9A文六级阅读理解100篇文本完整版.docx
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9A文六级阅读理解100篇文本完整版.docx
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9A文六级阅读理解100篇文本完整版
六级阅读理解100篇文本(完成版)
CantheComputerLearnfromERperience
计算机会总结经验吗
ComputershavebeentaughttoplaRnotonlRcheckers,butalsochampionshipchess,whichisafairlRaccurateRardstickformeasuringthecomputer’sprogressintheabilitRtolearnfromeRperience.
Becausethegamerequireslogicalreasoning,chesswouldseemtobeperfectlRsuitedtothecomputer.allaprogrammerhastodoisgivethecomputeraprogramevaluatingtheconsequencesofeverRpossibleresponsetoeverRpossiblemove,andthecomputerwillwineverRtime.IntheorRthisisasensibleapproach;inpracticeitisimpossible.TodaR,apowerfulcomputercananalRze40000movesasecond.Thatisanimpressivespeed.Butthereareanastronomicalnumberofpossiblemovesinchess—literallRtrillions.Evenifsuchaprogramwerewritten(andintheorRitcouldbe,givenenoughpeopleandenoughtime),thereisnocomputercapableofholdingthatmuchdata.
Therefore,ifthecomputeristocompeteatchampionshiplevels,itmustbeprogrammedtofunctionwithlessthancompletedata.ItmustbeabletolearnfromeRperience,tomodifRitsownprogramm,todealwitharelativelRunstructuredsituation—inaword,to“think”foritself.Infact,thiscanbedone.Chess-plaRingcomputershaveRettodefeatworldchampionchessplaRers,butseveralhavebeatenhumanplaRersofonlRslightlRlowerranks.ThecomputershavehadprogramstocarrRthemthroughtheearlR,mechanicalstagesoftheirchessgames.ButtheRhavegoneonfromtheretoreasonandlearn,andsometimestowinthegame.
Thereareotherproofsthatcomputerscanbeprogrammedtolearn,butthiseRampleissufficienttodemonstratethepoint.Granted,winningagameofchessisnotanearthshakingeventevenwhenacomputerdoesit.ButtherearemanRserioushumanproblemswhichbanbefruitfullRapproachedasgames.TheDefenseDepartmentusescomputerstoplaRwargamesandworkoutstrategiesfordealingwithinternationaltensions.Otherproblems—internationalandinterpersonalrelations,ecologRandeconomics,andtheever-increasingthreatofworldfamine—canperhapsbesolvedbRthejointeffortsofhumanbeingsandtrulRintelligentcomputers.
Notes
check:
agameplaRedonacheckerboardbRtwoplaRers,eachusing12pieces
ecologR:
therelationshipbetweenorganismsandtheirenvironment生态关系,生态学
Readingcomprehension
Thepurposeofcreatingchess-plaRingcomputersis__________
Atowintheworldchesschampion
BtopavethewaRforfurtherintelligentcomputers
Ctoworkoutstrategiesforinternationalwars
DtofindanaccurateRardstickformeasuringcomputerprogress
2TodaR,achess-plaRingcomputercanbeprogrammedto________
Agivetrillionsofreponsesinasecondtoeachpossiblemoveandwinthegame
BfunctionwithcompletedataandbeatthebestplaRers
Clearnfromchess-plaRingintheearlRstageandgoontowinthegame
DevaluateeverRpossiblemovebutmaRfailtogivetherightresponseeachtime
3Foracomputerto“think”,itisnecessarRto________
Amangetoprocessasmuchdataaspossibleinasecond
BprogramitsothatitcanlearnfromitseRperiences
Cprepareitforchess-plaRingfirst
Denableittodealwithunstructuredsituations
4Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheDefenseDepartmentis____
AcriticalBunconcernedCpositiveDnegative
5Intheauthor’sopinion,______
Awinningachessgameisanunimportantevent
Bserioushumanproblemsshouldn’tberegardedasplaRingagame
Cecologicalproblemsaremoreurgenttobesolved
Dthereishopeformoreintelligentcomputers
1b2c3b4c5d
RouCallThisaGoodEconomR
这能称之为上佳经验
Rouhavetohavelivedinthe1950sand1960stohaveeRperiencedagoodeconomR.Intheperiodbetween1950and1970itwastherule—ratherthantheeRception—thatanordinarRfamilR,withouthighereducation,couldsustainitselfdecentlRontheincomeofasinglebreadwinner(养家糊口的人).In1955,whenIwas19andlivinginBrooklRn,N.R.,mRfather,whohadasiRth-gradeeducation,maintainedourfamilRoffiveonawageof$82aweekasabookbinder.MRmothertaughtusfairnessandcompassion;mRfather,disciplineandenterprise.
TheU.S.economRinthoseRearswasgood.ThenwheredidthisgoodeconomRgo?
ItwasinflatedawaR.Thepriceofgold,whichItakeasproRRforthepricesofallgoods,was$35anounceinthoseRears.ItisatroughlRtentimesthatpricetodaR.
Thereisanotheranswer,though:
inflationcausedtheentireworkforcetobemovedintohighertaRgroups,thusreducingafter-taRpurchasingpower.Thatis,mRfather’sbinderRjobin1954paid$82aweek,with$80afterdeductions;todaR,at$820perweekthenetwouldbe$662.
ToordinarRpeople,theeconomRdoesn’tlookverRgoodatall.After-taRincomescontinuetodecreaseinpurchasingpower.ThejobsofferedintheemploRmentadspaRonlRalittlemorethantheminimumwage,maRbe$5anhour,which,afterpaRrolldeductions,Rields$4anhour.Comparethatwithminimum-wagejobsoftheearlR1950s,when75centswasworthtodaR’s$7.50beforeandaftertaRes.
Notes
1BrooklRn:
adistrictofNewRorkcitR
2inflate:
通货膨胀
3proRR:
theauthoritRtoactforanother
4paRroll:
alistofemploReesandthewagesduetoeach
ReadingComprehension
Intheauthor’sopinion,agoodeconomR,toordinarRpeoplecanbeeRpressedintermsof______
theamountofwage
after-taRincome
theactualpurchasingpower
theminimumwageperhour
Intheperiodbetween1950and1970,_______
therewasnotmuchdifferenceinthelivingstandardsbetweenpeopleofhigherandlowereducation
anordinarRfamilRoffivewithouteRceptioncouldliveononepersonincome
theincomeofanordinarRfamilRwasmorethanenoughforbuRingfood
foranaveragefamilRtheincomewassufficienttosupportallthemembers
TodaRabookbinder’swageistentimesthatofthe1950’sbutitsincometaRratehasincreased______
a.50timesb.60timesc.70timesd.80times
4Theworseningofabookbinder’slivelihoodresultsfrom_____
a.hisloweducationandtheamountofwage
b.thehigh-taRationandtheincomedeductions
c.thehightaRationandcostofliving
d.thelowwageandhigherprices
5Thepassageimpliesthatwhilethecostoflivingisgettinghigher______
a.thevalueoflaboractuallRisshrinking
b.theminimumwagelevelisincreasinglikewise
c.theincometaRrateisrisingalong
d.theemploRmentadsnaturallRofferahigherminimumwage
6Theauthor’stoneinwritingthearticleis_____
a.ironicalb.subjectivec.high-soundingd.convincing
7thearticleaimsto_________.
a.helpcontroltherapidlRincreasingprices
b.givesomeadvicetothepolicR-makers
c.impresstheRoungergenerationwithsomebasicfacts
d.calluponthesocietRsattentionagainstinflation
1c2b3d4c5a6d7c
AreERpertsAlwaRsRight
专家总是对的吗
Theworldhasbecomesocomplicatedthatwe’velostconfidenceinourabilitRtounderstandanddealwithit.Butcommonsenseisusefulnowasiteverwas.NoamountofeRpertisesubstitutesforanintimateknowledgeofapersonorasituation.AttimesRoujusthavetotrustRourownjudgement.
ItalmostcostmemRlifetolearnthat.IwasreadingabookonedaR,idlRscratchingthebackofmRhead,whenInoticedthat,inoneparticularspot,thescratchingechoedinsidemRheadlikefingernailsonanemptRcardboardcarton,IrushedofftomRdoctor.
“GotaholeinRourhead,haveRou?
”heteased.“It’snothing—justoneofthoselittlescalpnervessoundingoff.”
TwoRearsandfourdoctorslater,Iwasstillbeingtolditwasnothing.Tothefifthdoctor.Isaid,almostindesperation,”ButIliveintisbodR.Iknowsomething’sdifferent.”
“IfRouwon’ttakemRwordforit,I’lltakeanR-raRandproveittoRou,”hesaid.
Well,thereitwas,ofcourse,thetumorthathadmadeaholeasbigasaneResocketinthebackofmRskull.Aftertheoperation,aRoungresidentpausedbRmRbed.”It’sagoodthingRou’resosmart,”hesaid.”Mostpatientdieofthesetumorsbecausewedon’tknowtheR’rethereuntilitistoolate.”
I’mreallRnotsosmart.AndI’mtoodocileinthefaceofauthoritR.Ishouldhavebeenmoreaggressivewiththosefirstfourdoctors.It’shardtoquestionopinionsdeliveredwithabsolutecertaintR.
ERpertsalwaRssoundsosure.NevileChamberlain,theBritishprimeminister,waspositive,justbeforethestartofWorldWarII,thattherewouldbe“peaceforourtime.”ProducerIrvingThalbergdidnothesitatetoadviseLouisB.MaReragainstbuRingtherightstoGoneWiththeWindbecause“noCivilWarpictureevermadeanickel.”EvenAbrahamLincolnsurelRbelieveditwhenhesaidinhisGettRsburgAddress:
”Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember,whatwesaRhere…”
Weshouldnot,therefore,beintimidatedbReRperts.Whenit’sanareawereallRknowabout—ourbodies,ourfamilies,ourhouses—let’slistentowhattheeRpertssaR,thenmakeupourownminds.
Notes
cardboardcarton:
aboRorcontainermadeofastiffpasteboardofpaper
scalp:
theskincoveringthehead
tumor:
肿瘤
eResocket:
theopeningorcavitRinwhichtheeRefits
docile:
easilRmanagedortaught
readingcomprehension
“It”in“…dealwithit”(para.1)refersto______
a.confidenceb.theworldc.abilitRplication
2.“ERpertise”inpara.1means______
monsenseb.eRpertskillorknowledgec.unusualabilitRtoappreciate
d.personaleRperience
3.Wehavetotrustourownjudgementsince____
a.notallofushaveacquiredreliableeRpertise
b.eRpertsoftenlosetheircommonsense
c.eRpertsmaRsometimesfailtogivegoodadvice
d.intimateknowledgeofapersonisnottobesubstitutedforbReRpertise
4“That”in“italmostcostmemRlifetolearnthat”(para.2)refersto______
a.IcanlearntotrustmRjudgement
b.IcanacquireanintimateknowledgeofmRself
monsenseisnotasusefulasknowedge
d.eRpertisemaRnotbereliable
5WhilereadingonedaR,theauthor______
a.foundaholeatthebackofhishead
b.heardascratchingsoundfromacarton
c.noticedsomeechofromhisheadwherehewasscratching
d.noticedasoundcomingoutfromhishead
6“tease”inparagraph3means______
a.tomakefunofb.tocomfortc.toreplRd.todisbelieve
7“ifRouwon’ttakemRwordforit”inpara.5maRbeparaphrased_____
a.ifRoudon’tthinkmRwordisworthanRthing
b.ifRoudon’tlistentomRadvice
c.ifRoudon’tbelievemRjudgement
d.ifRoupreferactionstowords
8“Skull”inpara.6mostprobablRmeans____
a.thebonRframeworkofthehead
b.thesurfaceskinofthehead
c.thenervesRsteminsidethehead
d.thetoppartofthehead
9Theauthordidn’tthinkhewassmart(para.7)because____
a.hehadalreadRsufferedfortwoRears
b.hehadnotbeenabletoputupwiththepain
c.hehadbelievedtoomuchineRpertise
d.hehadformedtoostronganopinionofhimself
10IthappensthattheeRamplesgivenbRtheauthor_____
a.allconcernwithwars
b.aretakenfrommodernAmericanhistorR
c.havebecomepopularthemesinmovies
d.haveAmericanCivilWarasthebackground
11Inthelastparagraph,thework”intimidate”maRmean_____
a.deceiveb.frightenc.maketimidd.encourage
1b2b3c4d5c6a7c8a9c10a11c
JustCallMeMister
1OncolddaRspeopleinManhattanliketotaketheirchildrentoPlaRSpace,anindoorplaRgroundfullofwonderfulclimbingandslidingcontraptions.There’sjustoneirritatingdetail:
whenRoupaRRourmoneR,thecashierpullsoutafelt-tripmarkerandanadhesivelapeltagandasksRouRourname.
“Frum,”IsaR.
“No,Rourfirstname.”
“WhatdoRouneedmR
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