自考试题解析.docx
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自考试题解析.docx
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自考试题解析
Unit 1 Text A
How Difficult Is English?
英语有多难
Like the national push for Asian literacy
(
n.
有文化,有教养,有读写能力)
in Australia
,就如澳大利亚在全
国推行学亚洲语言一样,
there has been foreign languages fervor[f?
?
v?
] in China
,
中国也掀起一股外语热,
with
English on top of the list.
在这股热潮中,英语高居榜首。
English is not only taught at schools
,
colleges and
universities
,
but also at evening classes
,
on radio and TV
.不仅各级学校教英语,夜校、电台、电视台也都
设有英语课程。
Parents hire
private tutors for their school children
;父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教,
adult
English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English
with peop1e of the same interest and determination.
成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日,到公园参加英语角,
与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。
Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a
large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ?
英语真的有这么难,
需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才
能掌握吗
?
The answer
,
if
I am asked to offer
,
is undoubtedly
,
yes
.如果我被问及这个问题,那么毫无疑
问,我的答案是:
是的。
From my personal experience,
从我个人的经验来看,
I think learning English means
far more than learning its pronunciation
,
its grammatical rules
,
its words
,
etc
.英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发
音、
语法规则、
词汇等,
It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use
it
.它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。
Without
such
a
complete
understanding
of
the
language,
对英语没有这样全面的理解,
the
English
a
foreigner
speaks
will
inevitably
sound
strange
or
even
unintelligible
though
there
is
not
anything
wrong
with
his
pronunciation
,
sentence
structure
and the
words
he
uses
.即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误,一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。
The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in
learning it
.
讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。
Take the Chinese English learners for
example
.以学英语的中国人为例,
"
Hello
"and
"Good
morning"
may
sound
a
little
bit
simple
to
Chinese
people
.
"
你好
"
和
"
早上好
"
是非常简单的。
It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that
native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?
"
,
which is a commonly
used addressing among the Chinese
.
"
你去哪儿
?
"
是中国人常用的问候语,若英语母语者被问及
"
你去哪儿
?
"
,
他们会因此感到不悦,
这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。
Is there anything wrong with the English sentence
structure
?
这个英语句子结构不对吗
?
Of
course
not
.当然不是。
It
takes
quite
some
time
for
a
Chinese
English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address.
学英语的中国人得费
点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。
By the same token
,同样,
"Have you eaten?
"(which is
another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are
so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly.
英语母语者听到
"
你吃了吗
?
"(
中国人常用的另外一
个问候语
)
,会觉得中国人非常好客,会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。
Meanwhile
,
the Chinese would
be shocked to hear
,
"Oh
,
it's very nice of you
.
When?
"
,
if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese
cooking and has not had his dinner yet.
如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食,又碰巧没有吃饭,他会回
答
"
太好了,什么时候
?
"
,中国人为此也会大吃一惊。
"We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner
.
Why can't we
say pig
,
bull or sheep for dinner instead of
pork
,
beef or mutton?
" Chinese English learners may raise such questions
.中国的英语学习者可能会这样问:
"
我们可以说吃鸡,为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊,而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢
?
"Figuring out the reasons
for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners
.对学习英语的中国人来说,为
这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。
But
the
problem
is
that
memorizing
English
words
mechanically
would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history
.问题在于如果不
懂英国历史,死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。
Thus
learning
English(and
other
languages
as
well)involves
learning the history of the countries where it is spoken
.
所以说,
学英语
(
其他语言亦如此
)
还包括学习使用该语
言国家的历史知识。
A task of this kind
is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak
2
a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and
China had little contact with the Western world in modern history
.学习英语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英
语国家的西方人要困难得多,因为汉字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之处,并且中国和西方世界在近代史
上很少接触。
Consequently
,所以,
the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested
and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few
.在中国,英语背景知识既
吸引了大量英语爱好者,也使许多人丧失信心。
The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English
.英语学习中,东西方的价
值观念是相互冲突的。
Native
English
speakers
may
complain
about
Chinese
confusion
when
using
"he"
and
"she"
,
for the two words sound the same
,
though
,
different in written forms in Chinese
.英语母语的人会混淆
汉语中
"
他
""
她
"
的用法,因为这两个字尽管字形不同,读音却相同,他们因此常常抱怨。
As a result
,
some
native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes
.结果有
些英语母语的人得出结论,认为中国人不区分两种性别。
But
native
English
speakers
are
more
gender
blind
than the Chinese when they mention their cousins
.但是在涉及表亲的时候,英语母语的人更是混淆性别。
The
confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values
,
to a certain extent
,东西方价值观的冲突
造成的语言上的混淆,
affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he
/
she reads and hears
.在
一定程度上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读或所听到的内容的理解。
Only by developing an understanding
and tolerance
(忍受)
of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating
with native English speakers
.
学习英语的中国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的理解和宽容,
才能达到与英
语母语者交流的目标。
A
Chinese
English
learner
could
not
have
a
good
command
of
Eng1ish
unless
he
overcomes
the
cultural
barriers(not all
,
of course!
)in learning English
.学习英语的中国人,只有在学习英语的过程中克服文化障碍
才能很好地掌握英语。
(
当然不可能是克服全部文化障碍
!
)Many
Chinese
translate
what
they
think
about
in
Chinese into English when they talk or write
.很多中国人说话或写作的时候,将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成
英语,
This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech
,
the amount of information conveyed
,
and
,
above all
,
the quality of communication
.这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、传达的信息量,最重要的是,
影响交流的质量。
The above is
,
not wholly
,
how difficult English is
.
尽管不完全,
以上就是学习英语的困难。
Some native speakers
might have said
,
"Y
ou foreigners don't use good English!
" at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is
saying
.英语母语者被外国人误解的时候可能会说:
"
你们外国人不懂地道的英语
!
""Why
should
l?
"1
would
protest
,
我要反驳:
"
我们为什么要懂
?
"though
.
Still
,
I have to keep asking myself
:
Is it possible for a foreigner
to command English?
我还要问:
一个外国人可能精通英语吗
?
IV
Any
living language is in a
constant state of change
.任何
一种活生生的语言都是处于不停的变化之中的。
That change is gradual
(
逐渐的)
and continuous(
连续的
)
.
该变化是逐渐并且连续不断的。
At any particular
moment
,
it is almost hard to notice like most of the changes that affect your own body
.就像影响你身体的大部
分变化一样,这种变化在某一特定时刻是很难察觉的。
Y
ou don't notice them,
身体的这些变化不容易觉察,
but you're lucky if it feels as good and serves you as well as ten years ago
.
但是如果你的身体如十年前一样好的
话,
你是非常幸运的。
In that period of time it has changed
.
但是在这十年间,
你的身体已经发生了变化。
It is
the same with Language .
语言的变化也是这样的。
The most
common and the most noticeable
可觉察的
kind of change is what happens to vocabulary
.语言的变
化中,最常见、最容易察觉的是词汇的变化。
New words appear
;
old words take on
new meanings .
新词出
现,
老词增加新义。
Even the native speaker might feel surprised.
即使是母语者对这些变化也会感到吃惊的。
Mouse began to mean a small
,
hand-held device which can be used to give instructions to a
computer to which it
3
is connected by a short cable(
电缆
)
.
Mouse
一词开始表示一种小型的手动装置,这种装置通过一根短短的导
线连到计算机上,可以向计算机发指令。
To describe a person as green is a way of saying that he is naive(
缺少
经验的
) or inexperienced
.
Green
可以用来描述一个人缺少经验。
Now the word indicates a whole philosophy of
life
or
a
political
opinion
,目前这个词表示一整套生活哲学和政治观点。
and
we
have
greenism
(
绿色主
义
)which
is
supported
by
greenists
.我们现在有绿色主义这种提法,绿色主义者支持这种提法。
In
their
shopping they will look for products which carry green
-
labeling(
绿色标志
)which indicates that they have been
made in a way which is not harmful to the environment .
购物时,他们寻找带有绿色标志的产品。
绿色标志代
表该产品的生产过程对环境是无害的。
Such
products
are
eco-friendly(
有利于生态环境的
)and
they
are
preferred by those who are eco-
conscious.
这种商品是无害于生态环境的,有生态意识的人偏爱这种产品。
Text B
Learning a Language
学
语
言
Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily.
大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地
学好一门语言,
Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this
.大部分语言学家和语言教师
也想弄清楚这个问题。
Linguists are working on this problem in two ways
.
语言学家从两个方面研究这个问题。
First
,
they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language.
一方面,他
们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母语、理解母语的。
They are also trying to learn how people learn a second
language
.另一方面致力于研究人是如何学习第二语言的。
Linguists
are
not
sure
how
children
learn
to
speak
.语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话的。
Some
linguists
think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage
.一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有学习和
使用语言的能力。
This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language.
这并不是指
一个人的母语是与生俱来的;
It means that
,
along with many other things
,
they are born with the ability to learn
their native language.
而是指一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力,
这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的能力是
相同的。
With just a little exposure to the language
,
孩子只要与要学习的语言有一定接触,
and a little help from
their parents
,
they are able to learn to speak
.在父母的些许帮助下就
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