浙江高三英语80分强化限时训练八.docx
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浙江高三英语80分强化限时训练八.docx
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浙江高三英语80分强化限时训练八
80分强化限时训练(八)
(限时60分钟)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10个小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
【社会文化类】
Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefourthattempt.Youmightthinkthatmeans
I’mnotassafeassomeonewhopassedthefirsttime.Butwouldyoufeelsaferwithnodriveratall?
Maybenot,andit’sforthisreasonthatautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriver-assistfunctionsintheirprototype(原型)driverlesscars.Thisallowsthehumandrivertotakeoverifthereisaproblem.
Googleisonemanufacturerthathasprototypedriverlesscars.Thesehavebeenequippedwithsteeringwheelsandconventionalcontrolstoallownormaldriving.Butthisisjustastage—thevisionistohavefullyautomatedcarsverysoon.ThedirectorofGoogle’sself-driveproject,ChrisUrmson,hopeshis11-year-oldsonwillneverhavetotakeadrivingtest.Toachievethat,thecarsneedtobeontheroadsinfiveyears.Hesaysdriverlesscarswillreduceaccidentsandtrafficjams.
AccordingtoChris,“1.2millionpeoplearekilledontheroadsaroundtheworldeachyear.Thatnumberisequivalenttoajetfallingoutoftheskyeveryday.”
Hethinksgradualchangestoexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththeproblem.“Ifwearereallygoingtomakechangestoourcitiesandgetridofparkinglots,weneedself-drivecars,”hesays.
Google’sprototypeshavecoveredoveramillionkilometresontheroad.Theyhavealsohadtodealwithunexpectedsituations,suchasachilddrivingatoycarintheroad,andawomaninanelectricwheelchairchasingaduck.Ineachcase,theyreactedsafely.
Somearenotconvinced.SvenBeikerofStanfordUniversitythinksdriverlesscarswillstillneedhumaninputinextremecircumstances.Healsoworriesthatpeoplemayforgethowtooperatetheirvehiclesiftheydonotdoitregularly.IguessIshouldn’tthrowawaymydriver’slicencejustyet.
1.Whatcanbeknownaboutdriverlesscars?
A.Theyarefittedwithnewly-developedsteeringwheels.
B.Theyincludefunctionsmanagedbyhumandrivers.
C.Theyneedtraditionalcontrolstoavoidtrafficjams.
D.Theywillbepurchasedonthemarketinfiveyears.
2.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatChrissaid?
A.Chrisbelievesthatthereisapossibilityofajetcrashingperday.
B.About1.2millionpeoplearekilledaroundtheworldeachyear.
C.Changingcurrentcardesignsalonecannotpreventalltrafficdeaths.
D.Driverlesscarscannotdealwithextremecircumstanceswithouthumanhelp.
3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Whyweneeddriverlesscarsinthenearfuture.
B.Howtocontroladriverlesscarwithoutadriver’slicence.
C.Differencesbetweendriverlesscarsandconventionalones.
D.Abriefintroductionofdriverlesscarsandsomeopinionsonthem.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲的是无人驾驶汽车的利与弊及一些人对它的看法。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“automotivefirmshaveincludeddriver-assistfunctionsintheirprototype(原型)driverlesscars”可知,在无人驾驶汽车内有司机协助功能,司机可以协助操作,故B项正确。
2.C 推理判断题。
由第四段中的“Hethinksgradualchangestoexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththeproblem”可知,Chris认为对现存的汽车设计的逐渐改变不足以解决这个问题。
“problem”指代“1.2millionpeoplearekilledontheroadsaroundtheworldeachyear”,故选C。
3.D 主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,本文围绕“无人驾驶汽车”展开,介绍了无人驾驶汽车的利与弊及人们对它的看法。
故选D。
B
(2018·浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附属中学高三下学期期中)
Inthefirstdaysofthenewyear,aphotofromRio’straditionalfireworksshowonCopacabanaBeachhasspreadlikewildfireonBraziliansocialnetworks—ashotofalittleboy,alone,wadingintothewater,separatedfromthejoyfulcrowdcelebratingandtakingpicturesbehindhim.Armscrossed,hestaresupwide-eyedandopen-mouthedatthefireworksinthesky.
Despitetheabsenceofanyinformationaboutthechildotherthanhisage9,theimageLucasLandaushotforReutersnewsagencyhassparkedtensofthousandsofsharesandcommentsonsocialmedia,newspaperarticles,blogpostsandanationaldebateaboutrace,classandinequality.Tosome,it’sjustaphotoofayoungblackboyattractedbythespectacularNewYear’sEvefireworks.Peopleneedtostopthinkingthatallblackboys,withoutshirtson,areabandoned,sad,aloneandunhappy.Toothers,theimageisemblematicofBrazil’ssevereinequality.
AbouthalfofBrazil’spopulationof200millionidentifyasmixed-race/
black,secondonlytoNigeria.Butblackandmixed-racedBraziliansareminorinacademia,politicsandleadershiproles.Lessthan10percentofBrazil’sCongressisblack,andjust18percentofleadershiprolesareheldbyAfro-Brazilians.
ForLuizAugustoCampos,asociologistatRioStateUniversity,thewide-ranginginterpretationsofthephoto,aswellastheexplosivedebateitgenerated,representsachangingtideforAfro-Brazilians.“Thefactthatit’sbecomesoproblematicisareflectionofacomplextransitionintermsofraceinBrazil,”hesaid,addingthat20or30yearsago,thephotowouldhavestirredfewornoconcernsaboutwhetheritstrengthenednegativestereotypes(刻板印象).
“ThesechangesarestillrelativelysmallinBrazil,buttheyhavethelong-termobjectiveofdissociatingtheideasofblacknessandpoverty,”Campossaid.
4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Theboy’sageismentionedinthenews.
B.Thedebatetheimagecausesworsensthesevereinequality.
C.Afro-Braziliansaremistreatedbecausetheyareintheminority.
D.Theboyinthephotohasbeenabandonedandneedsurgenthelp.
5.Whichwordcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“emblematic”?
A.Problematic.B.Representative.C.Objective.D.Significant.
6.Whatproblemdoesthephotoreflectaccordingtothispassage?
A.TheracialinequalityinBrazil.
B.ThesocialstatusoftheAfro-Brazilians.
C.TheAfro-Brazilians’fightingforrights.
D.ThestereotypetoassociateorlinkblacknesswithpovertyinBrazil.
语篇解读:
本文主要通过一张照片来反映在巴西,人们有将肤色和贫穷联系在一起的刻板
印象。
答案及剖析:
4.A 推理判断题。
根据文章第二段第一句theabsenceofanyinformationaboutthechildotherthanhisage9可知,除了他9岁以外,没有任何关于这个孩子的信息。
A项意为“新闻中提到了这个男孩的年龄”,符合题意。
5.B 词义猜测题。
根据文章第二段Tosome,it’sjustaphotoofayoungblackboyattractedbythespectacularNewYear’sEvefireworks.Peopleneedtostopthinkingthatallblackboys,withoutshirtson,areabandoned,sad,aloneandunhappy.Toothers,theimageisemblematicofBrazil’ssevereinequality可知,对一些人来说,这只是一张照片,但对另一些人来说,从这张照片中看到了社会的不平等现象,所以这张照片代表了巴西的不平等。
representative意为“有代表性的”,符合文意。
problematic意为“有问题的”,objective意为“客观的”,significant意为“有意义的”,均不符合文意。
6.D 推理判断题。
根据文章第四段最后一句“Thefactthatit’sbecomesoproblematicisareflectionofacomplextransitionintermsofraceinBrazil,”hesaid,addingthat20or30yearsago,thephotowouldhavestirredfewornoconcernsaboutwhetheritstrengthenednegativestereotypes.和最后一段中buttheyhavethelong-termobjectiveofdissociatingtheideasofblacknessandpoverty可知,这件事反映了巴西人在种族方面的复杂转变,在二三十年前,这张照片几乎没有引起多少人的担忧,也没有人担心它是否强化了负面的刻板印象,而现在人们有一个长期的目标,那就是把黑肤色和贫穷的观念分离开。
D项意为“在巴西,将肤色和贫穷联系在一起的刻板印象”,故D项符合。
C
【科普知识类】
Since2013,Torobo,aroboticarmdesignedtotestthelimitsofartificialintelligence,hashadoneambition—tobeadmittedtotheUniversityofTokyo,oneofAsia’stop-rankededucationalinstitutions.Althoughequippedwithanextensivedatabaseoftextbooksandotherteachingmaterials,Torobohasrepeatedlyfailedtoobtaintheuniversity’srequiredminimum80%scoreintheNationalCenterTest,ayearlystandardizedentranceexaminationadoptedbyJapaneseuniversities.Thisyearwasnoexception.
InearlyNovember,Torobo,alongwithmillionsofJapanesehighschoolstudents,
tookamock(模拟的)examtopreparefortheall-importantstandardizedtest.
Torobo’stotalscoreof525outof950,whichwashigherthanthenationalaverage,wasenoughforittogetadmittedtomanyotherinfluentialJapaneseuniversities.
However,itsstandardscoreof57.1%,though14pointshigherthanin2015,stillfellshortoftheminimumrequiredfortheUniversityofTokyo.
AcloseranalysisoftheresultsshowedthatTorobowasabletodrawfromitsdatabasetosolveknowledge-basedquestionsandonesinvolvingcomplexmathematicalcalculations,butithadahardtimethinkingindependently,failingtocomprehendmultiplesentencesandphrasestoarriveatthelogical(符合逻辑的)conclusions.
ThisweaknesswasreflectedinitsshabbyEnglishscores.
Fortunately,therobot’screatorshavedecidedtofreeTorobofromitsfour-yearsufferings.NorikoArai,professoroftheUniversityofTokyowhoheadstheteam,says,“Fromthepresentresults,weareabletoevaluatethepossibilitiesandlimitsofartificialintelligence.Fromnowon,wewillgrowitsabilitiesinthefieldswhereitisdoingwellandaimtoimprovethemtolevelsthatcanbeappliedinindustry.”SowhileTorobowillnevergraduatefromtheUniversityofTokyo,itcanstilllookforwardtoabrightfuture!
7.WhywasToroboprimitivelydesigned?
A.Toexplorethepotentialofartificialintelligence.
B.Toattendcollegelikeordinaryhumanstudents.
C.Tocompeteagainsthumansinlearningabilities.
D.Toanalyzetheresultsofthecollegeentranceexamination.
8.HowmanytimeshasTorobotakenpartinthecollegeentranceexamination?
A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.
9.WhatmighthaveheldTorobobackfrombeingadmittedtotheUniversityofTokyo?
A.Itsstoragespace.B.Itsarithmeticspeed.
C.Itsthinkingability.D.Itsknowledgedatabase.
10.Torobowon’ttakethenextcollegeentranceexaminationbecause .
A.ithasfailedtoaccomplishitsaim
B.itwilllookforajobratherthanstudy
C.ithassufferedseveredamage
D.itwillserveinanotherarea
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了智能机器人Torobo多次参加东京大学的入学考试,但均以失败告终。
答案及剖析:
7.A 推理判断题。
根据第一段“Since2013,Torobo,aroboticarmdesignedtotestthelimitsofartificialintelligence...”可知,Torobo最初在2013年设计出来的目的是来测试人工智能的局限性的,也就是它的潜能,所以选A项。
8.B 细节理解题。
根据第一段提到了Torobo是2013年被制造出来的,后来在第二段中提到...14pointshigherthanin2015可知,它参加了从2013-2016年的历次考试,所以总共是4次,故选B项。
9.C
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