WikipediaCharging station.docx
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WikipediaCharging station.docx
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WikipediaChargingstation
Chargingstation
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_station#Battery_swapping
Thisarticleisaboutelectricalrecharging.Forpneumaticrecharging,see compressedairvehicle.
A TeslaRoadster SportbeingchargedatanelectricchargingstationinIwate,Shizuoka,Japan.
NissanLeaf rechargingfroma NRGEnergy eVgostationinHouston,Texas
Converted ToyotaPrii rechargingatpublicchargingstationsin SanFrancisco (2009)
BrammoEmpulse electricmotorcycle atan AeroVironmentchargingstation
An electricvehiclechargingstation,alsocalled EVchargingstation, electricrechargingpoint, chargingpoint and EVSE(ElectricVehicleSupplyEquipment),isanelementinaninfrastructurethatsupplies electricenergy fortherechargingof plug-inelectricvehicles,including all-electriccars, neighborhoodelectricvehicles and plug-inhybrids.
As plug-inhybridelectricvehicles and batteryelectricvehicle ownershipisexpanding,thereisagrowingneedforwidelydistributedpubliclyaccessiblechargingstations,someofwhichsupportfasterchargingathighervoltagesandcurrentsthanareavailablefromdomesticsupplies.Manychargingstationsareon-streetfacilitiesprovidedbyelectricutilitycompanies,mobilechargingstationshavebeenrecentlyintroduced.Someofthesespecialchargingstationsprovideoneorarangeofheavydutyorspecialconnectorsand/orchargingwithoutaphysicalconnectionusingparkingplacesequippedwith inductivecharging mats.
Contents
[hide]
∙1 Overview
o1.1 Internationalstatus
o1.2 Safety
o1.3 Standards
∙2 Mode1:
Householdsocketandextensioncord
∙3 Mode2:
Domesticsocketandcablewithaprotectiondevice
∙4 Mode3:
Specificsocketonadedicatedcircuit
∙5 Mode4:
Directcurrent(DC)connectionforfastrecharging
o5.1 Evolution
∙6 Chargingtime
∙7 Infrastructure
∙8 Smartgridcommunication
∙9 Deploymentofpublicchargingstations
o9.1 Locations
o9.2 Vehicleandchargingstationprojectsandjointventures
∙10 Chargingstationmanufacturers
o10.1 DCchargingstations(fast)
o10.2 Chargingnetworkoperators
o10.3 Feud
o10.4 EVchargingstationsigns
o10.5 Blockheaterpowersupplies
∙11 Batteryswapping
∙12 RenewableelectricityandREchargingstations
o12.1 SPARCstation
o12.2 E-Movechargingstation
o12.3 Wind-poweredchargingstation
∙13 Seealso
∙14 Notes
∙15 Externallinks
Overview[edit]
Public-domainEuropeanchargestationsign
U.S.trafficsignusedforEVchargingstation
Achargingstationin Monza,Italy
Internationalstatus[edit]
AsofDecember2012,around50,000non-residentialslowchargingpointsweredeployedintheU.S.,Europe,JapanandChina.[1] AsofSeptember2013,therewere3,073quickchargersdeployedaroundtheworld,with1,858inJapan,897inEuropeand306intheUnitedStates.[2] AsofDecember2013,Estoniaisthefirstandonlycountrythathadcompletedthedeploymentofan EVchargingnetwork withnationwidecoverage,with165fastchargersavailablealonghighwaysataminimumdistanceofbetween40to60 km(25to37 mi),andahigherdensityinurbanareas.[3][4][5]
AsofMarch2013,5,678publicchargingstationsexistedacrosstheUnitedStates,with16,256publicchargingpoints,ofwhich3,990werelocatedin California,1,417in Texas,and1,141in Washington.[6][7] AsofNovember2012,about15,000chargingstationshadbeeninstalledinEurope.[8]
AsofMarch2013,Norway,whichhasthehighestelectricownershippercapita,had4,029chargingpointsand127quickchargingstations.[9] Aspartofitscommitmenttoenvironmentalsustainability,theDutchgovernmentinitiatedaplantoestablishover200chargingstationsacrossthecountryby2015.TherolloutwillbeundertakenbySwitzerland-basedpowerandautomationcompanyABBandDutchstartupFastned,andwillaimtoprovideatleastonestationevery50kilometres(31miles)fortheNetherlands'16millionresidents.[10]
AsofDecember2012,Japanhad1,381publicquick-chargestations,thelargestdeploymentoffastchargersintheworld,butonlyaround300slowchargers.[1] AsofDecember2012, China hadaround800publicslowchargingpoints,andnofastchargingstations.[1] AsofDecember2012,thecountrywiththehighestratioofquickchargerstoelectricvehicles(EVSE/EV)wasJapan,witharatioof0.030,andtheNetherlandshadthelargestratioofslowEVSE/EV,withmorethan0.50,whiletheU.ShadaslowEVSE/EVratioof0.20.[1]
AsofSeptember2013,thelargestpublicchargingnetworksin Australia existinthecapitalcitiesof Perth and Melbourne,witharound30stations(7 kWAC)establishedinbothcities—smallernetworksexistinothercapitalcities.[11]
Safety[edit]
Althoughmostrechargeableelectricvehiclesandequipmentcanberechargedfromadomestic
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