专项训练高中英语概要写作技能训练含答案.docx
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专项训练高中英语概要写作技能训练含答案.docx
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专项训练高中英语概要写作技能训练含答案
第一节归纳主旨大意
将350词以内的文本浓缩成60词左右的概要,需要一个过程。
它大致是从文本整体的理解到各部分的概括再到整体的合成。
首先,我们需要整体阅读文本,归纳主旨大意。
【有缘初识】
请阅读下面的短文以及某同学所写的概要,回答导学问题。
导学问题
1•该短文的主题是.
A.shoppingB.advertisingC.undercoverD.marketing
2.在A同学的概要中,与该主题不吻合的句子是.
Youareinadepartmentstoreandyouseeacoupleofattractiveyoungwomenlookingatthesweater.Youlistentotheconversation.
“Ican'tbelieve--aLorenzoBertolla!
Theyarealmostimpossibletofind.Isnbeautiful?
Andit'salotcheaperthantheoneSaraboughtinRome.”
Theyleaveandyougoovertoseethisincrediblesweater.It'sniceandthepriceisright.You'veneverheardofLorenzoBertolla,butthosegirlslookedreallystylish.Theymustknow.Soyoubuyit.Youneverrealizethatthoseyoungwomenareemployeesofanadvertisingagency.TheyareactuallypaidtogofromstoretostoretalkingloudlyaboutLorenzoBertollaclothes.
Everydaywenoticewhatpeoplearewearing,drivingandeating.Ifthepersonlookscool,theproductseemscool,too.Thisisthesecretofundercove暗中影响的)marketing.
Undercovermarketingisimportantbecauseitreachespeoplethatdon'ptayattentiontotraditionaladvertising.ThisisparticularlytrueoftheMTVgeneration--consumersbetweentheageof18and34.Itisagoldengroup.Theyhavealotofmoneytospend,buttheydon'ttrustads.
Soadvertisingagencieshireyoungactors"perform"inbarsandotherplaceswhereyoungadultsgo.SomepeoplemightcallthisPracticedeceptive,butmarketingexecutiveJonathanResslercallsitcreative."Lookatthetraditionaladvertising.Itseffectivenessisdecreasing.”However,onemightaskwhat
exactlyaboutifyoungwomenpretendtobeenthusiasticaboutasweater?
Advertisingexecutiveswouldsayit'snolessrealthananad.Thedifferenceisthatyouknowanadistryingtopersuadeyoutobuysomething.Whileyoudon'tknowwhenaconversationyouoverhearisjustaperformance.
某同学写的概要:
①SomeattractivewomensayaLorenzoBertollaisbeautifulbutcheap,and
youbuyit.②Actuallythesestylishpeopleareemployedbyadvertisingagenciesto
③A'lthtotrugsht,aidns.
doundercovermarketing,whichaimsatpeoplewhodon
someadvertisingexecutiveso'inion,itiscreativeandeffective,undercovermarketingisblamedfortheperformaneewhichyouareunawareof.
名师点拨
1.议论和说明性文体通常围绕某个主题(topic/subject)展开。
2.概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的
主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。
这一过程被称为归纳主旨大
意、。
3.归纳主旨大意,是为了整体上把握语篇要义,有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。
【名师导学】
1.阅读A、B、C三个段落,回答导学问题
导学问题
1.请用下划线在各段标出含有本段主旨大意的句子。
2.请分析这三个句子与所在段落中其他句子间的关系,并举例说明
Manythingsmaymakeyouangry.Youmaygetangrywhensomethingdoesngoyourway.Maybeyougetmadatyourselfwhenyoudon'utnderstandyourhomeworkorwhenyourteamlosesanimportantgame.Maybeyourteachergaveyoutoomuchhomework.Ormaybeafriendborrowedyourfavoritevideogameandthenbrokeit.Thatmadeyouangry!
B
Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows"everything"mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.
C
WhatisStandardEnglish?
IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?
Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasStandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisStandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.
名师点拔
1.议论和说明性文体时常含有概括全段主要内容的句子,即段落主旨句(top
sentence)
2.段落主旨句作为段落的核心句子,受到段落中其他句子的支撑,即其他句子
为段落主旨句提供支持性细节。
3.受英语开门见山、直切主题的表达特点的影响,段落主旨句多在段首。
少数
主旨句可能出现在段中或段尾。
二、请阅读下面这个段落以及三位同学给出的段落主旨句,回答导学问题
导学问题
3•哪位同学给出的段落主旨句比较合理?
为什么?
SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?
Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhen
culturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetween
aboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbasedmoreon
GermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengradualbetweenaboutAD800and1150EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlater
French.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishIanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Soby
the1600s,Shakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.
In1620
someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcentury,someBritishpeop
leweretakentoAustralia,too.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.
三位同学给出的段落主旨句:
同学1:
WhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?
同
学2:
Alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.
同学
3:
Englishchangesasitsculturemeetsandcommunicateswiththatofanother.
名师点拨
1.不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句,有的段落主旨句需要你根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。
2.归纳主旨大意时,既要回答这段落关于什么?
(Whatistheparagraph
about?
)”以抓住段落的主题(topic/.subject),又要回答作者就该主题写
了什么?
(Whatissaidaboutthesubject?
)”以提炼出有关该主题的主要内
容或作者就该主题。
提出的观点和主张。
三、阅读以下短文,回答导学问题。
导学问题
4.第一段的主旨向是第一句还是最后一句?
请说明理由。
5.以下哪句比较好地归纳了该短文的主旨大意?
请说明理由。
A.Althoughpreventionisbelievedtobebeneficial,moreattentionisgiventoheartsurgeries
thanpreventionprograms.
B.Althoughheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeoplewhoaresuffering
fromheartdisease,ithassomedisadvantages.
OneofthegreatestkillersintheWesternworldisheartdisease.Thedeathratefromthediseasehasbeenincreasingatanalarmingspeedforthepastthirtyyears.TodayinBritain,forexample,aboutfourhundredpeopleadaydieofheartdisease.
Medicalexpertsknowthatpeoplecanreducetheirchancesofgettingheartdiseasebyexercisingregularly,bynotsmoking,bychangingtheirdietsandbypayingmoreattentiontoreducingstressintheirwork.
However,Westernhealth-caresystemsarestillnotpayingenoughattentiontothepreventionofthedisease.Thereisaneedformoreprogramstoeducatethepublicaboutthecausesandpreventionofheartdisease.Insteadofsupportingsuchprograms,however,theU.S.healthcaresystemisspendinglargesumsofmoneyonthesurgical(外科的))treatmentofthediseaseafteritdevelops.Thisemphasisontreatmentclearlyhassomethingtodowiththetechnologicaladvancesthathavetakenplaceinthepasttentofifteenyears.Inthistime,moderntechnologyhasenableddoctorstodevelopnewsurgicaltechniques.ManyoperationsthatwereconsideredimpossibleortooriskyafewyearsagoarenowperformedeverydayinU.S.hospitals.Theresulthadbeenahugeincreaseinheartsurgery.
Althoughthereisnodoubtthatheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeople,somepeoplepointoutthattheemphasisonthesurgicaltreatmentofthediseasehasthreecleardisadvantages.First,itattractsinterestandmoneyawayfromthequestionofprevention.Second,itcausesthecostsofgeneralhospitalcaretorise.Afterhospitalsbuytheexpensiveequipmentthatisnecessaryformodernheartsurgery,theymusttrytorecoverthemoneytheyhavespent.Todothis,theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,notjustthosepatientswhosetreatmentrequirestheequipment.Thethirddisadvantageisthatdoctorsareencouragedtoperformsurgery--evenonpatientsforwhomanoperationisunnecessary--becausetheequipmentandexpertskillsarethere.Agovernmentofficerecentlystatedthatmajorheartsurgerywasoftenperformedeventhoughitschancesofsuccesswerelow.Inonetypeofheartsurgery,forexample,only15percentofpatientsimprovedtheirconditionsafterthesurgery.However,morethan100,000oftheseoperationsareperformedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.
名师点拨
1.确定段落主旨句时,还应该兼顾语篇大背景,即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨,将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。
2.概括段落大意时,要在理清句与句之间关系的基础上抓住贯穿全段的中
心意思。
3.有时候,段落第一句(和前几句)只是起到导入话题或过渡衔接的作用,而不是作为段落主旨句起到统领的作用。
4.归纳全文主旨大意时,需要理清段与段之间的关系,尤其关注段落之间的连接词和过渡句,以便更好地抓住贯穿全文的中心意思。
5.有时候,第一段(或前几段)只是起到导入话题的作用,和全文主旨没有直接关系。
【先试为快】
请阅读下面短文,并运用本节有关主旨大意归纳的微技能,完成文后学习任务。
Youareinadepartmentstoreandyouseeacoupleofattractiveyoungwomenlookingatthesweater.Youlistentotheconversation.
“Ican'tbelieve-i-taLorenzoBertolla!
Theyarealmostimpossibletofind.Isnbeautiful?
Andit'salotcheaperthantheoneSaraboughtinRome.
Theyleaveandyougoovertoseethisincrediblesweater.It'sniceandthepriceisright.You'veneverheardofLorenzoBertolla,butthosegirlslookedreallystylish.Theymustknow.Soyoubuyit.Youneverrealizethatthoseyoungwomenareemployeesofanadvertisingagency.TheyareactuallypaidtogofromstoretostoretalkingloudlyaboutLorenzoBertollaclothes.
Everydaywenoticewhatpeoplearewearing,drivingandeating.Ifthepersonlookscool,theproductseemscool,too.Thisisthesecretofundercove暗中影响的)marketing.
Undercovermarketingisimportantbecauseitreachespeoplethatdon'tpayattentiontotraditionaladvertising.ThisisparticularlytrueoftheMTVgeneration--consumersbetweentheageof18and34.Itisagoldengroup.Theyhavealotofmoneytospend,buttheydon'ttrustads.
Soadvertisingagencieshireyoungactors"perform"inbarsandotherplaceswhereyoungadultsgo.SomepeoplemightcallthisPracticedeceptive,butmarketingexecutiveJonathanResslercallsitcreative."Lookatthetraditionaladvertising.Itseffectivenessisdecreasing.”However,onemightaskwhat"real"isexactlyaboutifyoungwomenpretendtobeenthusiasticaboutasweater?
Advertisingexecutiveswouldsayit'snolessrealthananad.Thedifferenceisthatyouknowanadistryingtopersuadeyoutobuysomething.Whileyoudon'tknowwh
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