考研英语二真题及答案.docx
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考研英语二真题及答案.docx
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考研英语二真题及答案
2020年英语
(二)考研真题及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Beingagoodparentsisofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery_____
(1),particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan_____
(2),ayoungersibling.
_____(3),There'sanothersortofparentthatsabiteasierto_____(4)apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,_____(5)everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy_____(6).
Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina_____(7)andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.
You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan_____(8)youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe_____(9)happens:
Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo_____(10)anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould_____(11)theclockandstartover,we'veallbeenthere.
_____(12),eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue.youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay_____(13)foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwith.yourchildbutalso_____(14)yourchild'sself-esteem.
Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_____(15)withyourkids.thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe_____(16)ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen_____(17)bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.
Certainly,it'sincredibly_____(18)tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotrytothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith_____(19)situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:
Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal.youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand_____(20)fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.
1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky
2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonceDbyaccident
3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually
4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain
5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce
6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess
7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical
8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend
9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable
10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague
11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup
12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise
13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret
14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect
15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool
16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext
17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted
18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong
19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising
20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocialfor5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.
Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.
Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.
21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan________
[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.
[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.
[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.
[D]Itmovedaroundalone.
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey________
[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape
[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn
[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
[D]consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats________
[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures
[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks
[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats________
[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings
[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing
[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
Text2
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutS18.9millionayear.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.
Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.
ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.”
Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.
26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?
[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations
[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy
[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms
[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies
27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto______
[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork
[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment
[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies
[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies
28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite______
[A]continualinternalopposition
[B]strictcorporategovernance
[C]conservativebusinessstrategies
[D]Repeatedg
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