英语阅读理解的专项培优练习题及解析1.docx
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英语阅读理解的专项培优练习题及解析1.docx
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英语阅读理解的专项培优练习题及解析1
英语阅读理解的专项培优练习题(及解析
(1)
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1.阅读理解
Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.
Butwhatexactlyisarobot?
Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics.
SensingFirstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmentaroundit.
Giveyourrobotsensors(传感器):
lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtastesensors(tongue).
MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment. Itcanmoveonwheels,walkonlegsorbedrivenbysmallengines(发动机).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.
EnergyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself. Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电池).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyourrobotneedstodo.
IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof"smarts".Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits"smarts".Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.
(1)Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2isabout____.
A. thetoy B. thecharacteristic C. themachine D. theengine
(2)Thechemicalsensorsmayhelparobotto____.
A. See B. catch C. hear D. smell
(3)Inhowmanywayscanarobotpoweritselfaccordingtothepassage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
(4)TheChinesemeaningof"Intelligence"inthelastparagraphis____.
A. 能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观
(5)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A. Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.
B. Totellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.
C. Todescribethemovementofarobot.
D. Tointroducethehistoryofrobots.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
(5)A
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
机器人及智慧机器人的外貌及工作原理。
(1)理解推断题。
A玩具,B人物,C机器,D引擎;根据文中的语句Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.
它还将帮助你决定在机器上安装什么,然后才能被认为是机器人,可知在最终安装零件之前,机器还只是单纯的机器,而不是机器人,因此it指代的是machine,机器,故选C。
(2)细节理解题。
A看(眼睛),B抓(手),C听(耳朵),D闻(鼻子),根据文中的语句chemicalsensors(nose),可知chemicalsensors相当于鼻子,即机器人的嗅觉,smell,故选D。
(3)理解归纳题。
根据文中的语句 Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电池).理解可知,一个机器人能以三种方式为自己提供动力。
故选B。
(4)词义推断题。
根据文中的语句 Arobotneedssomekindof"smarts".机器人需要某种智慧,intelligence的含义就是智力,故选C。
(5)理解归纳题。
通读全文可知,此文主要介绍了什么是机器人以及机器人的特征,故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文考查细节题,词义推断题,推理判断题和主旨题等常考题型,细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案;主旨题,词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出正确选项。
2.阅读理解
Inthesummerbetweenmyfirstyearandsecondyearincollege,Iwasinvitedtobeaninstructor(辅导员)atahighschoolcamp.Onthefirstday,whenweweredancingandplayinggames,Inoticedaboyunderthetreewhowassmallandthin.Hisshynessmadehimappearweak.Iwalkedtowardshim,introducedmyselfandinvitedhimtojoinintheactivitiesandmeetsomenewpeople.Hequietlyreplied,"No,Ireallydon'twanttodothis."IcouldunderstandthathewasinanewworldbutIknewitwouldn'tberighttoforcehimeither.Actually,theboydidn'tneedaclosetalkbutafriend.
Atlunchthenextday,IwasleadingcampsongswhenIsawtheboyunderthetreesittingalone.Itriedagainwiththesameinvitation,butherefusedonceagain.ThateveningIwastoldtheboy'snamewasTommy.ThenIaskedthecamperstopayspecialattentiontotheboyandspendtimewithhimwhentheycould.
Thedayswentbyandthetimecamewhenwehadtoleave.Weheldabig,warmpartytocelebratetheclosingofthecamp.Allthecamperssharedtheirwonderfulmoments.Tomysurprise,Ifoundtheboyfromunderthetreedancingjoyfullywithtwogirls.Icouldn'tbelieveitwasthesameperson.
InOctoberofmysecondyear,IreceivedaphonecallfromTommy'smother.ShetoldmethatTommywashitbyacaranddied.Iofferedmydeepsadness.Themothersaid,"Tommymentionedyousomanytimes.Iwantyoutoknowthathewentbacktoschoolandmadenewfriendswithconfidence.YoumadeadifferencetoTommyduringhislastmonths."
Atthatmoment,Irealizedhoweasyitwastogiveabitofyourselfeveryday.Youmayneverknowhowmucheachgesturemaymeantosomeoneelse.Ihopethateveryonecanpayattentiontohisown"boyunderthetree".
(1)Beforethewritercametothehighschoolsummercamp,hewasa(n) .
A. instructor B. camper C. student D. reporter
(2)Howmanytimesdidthewriterinvitetheboytojoinintheactivities?
A. Once.
B. Twice.
C. Threetimes.
D. Manytimes.
(3)WhichistheCORRECTorderaboutthestory?
①Theboydancedjoyfullywithtwogirls.
②Theboywentbacktoschoolandmadenewfriends.
③Theboyrefusedtojoinintheactivities.
④Theboy'smothermadeaphonecalltothewriter.
A. ①②③④
B. ②③①④
C. ③①②④
D. ④③②①
(4)FromParagraph4,wecaninferthatTommy'smotherwasvery tothewriter.
A. thankful
B. helpful
C. faithful
D. harmful
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了作者曾给一个男孩精神上的帮助,让大家指代每天给自己一点自信是多么容易。
(1)推理题。
根据 Inthesummerbetweenmyfirstyearandsecondyearincollege,Iwasinvitedtobeaninstructor(辅导员)atahighschoolcamp在大学一年级和二年级之间的那个夏天,我被邀请去当一名教师(辅导员)在一个高中营地可知,在作家来到高中夏令营之前,他是名学生,故选C。
(2)细节题。
根据invitedhimtojoinintheactivities和Itriedagainwiththesameinvitation可知,作者邀请这个男孩参加了2次活动,故选B。
(3)细节题。
根据全文描述可知最初男孩拒绝参加活动,后来男孩和两个女孩快乐地跳舞,这个男孩回到学校,交了新朋友,男孩的母亲给作家打了一个电话,故是C选项的排序是正确的,故选C。
(4)推理题。
根据Tommymentionedyousomanytimes.Iwantyoutoknowthathewentbacktoschoolandmadenewfriendswithconfidence.YoumadeadifferencetoTommyduringhislastmonths汤米多次提到你。
我想让你知道,他回到学校,自信地交了新朋友。
在汤米的最后几个月里,你改变了他可知,汤米的母亲对作家很感谢 ,故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息。
3.阅读理解
Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyouareindifferentcountries,youshouldfollowtheircustoms.
InChina,it'simpolitetotalkwheneatingdinner.Andyou'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.
VeryoftenpeoplewhotraveltotheUnitedStatesforgettotip(付小费).Itisusualtotipwaiters,taxidriversandporterswhohelpcarryyourbags.Waitersexpecttogeta15%tiponthecostofyourmeal.Taxidriversexpectaboutthesameamount.
InEngland,makesuretostandinlineevenifthereareonlytwoofyou.It'simportanttorespect(尊重)linesthere.It'sagoodideatotalkabouttheweather.It'safavoritesubjectofconversationwiththeBritish.
InSpain(西班牙),it'sagoodideatohavealightmealintheafternoonifsomeoneinvitesyoufordinner.Peoplehavedinnerverylate,andrestaurantsdonotgenerallyopenuntilafter9:
00p.m.
InSaudiArabia(沙特阿拉伯),menkissoneanotheronthecheek.Yourhostmaywelcomeyouwithakissonbothcheeks.Itispoliteofyoutodothesame.
InJapan,peopleusuallygivepersonalorbusinesscardstoeachotherwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.Whenapersongivesyouacard,don'tputitintoyourpocket(口袋)assoonasyougetit.Thepersonexpectsyoutoreadit.
Don'tforgettobecarefulaboutyourbodylanguagetoexpresssomethinginconversations.Akindofbodylanguagethatisacceptableinoneculturemaybeimpoliteinanother.
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"porters"meaninChinese?
A. 搬运工
B. 水电工
C. 建筑工
D. 环卫工
(2)IfyoutraveltotheUS,andyouspend$200onataxirideand$320onameal,youaresupposedtotipintotal.
A. $520 B. $78 C. $156 D. $60
(3)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A. YouareexpectedtokissyourhostonthecheekinJapan.
B. Generally,restaurantsdon'tofferdinnerafter9:
00p.m.inSpain.
C. It'simpolitetoeatfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetableinChina.
D. Youdon'tneedtostandinlineiftherearetwopeoplewaitingforabusinEngland.
(4)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A. Wheretotravel.
B. Howtotipindifferentcountries.
C. Whentousebodylanguage.
D. Customsindifferentcountries.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍不同的国家有不同的习俗。
当你在不同的国家时,你应该遵循他们的习俗。
(1)词义猜测题。
根据whohelpcarryyourbags帮你搬东西的人可知,porters是搬运工的意思,故选A。
(2)细节题。
根据服务员希望得到15%的餐费小费。
出租车司机期望大约相同的数额服务员希望得到15%的餐费小费。
出租车司机期望大约相同的数额可知,如果你去美国旅行,坐出租车花200美元,吃饭花320美元,你应该总共付小费是(200+320)*20%=78美元,故选B。
(3)推理题。
根据you'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable如果餐桌上有老年人,你不应该先吃饭可知,如果中国的餐桌上有老年人,先吃饭是不礼貌的正确,故选C。
(4)细节题。
根据本文介绍不同的国家有不同的习俗。
当你在不同的国家时,你应该遵循他们的习俗可知,文章主要讲述不同国家的风俗,故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信
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