
2.
WovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha"Palean"basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfromPalea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.
Outline
focusonwhethertherivercouldbecrossedbypeoplewithoutanyhelp:
notsodeepandbroad;frozeninwinter
discussthepossiblebridgesandboatswhichmightnotsurvivethetime
explorethepossibilityofthebasketsbeingcarriedbywater
Accordingtothisargument,thePaleanbasketsmayhavebeenmadebypeoplefromareasotherthanPaleaasthebasketshavebeenfoundintheadjacentvillage.Weneedmoreevidenceaboutgeographicalinformationofthearea,thetechnologiesofbuildingboatsandbridgesandthecharacteristicsofthebasketsinordertoevaluatetheargument.
Whiletheauthorassumesthatthebasketscouldonlyhavebeencarriedbyboatswhichhadnotbeenfound,thereareotherpossiblescenarios. Forexample,maybetheriveratthetimewasnotasdeepandbroadasitisnow. Iftheriverwasshallowandnarrow,peopleinPaleaandLithoscouldbetradingbasketsbywalkingacrosstheriver. Ontheotherhand,maybetheweatherwasextremelycoldatthetimeandtheriverwasfrozenduringthewinter. Againthepeoplefromthetwovillagescouldsimplywalkacrosstherivertotrade. Soweneedmoreinformationaboutthegeographyandclimateintheareaatthetimetoassesshowlikelythescenariosdiscussedabovewere.
WealsoneedtoknowmoreaboutthetechnologiesofPaleanandLithoianpeopleatthetimeforbuildingboatsandbridges. Specifically,wewanttoknowwhethertheywereabletobuildboatsandbridgesandiftheycouldwhatmaterialstheyused. Maybetheycouldbuildboatsorbridgestocrosstheriverbutthematerialstheyusedcouldnotsurvivethetimeandleftnotracesforarchaeologiststolocate. Theabsenceofanytangibletracesofboatsorbridgesdoesnotnecessarilyimplynoboatsorbridgeswereavailablethen. Moreinformationregardingtheseissuesisneeded.
Anotherimportancepieceofevidenceweneedisthematerialsbeingusedtomakethebaskets. Specifically,wewanttoknowwhetherthebasketscouldfloatinthewater. ItispossiblethatsomeofthebasketshadbeendumpedbyPaleanpeopletotheriverandcarriedbythewatertotheothersideoftheriverandthenpickedupbyLithoianpeople.Toassesshowlikelythisscenariois,weneedtoknowthedensityofthematerialsofthebasketsalongwithsomeotherphysicalcharacteristics.
Inconclusion,itisdifficulttodecidewhetherpeoplefromLithosmayhavelearnedtomakethebaskets. Moreinformationaboutdifferentissuesdiscussedabovehastobegatheredtoassessthestrengthoftheargument.
25分钟
conclusion;PaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean;othervillagescanproducesimilarbaskets
keyquestion:
arethenewlyfoundbasketslocallyproducedortransportedfromPalean
whethertheriverwasthatdeepandbroadatthetime
boatsfromothervillages?
whatmaterialswereavailableformakingboats;cantheysurvive
possiblebridge?
tradingrelationship?
3.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.
ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'sarcticregions.
Theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseoftheyear.
Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeedandcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.
Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.
Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetomelt,wecanconcludethatthepurporteddeclineindeerpopulationsistheresultofthedeer'sbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.
P1:
moreevidenceabouttheaccuracyofthehunters’reports
-whetherthehuntershadscaredawaythedeerwiththeirguns
-whetherthehuntershadvisitedtheareainaparticularpointintimewhenthedeerwerelessactive
-howmanyhuntershadreportedthedeerpopulation;thenumberwassmall-lessreliable
P2:
moreevidenceabouttheseaiceinarcticregion
-whethertheseaiceinarcticregionhadmelted(globalwarmingtrenddoesnotmeanlocalwarming)
-whethermorefoodwasavailablenearthehabitatduetotheclimatechange(thennoneedtotravel)
P3:
evidencethatmayprovideotherexplanationsforthedeclineofdeerpopulation
-anypollutionthatmaythreatenthedeerpopulation
-overhunting
4.ThefollowingisalettertotheeditoroftheWaymarshTimes.
"TraffichereinWaymarshisbecomingaproblem.Althoughjustthreeyearsagoastatetrafficsurveyshowedthatthetypicaldrivingcommutertook20minutestogettowork,thecommutenowtakescloserto40minutes,acc
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