奥运会比赛规则英文版.docx
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奥运会比赛规则英文版.docx
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奥运会比赛规则英文版
奥运比赛规则英文版
Sailboat
Whensailingmeetsonwater,itisnecessarytoimplementasetofnavigationrulesthataremuchmorecomplexthanthetrafficrulesonland.Ifathleteswanttoachievegoodresults,theymustbefamiliarwitha131pagethickcompetitionrules(RRs),a95pagethickrulecaseanalysisanda20pageormorelevelrules.Beforethecompetition,wehavetostudytwootherrules--competitionrulesandnavigationrules.Howtouserulestosuppressopponentsandmakeprofitsisanimportanttopicthatathletesandcoachesneedtostudy.Sailingcompetitionrulesmainlyincludenavigationrules,competitionimplementationrulesandprotesttrialrules.ThisruleisrevisedeveryfouryearsaftertheOlympicGames.ISAFalsoissuesruleinterpretations,includingcasesissuedannually.Allcaseswererevisedandprintedinaccordancewiththelatestrules.
Themostcommonruleofsailingonthestarboardsideistogivewaytothecomingwind;Theshipintheupwindpositionshouldavoidthedownwindship;Whenencounteringaroutebuoyorobstacle,theshipapproachingtheobjectbehindshallavoidtheshipalreadyapproachingtheobject,andtheshipontheoutsideshallavoidtheshipontheinside.Thecompetitionimplementationrulesmainlystipulatetheorganizationandmanagementnormsofthecompetition,suchasthemethodofdepartureandthemethodofsignalnotification.ProtestTrialProvisionsareasetofadjudicationmethodstosolvedisputesorfoulscausedbyathletes'encounterandcollisiononwater.
Sailingvenue
Theofficialsailingcompetitionisrequiredtobeheldontheopensea,whichshouldbe1~2kilometersawayfromthecoast.Thecompetitionsiteconsistsofthreebuoysforminganequilateraltriangle,andthelengthofeachrouteisnolessthan2~2.5nauticalmiles.Thestartingrouteandfinishinglineareconnectedbytwosigns,withawidthof100~200m,whichcanbeincreasedordecreasedaccordingtothenumberofparticipatingsailboats.Anotherwaytocalculatethelengthoftherouteistomultiplythenumberofsailingboatsparticipatinginthecompetitionbythelengthoftheboatby1.25meters.Thestartingrouteandtheterminallineshallbeparallel,andthe1stmarkandthewinddirectionlineshallbeperpendiculartoeachotheratanangleof90degrees.
Competitionorderofsailingvoyage
Thecompetitionorderofthewholevoyageisasfollows:
afterdeparture,unifythemarks1,2and3,andthencirclethemarks1and3toreachthedestination;Thecompetitionorderofshorteningthevoyageis:
aftersailing,circlethesigns1,2and3toreachthedestination.Theactualdistanceofsailingcompetitionisdividedintothreeparts:
departure,sailinganddestination.Thefullrangeis18000metersandtheshortenedrangeis10000.
eventsandsoringofyatching
Sailingeventsincludetriangularmarkcirclingandlong-distancesailing.TheOlympicGames,theworldsailingChampionshipsandtheChinasailingChampionshipsalluseshort-distancetriangularsailingaroundthemark.Thestraight-linerangeisabout28kilometers.Thereare7competitionsintotal,andthebestresultsof6ofthemareselectedtocalculatetherankingofeachsailingboat.Theresultsareevaluatedaccordingtothesumofthegoodrankingscoresofeachcompetition.Sailboatsthathavenotbeendisqualifiedorclosedoutsidethefinishline.Thescoresofeachrankingineachraceare:
0pointsforthefirstplace,3pointsforthesecondplace,5.7pointsforthethirdplace,8pointsforthefourthplace,10pointsforthefifthplace,11.7pointsforthesixthplace,thenumberofrankingtimesfortheseventhplaceandlaterplacesplus6.Ifthesailboathasreachedthefinishline,ifitisdisqualifiedorclosedoutsidethefinishlineduetoafoul,itsrankingscoreisGabe,thetotalnumberofsailboatsparticipatinginthecompetition.Thesumoftherankingscoresofeachsailingshipineachraceistheresultoftheship.Theonewithlesstotalscoreisthewinner.
Sailingracerushfoul
Oneoftherulesofsailingcompetition.Itrefersto"rushtosail"whenthehull,equipmentoranypartofthecrew'sbodytouchesthestartingrouteoritsextensionlinebeforethedeparturesignalissent.Penalty:
thegunpilotreturnstothesideofthestartingrouteandstartsagain.
Sailingracerelief
Oneoftherulesofsailingcompetition.Referstothepunishmentreceivedbytheviolatorinthegame.Ifthemarkistouchedornotcircled;Touchanothership,rotate720degreesorincreasetherankingby200/0.
Sailingrules
Afterthedeparturesignalissent,anypartoftheracingship'sbody,creworequipmenttouchestheroutewhenitleadstothefirstsubjectcourse,whichisregardedas"departure".
endacontest
Termsusedinsailingrules.Whenthehull,equipmentoranypartoftheathlete'sbodyoftheparticipatingyachtbypassesallthespecifiedmarksandtouchesthefinishlineonthespecifiedracevoyage,theyachtwillendtherace.
markofyachting
Amarkershowingthecourseofarace.Aflagorflagpolemadeofmetalorfoamplastics.Therulesstipulatethatduringtherace,thesailboatmustbypassorpassthroughanysignfromthespecifiedside.
avoidoryachting
Oneoftherulesofsailingcompetition.Therulesstipulatevarioussignalsandavoidancerulesduringthecompetitiontoavoidcollisionandaccidents.Thesailingshipsinthecompetitionmustabidebythemtogether.Oneofthemisfairsailing.Wemustwinwithsuperbtechnologyandsuperiorspeed.Wearenotallowedtowinbyimpropermeans.Thenavigationrulesalsostipulatethevoyageandthedirectionofturningaroundthemark.Allsailboatsmustturnaroundthemarkaccordingtotheregulations,otherwisetheywillbetreatedasnotcompletingtherace.Ifitcollideswiththemark,itwillbefined360degrees,andthencontinuetoparticipateinthecompetition;Ifthesailboatviolatestherulesintherace,itwillbepunishedtorotate720degreescontinuouslyinthesamedirection(i.e.rotatetwiceinthesameplace)tofreeitself,andthencontinuetoparticipateintherace.
judseboatofyaching
Facilitiesusedfororganizationandcommandinsailingcompetitions.Theinternationalflagisusedtotransmitcommands."Redflag"meansthattheracingsailingboatmustbypassthespecifiedsignsinaclockwisedirection;"Greenflag"meansthatthesailboatmustbypassthesigninacounterclockwisedirection.Whentheflagofacertainlevelisraisedonthecrossmast,itindicatesthewarningsignalofthatlevel.Thereare10minutesbeforedeparture.The"P"flagindicatesthatthereare5minutesbeforedeparture.Afterthat,every1minute,notifyeachsailboatwithaudiosignalsintheorderof4,3,2andL.Beforeopeningthestartingroute,thosewhorushthroughthestartingrouteshallberecalledandsetsailagainaccordingtothetheoryofrushtosail.Iftherearemanysailingboatsrushingtosailandtherefereeisunabletoidentifythesailingboatsrushingtosail,allsailingboatsofthislevelwillberecalledandsetsailagain.Sailboatsmustabidebythecompetitionrulesandnavigationrulesfromthestartofsignalpreparationinfiveminutes.
Precautionsforsailingcompetition
Sailingcompetitionsareheldonthesea,andtheseasituationismorecomplex.Sailingathletesarefirstrequiredtobeabletoswimandswimalongdistance.Inaddition,wemusthavegoodphysicalqualityandendurancetoadapttotheturbulenceoflong-termseastorms.Internationalsailingcompetitionsareoftenheldinstrongwindswithawindspeedof10~12meterspersecond.Itisnecessarytomaintainthecourseandacertainspeedwithoutcapsizing.Therefore,athletesneedtotrytheirbesttopressthesideandmaintainthebalanceoftheship.Atthesametime,weshouldhaveaclearmindtograspthesurroundingenvironment,waterflowrate,flowdirectionandairflowchanges;Whentherearemanyparticipatingships,youmustalsobefamiliarwiththecompetitionrulesandavoidfouls.Excellentathletesmustalsoknowhowtocheckandsortouttheequipmentonboard,especiallyadjustthesailtypetosuitthemaximumlift.
Athletics
Intrackandfieldgames,allraces(includinghurdlesandrelayrace)belongtotrackevents.Therankingofparticipantsisdeterminedbytheorderinwhichtheirtorso(differentfromhead,neck,arms,legs,handsorfeet)reachestheverticallineontheinsideofthefinishline.Ifthesametrackresultsaffecttheentryofthenextrace,theyshallberecordedifcircumstancespermit,otherwisetheyshallberecompeted.Iftheresultisthefirstinthefinal,thechiefrefereehastherighttodecidewhethertoreplay.Ifhethinksitisnotnecessarytoreplay,hewillmaintaintheresult;Asforthesecondround,thereisnoneedtorepeatit.
BeachVolleyball
BeachvolleyballcompetitionrulesthetwopersonbeachvolleyballcompetitionorganizedbytheInternationalVolleyballFederationisdifferentfromtheindoorvolleyballcompetitionrules:
(1)Ateamconsistsoftwoplayers.Twomembersofeachteammustalwaysbeonthecourtwithoutreplacement.Whentheserverhitstheball,exceptforthemembersoftheserviceteam,theplayersofbothsidesmustbeinthefieldandcanstandatwill.Thereisnofixedposition,nopositionerrororrotationerror,butthereisawrongserviceorder.Wheneachteamservesforthefirsttimeinagame,therecordershallrevealtheserviceorder.Duringthegame,theannouncershalldisplaythenumberplateoftheserverNo.1orNo.2toindicatetheserviceorderoftheteam.Iftherecorderfindsthattheserviceorderiswrong,heshallnotifytherefereeimmediatelyafterservingand
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